• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1579-1584
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• 2002

Since surfactant or emulsifiers remained on the nanoparticle surface significantly affect the physicochemical properties, the biodegradation rate, the biodistribution, and the biocompatibility of nanoparticles, surfactant-free nanoparticles should be good candidate. surfactant-free PLGA nanoparticles were successfully prepared by both the dialysis method and the solvent diffusion method. The PLGA nanoparticles prepared using the solvent diffusion method has a smaller particle size than the dialysis method. The solvent diffusion method was better for a higher loading efficiency than the dialysis method but the nanoparticle yield was lower. Testosterone (TST) release from the PLGA nanoparticles was dependent on the particle size rather than the drug contents. Testosterone release from the PLGA nanoparticles prepared by the solvent diffusion method using acetone was faster than those prepared by the dialysis method. TST release from the PLGA nanoparticles prepared by the solvent diffusion method using acetone and the dialysis method using dimethylformamide (DMF) was completed for 4 days while the PLGA nanoparticles prepared by the dialysis method using acetone showed approximately 80% TST release after 4 days. Since the PLGA nanoparticle degradation ratio was below 20% within 5 days at all samples while TST release completed within 4 days, TST release was dependent on the diffusion mechanism rather than degradation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.874-879
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• 2004

Alakaline phosphatase (ALP)- or horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-antibody conjugate was used frequently on the immunological detection methods such as enzyme-linked immunosobent assay (ELISA), immunobolt, immunohistochemistry. The classical enzyme-antibody coupling method by one-step (direction) injection of glutaraldehyde bring into being disadvantage such as low sensitivity of antigen detection because of homopolymers. This study was modified with the dialysis glutaraldehyde method to provide simple coupling through E-amino residues present in most protein. The dialysis glutaraldehyde coupling effects were better than the classical one-step glutaraldehyde injection in antigen detection of ELISA and immunobolt. Optimal dose of the dialysis glutaraldehyde solution was 0.10-0.25 %. This results suggest that the dialysis glutaraldehyde coupling method can readily applied to antigen detection of in vitro and in vivo.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 1977

The effects of specific surface area and pore size of dialysis membrane on the dialysis were studied. It was confirmed that the intermittent sampling method(in which any volume of dialyzing solution is sampled intermittently at every moment after any duration of the dialysis experiment) is suitable for the determination of a dialysis coefficient. It was also confirmed that the diffusion coefficient of a electrolyte through membrane is smaller than the free diffusion coefficient though the pore size of dialysis membrane is extremely large.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2005

To investigate the physical properties of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) alginates, extracted by the Mexican process, the effects of extracting time and drying methods on intrinsic viscosities, MWs and DPs of alginates were examined. The MWs of alginates before and after dialysis decreased with increase of extracting time. The MW s before dialysis were lower than those after dialysis. The ash contents before dialysis decreased with increase of extracting time. After dialysis the ash contents of the alginates showed 10.4-10.9% of those, which were little affected by extracting time. In the ash composition after dialysis, the sodium content was 4.4 g/100 g, $90\%$ of total ash content. The ash contents, the intrinsic viscosities, the average molecular weight and the DPs of the alginates dried by AD before dialysis were higher than those by VF. The ash and uronic acid contents of alginates after dialysis showed $10.6-10.9\%\;and\l88.1-88.9\%$, respectively. But the intrinsic viscosities, the MWs and DPs of the alginates after dialysis gradually decreased by following dry methods. The decreased order was ADAD, ADVF, VFAD, VFVF. The coefficient of determination between MWs and DPs in the alginates having more than 300 kDa was 0.999.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 1987

The characteristics of zipeprol-$\beta$-cyclodextrin system were studied by circular dichroism, competitive UV method and dialysis method. In this experiment, binding constants by competitive UV method, circular dichroism and dialysis method were 155 M$^{-1}$ 187 M$\^{-1}$/($\pm$ 5%) and 315 $^{-1}$, repectively. It shows that zipeprol forms 1:1 compelx with $\beta$-cyclodextrin by circular dichroism and 1:2 by dialysis method. pH profile shows that binding force seems to be a hydrophobic interaction. It is suggested that benzene ring be accomodated in the cavity of $\beta$-cyclodextrin.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to compare peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion by the open method to the laparoscopic method. Twenty four laparoscopic and 10 open peritoneal dialysis catheter placements were performed in children between 2001 and 2008. Patient characteristics, operation related data, procedural complications and clinical outcome were compared. Although there were no cases of catheter obstruction, exit site infection or bleeding in the laparoscopic group, compared to the open method, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Catheter removal rate due to complication was high in the open group and catheter survival rate was high in the laparoscopic group. We concluded that laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter placement is feasible in children of all age groups with at least equivalent functional results compared to the open method. An advantage of laparoscopic catheter insertion is removal of the great omentum and easy fixation of the catheter to the abdominal wall.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 1973

This report has been focused on the studies of the hydraulic pressure distribution which is created by the agitation of the both liquids, dialysing solution and solvent, on either side of the dialysis membrane surface. Agitators of the both liquids have been investigated and developed which can counterbalance the hydraulic pressures. The effects of the agitation velocities on the dialysing velocity have been studied under the conditions which allow the uniform dialysis on the whole surface of the dialysis membrane. Each agitation velocity of the dialysing solution and solvent, at which the dialysis coefficient is obtained most precisely, has been determined.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 1974

In a series of investigation of dialysis conditions at which the dialysis coefficient can be expressed as a constant, accumulation limits of the diffusing particles in the outer solution where the accumulation effect to the dialysis may be negligible were studied for various volume size of the outer solution. Dependence of the dialysis coefficient on the dialyzing temperature was also studied.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.66-76
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• 1995

This study was done to identify burnout factors and coping methods surveyed upon 59 out-patients who have continuous peritoneal dialysis. Raw data was collected after being filled the questionnaire by subjects or directly interviewing at the peritoneal dialysis room of the K hospital. Taegu. Then. data was classified and analyzed according to categories of questions and revealed facts. The following results are obtained: The average age of subjects is 43.8 years old and the average duration of continuous peritoneal dialysis is 16.9 months. The reasons of choosing continuous peritoneal dialysis are 61. 0% by recommendation of doctor and nurse ranked as the first, 32. 2% by patient own decision ranked as the second. The 57.6% of subjects were experienced complications related to continuous peritoneal dialysis. The major psychosocial burnout factors because of the dialysis are confinement, wasting time, change in responsibility and role as a member of family, worriment for infection, interference in job: and the major physiological burnout factors are fatigue and weakness. Among the main coping methods, the problem-oriented coping methods are "accept the given situation itself, "actively try to change the situation", "try to maintain some controls over the situation", and the affective-oriented coping method are "give up and accept as fate", "pray", "ask comfort or help from family and friends", "sleep", "cry". Conclusively, it can be said that effective nursing intervention is needed to prevent continuous peritoneal dialysis burnout.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.304-313
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• 1972

This paper reports the improvements of the dialysis apparatus and operations since there are some problems to be improved in the dialysis method which is applied to determine the ionic and molecular weight of dissolved particles. The hook gauge was utilized in order to control the surface level of the dialysing solution and the solvent to be equal with the precision of 0.02 mm to minimize the osmotic and filtration effects. An accurate agitation velocity for both solutions was maintained and so was the same temperature for both solutions with ${\pm}0.01^{\circ}C$ precision. The dialysis membrane was fixed uniformly and flatly on one end of the dialysis cylinder by using a newly developed ring. The volume change of the dialysing solution during the dialysis was reduced to the range of -1.62 ~ +0.92%. Optimum duration of dialysis was searched from the relation between the osmotic and filtration effect and the pore size of the membrane.