• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.331-338
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to establish early diagnosis for bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease(BVD-MD) Two Holstein among 22 breeding cows were shown ulcer in the mouth and watery diarrhea. Diarrheal feces and ulcerous lesion of the mouth from 2 cows were sampled for detection of viral antigen. BVD virus was isolated by inoculation of the samples to MDBK cells, and the cytopathic effects were observed in cultured MDBK cells which inoculated with virus isolates from the feces. Viral antigens were detected in the feces and ulceruous lesion by immunogold staining. The serum neutralization titers were shown 1 : 64 or greater in 8 blood samples by using BVD virus (NADL strain). By the RT-PCR, using reverse primer 5'-ACTCCATGTGCCATGTACAG-3', forward primer 5'-ACTCCATGTGCCATGTACAG-3', 285 base pair band specific to BVD virus was detected. In conclusions, the results of above tests which executed using the diarrheal feces and ulcerous lesion of the mouth and the isolates were conformed as BVD virus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2018

Our aim was to determine the detection rate of respiratory viruses (RVs) in feces of patients with acute viral respiratory infection (AVRI) and the detection rate of diarrheal viruses (DVs) in nasopharyngeal samples from patients with acute viral gastroenteritis. The relationships between the presence of fecal RVs or nasopharyngeal DVs and their impacts on the clinical severity were also investigated. A total of 144 fecal specimens were collected from AVRI patients and 95 nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from acute viral gastroenteritis patients. Clinical characteristics and laboratory profiles were compared between subgroups on the basis of the presence or absence of virus in the specimens. The detection rate of RVs in feces was 17.4% (25/144), whereas the detection rate for viruses identical to the respiratory pathogen was 10.4% (identical group, 15/144). Within the identical group, adenovirus (86.7%, 13/15) was most commonly found. Patients in the identical group showed statistically higher values for C-reactive protein, mean age, increased frequency of vomiting, and decreased frequency of chest film involvement and cough (p < 0.05). The detection rate of nasopharyngeal DVs among acute viral gastroenteritis patients was 19.0% (18/95), and in the identical group it was 15.8% (15/95). Norovirus group II and enteric adenovirus were the major pathogens detected in the identical group. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory profiles between the subgroups. In conclusion, the major pathogens of fecal RV and nasopharyngeal DV were adenovirus and norovirus group II, respectively. However, their relationship with the clinical symptoms or disease severity is unclear.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1999

Presently, viral isolation in the diarrheal feces can be reached by many tools such as fluorescent antibody test(FA), negative contrast electron microscopy(NCEM), virus neutralization test, cell culture, and so on. The purpose of the study was to aimed at the establishment of simplified NCEM technique which can be efficiently applied for diarrheal feces and also the understanding on prevalence of viral-induced diarrhea in calves. One hundred fourty-seven korean indigenous calves with diarrhea were examined to their feces by the modified NCEM. Among them, 98(66.7%) were confirmed to have one or more viruses in feces. The viruses detected were identified as rotavirus(33.3%), coronavirus(16.3% ), togavirus(10.2%) and herpesvirus(0.7%). Ten cases of combined viral infection were consisted of 8 with rotavirus+coronavirus, one with rotavirus+togavlrus and one with rotavirus+herpesvirus. Dirrheal types could classified by yello-wish watery(44.9a ), blood-tinged(19.7% ), white watery(17.7% ) , brownish watery(14.3%), greenish watery(3.4%) diarrhea, respectively. Yellowish watery diarrhea(66cases) was frequently included rotavirus(31.8%), coronavirus(15.2%), and togavirus(13.6%), respectively. Consequently, these results suggest that the modified NCEM is reliable and efficient diagnostic tool for detection of viruses in the diarrheal feces and many calves rearing in Chonnam province have been exposed to some enteric viral agents mainly including rotavirus and coronavirus.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2010

To understand protozoan, viral, and bacterial infections in diarrheal patients, we analyzed positivity and mixedinfection status with 3 protozoans, 4 viruses, and 10 bacteria in hospitalized diarrheal patients during 2004-2006 in the Republic of Korea. A total of 76,652 stool samples were collected from 96 hospitals across the nation. The positivity for protozoa, viruses, and bacteria was 129, 1,759, and 1,797 per 10,000 persons, respectively. Especially, Cryptosporidium parvum was highly mixed-infected with rotavirus among pediatric diarrheal patients (29.5 per 100 C. parvum positive cases), and Entamoeba histolytica was mixed-infected with Clostridium perfringens (10.3 per 100 E. histolytica positive cases) in protozoan-diarrheal patients. Those infected with rotavirus and C. perfringens constituted relatively high proportions among mixed infection cases from January to April. The positivity for rotavirus among viral infection for those aged $\leq$ 5 years was significantly higher, while C. perfringens among bacterial infection was higher for $\geq$ 50 years. The information for association of viral and bacterial infections with enteropathogenic protozoa in diarrheal patients may contribute to improvement of care for diarrhea as well as development of control strategies for diarrheal diseases in Korea.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 1997

The present study was designed to estimate the seroprevalence of NLVs among diarrheagenic children and in healthy adults in Seoul and its vicinity with the use of an EIA and an Western blot (WB) based on recombinant Norwalk virus capsid protein (rNV) and crude virus preparations as antigen. Seroconversion was observed in 34 (83%) of 41 tested using the EIA and in 21 (54%) of 39 using the WB, suggesting that the NLVs with epitopes common to rNV are prevalent in Seoul area. Diarrheal children who were known to have been infected with several other strains of the NLVs showed no significant antibody response to the rNV. Infection with rNV occurred earlier in life: primary infections with rNV were common before the age of 6 months and over 91 % of children had evidence of infection by that age by the EIA. Since the amount of the NLV antigens available for seroepidemiologic surveys is limited, we tried to detect NLV antibody by using crude virus preparations as antigen. One crude virus preparation of a child whose stool yielded genetically distinct NLV revealed the presence of the plural number of bands upon SDS-PAGE, but precipitated only one band (62 kDa) after the WB with a serum (collected 10 days after the onset of symptoms) of another diarrheal child. The WB assay we present in this report revealed that the NLVs are prevalent among Korean population and that the sera contained antibody to a single major structural protein, with molecular sizes of 58 to 62 kDa, compatible with the sizes reported for the Norwalk virus and Snow Mountain agent proteins, respectively. When the results of the WB were compared with those obtained by the EIA, the EIA antibody assay was sensitive enough to detect an antibody rise of as much as 4096-fold but not as specific as the WB. The WB assay presented in this paper will provide a powerful tool to elucidate not only antigenic structures of the NL Vs but also seroepidemiology of the NLV infection. The availability of an unlimited source of antigen will enable a large scale serologic studies that will greatly increase our understanding of the role of NLVs in human enteric illness.

• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2003년도 추계학술대회초록집
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• pp.43-43
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• 2003

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) are an acute viral enteritis. colibacillosis by E coli is a microbial enteritic disease in suckling piglets[1]. These infectious intestinal diarrheal diseases cause severe diarrhea to suckling piglets, so that lead to enormous economical loss in swine-product industries. Ig-Top (AD Biotech, Korea) is a immunomodulator with IgY the specific yolk-antibody for PED, TGE and E. coli and oligosaccharide. The purpose of this study was to investigate protective effects against PED virus, TGE virus E.coli and in suckling piglets by oral administration of the Ig-Top. (omitted)

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2020

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) has been a significant cause of economic losses in pig farming industry since 1950s. Although transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has declined in recent years, it should not be excluded because of its characteristics; the frequency of gene mutation, the mortality in piglets, and the possibility for sudden incidence. Therefore, the herd-level monitoring of the virus is important to prevent further circulation of TGE. The aim of this study is to develop a large-scale sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with high specificity to rapidly detect TGEV in feces by using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). The TGEV specific Mabs were produced in hybridoma cells. Among the Mabs belonged to the IgG class developed by this study, the final selected 8H6, 1B7, 4G3, and 1F8 were identified to have the neutralization ability against TGEV. The sandwich ELISA was established using 8H6 as a reporter antibody and 1B7 and the reported 5C8 as a capture antibody. The developed sandwich ELISA was able to distinguish TGEV from other pathogenic diarrheal agents (porcine rotavirus, porcine reovirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), E. coli, and C. perfringens) in tissue culture as well as fecal samples. And the detection rate of TGEV in feces was 80% compared with RT-PCR. The results suggested that the developed sandwich ELISA may be useful in the herd-level monitoring for effective preventive measures due to the early diagnosis of TGEV using a large amount of samples.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.743-750
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• 1999

Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDVs) were isolated from cattle with respiratory and diarrhea signs as well as persistently infected cattle. These isolates were analysed serologically to characterize serogroups and to compare serological relationship with reference viruses of type I and II. Most isolates from calf diarrheal cases and persistently infected individuals showed a significant difference in cross-neutralization test with the viruses isolated from nasal discharges showing severe respiratory signs. Serologically most of the commercial vaccine strains could be classified into classical BVDV (type I) such as NADL strain. This serological difference among BVDV isolates suggested the need for new vaccines to protect cattle from both respiratory and enteric BVDV infections in field. The immunogenicity of BVDVs which showed a good propagation capability in MDBK cells and high rates of neutralizing activity (isolate : KD26-1, PHG, B5 and 95002) against all viruses used in this study, was confirmed in guinea pig when treated as single or combined groups.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2004

This study was carried out to produce IgY against B. bronchiseptica, parvovirus and distemper virus that are major pathogens in alimentary and/or respiratory diseases of dogs. In the comparison of adjuvants, ISA70 was the best in the rapid induction and maintence of antibody titers. Agglutination antibody titers against B. bronchiseptica were 1:1,280 ~ 1:10,240 in sera and 1:160 ~ 1:1,280 in egg yolk. Hemagglutination inhibition(HI) titers against parvovirus in sera and egg yolk were 1:80 ~ 1:320 and 1:64 ~ 1:256, respectively. Virus neutralization titers against canine distemper was 1:8 ~ 1:64 in sera and egg yolk. These results suggested that egg yolk antibody titers could be variable according to a sort of adjuvant and antigens of the pathogens.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2017

2015년 3월부터 2017년 2월까지 2년간 Multiplex-PCR을 이용한 소아청소년의 급성설사질환 원인규명을 위해 의뢰된 521 분변 검체를 대상으로 5종의 바이러스 검사와 10종의 세균검사를 실시한 521 분변 검체 중 바이러스나 세균이 확인된 170명 중 중복 감염이 확인된 9명의 검체를 포함하여 179개의 양성검체의 결과를 분석한 결과 남아가 102명(56.98%), 여아가 77명(43.02%)이었으며, 3~4세(51.96%), 5~6세(12.29%) 연령대에서 가장 높은 양성율을 보였다. 179건의 양성 검체 중 중복감염을 포함한 209건(209/521, 40.12%)을 분석한 결과 norovirus-GII 감염이 88건(88/521, 16.89%), Campylobacter spp. 감염이 26건(26/521, 4.99%), rotavirus 감염이 18건(18/521, 3.45%), Clostridium difficile Toxin B 감염이 18건(18/521, 3.45%), adenovirus 감염이 17건(17/521, 3.26%), Clostridium perfringens 감염은 16건(16/521, 3.07%), astrovirus 감염은 11건(11/521, 2.11%), Salmonella spp. 감염은 5건(5/521, 0.96%), norovirus-GI, Yersinia spp., Aeromonas spp. 감염은 각각 3건(3/521, 0.58%), verocytotoxin-producing E. coli 감염은 1건(1/521, 0.19%), Vibrio spp, E. coli O157:H7, Shigella spp. 감염은 나타나지 않았다. 유아기(6세 이하)의 계절별 분리 양상을 확인한 결과는 기온이 낮은 겨울(11~2월)에는 주로 norovirus-GI, norovirus-GII가 유행하였고, 기온이 상승하기 시작하는 봄(3~5월)에는 rotavirus가 유행하는 경향을 전형적인 장염바이러스의 경향을 보였다. Astrovirus 경우에는 norovirus-GI, norovirus-GII, rotavirus가 유행하는 시기가 아닌 4월~10월에 유행하는 경향을 보이고, adenovirus인 경우에는 8월~2월까지 유행하는 경향을 보였다. 연령이 높아질수록 바이러스뿐만 아니라 세균이 원인이 되어 급성설사질환을 유발하는 것으로 나타났으며, 다중 중합효소연쇄반응으로 원인을 파악하고자 할 때에는 유아기 때에는 바이러스 검사를 의뢰하는 것이 유효하지만 연령이 높아짐에 따라 바이러스와 세균을 동시에 의뢰하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.