• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.734-745
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• 2009

Diabetes mellitus is the prevalent disease among older adults. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate the nutrition education program for diabetes mellitus patients aged 60 and over. The one group pretest and posttest design was employed to evaluate the program effectiveness. Nutrition education program for diabetes mellitus patients was carried out at the public healthy center in Guri city. The 38 out of 63 patients completed education program. They received four sessions of group education during four weeks. Nutrition education materials (booklet, leaflet) for older adults were provided to participants. Data about blood glucose, blood pressure, nutrition and diabetes mellitus knowledge, dietary behavior, dietary intake by 24-hour recalls were collected before and after nutrition education to evaluate the program effectiveness. All data were statistically analyzed using SAS package (ver.8.2) and significant difference was evaluated by $X^2$-test, paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Study results showed that blood pressure and blood glucose were slightly decreased after nutrition education but they did not reach statistical significance. There were positive changes in nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior. The total score of nutrition and diabetes knowledge increased significantly (p < 0.001), and the total score of dietary behavior was improved (p < 0.05) after nutrition education. Dietary intakes of most of nutrients examined were not significantly different between pre- and post-test. Based on study results, it appears that nutrition education program for the aged diabetes mellitus patients might effectively increase nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior and diet quality. This nutrition education program can be used at the public health centers or senior centers for the management of diabetes mellitus for older adults.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.805-812
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the association between diabetes mellitus and community periodontal index in Korean adults. Methods: The study populations were recruited by the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Study subjects were 10,411 who were examined oral examination, blood test, and aged over 19 years. Using multiple logistic regression analyses, the variables were adjusted for gender, age, household income, family history of diabetes, body mess index, smoking habit, and frequency of tooth brushing. Periodontal tissue examination of the subjects was performed and scored by Community periodontal index(CPI). Using probe, six teeth were examined for hemorrhage, plaque, and pocket depth and classified into $CPI_0$, $CPI_1$, $CPI_2$, $CPI_3$ and $CPI_4$. Healthy periodontal groups($CPI_{0-2}$) and periodontal disease groups($CPI_{3-4}$) were divided by the periodontal disease status. The definition of diabetes mellitus(DM) was decided by the diagnosis by the doctors and fasting blood sugar level. Those who were diagnosed as DM were included in DM group. The DM variables included normal blood sugar level, increased fasting blood sugar level, and DM blood sugar level. The DM variables were compared to periodontal disease blood sugar level and analyzed. Results: The periodontitis prevalence rate was 23.2%. Those who had diabetes mellitus accounted for 5.5% of the subjects. Those who had impaired fasting glucose accounted for 17.7% and 7.9% of subjects were diabetes mellitus by blood test. In the confirmed diabetes group by doctor, the periodontitis prevalence rate was significantly higher than the non-diabetic group. Diabetic group by blood test had the highest prevalence rate of periodontitis than those who had impaired fasting glucose group or normal group. After adjusting for gender, age, household income, family history of diabetes, body mass index, smoking habit, and frequency of tooth brushing, the risk of periodontitis in diagnosed diabetes mellitus was 1.57 times(95% CI; 1.27-1.94) higher than the normal group. In impaired fasting glucose group and diabetes mellitus group by blood test, the risk of periodontitis was 1.11 times(95% CI; 0.95-1.30) and 1.45 times(95% CI; 1.45-2.12) higher, respectively. Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis in Korean adults. These results suggest that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for periodontitis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1601-1610
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a pulse analyzer was useful 1) to characterize the variables of pulse wave of diabetes mellitus group, compared with those of healthy subjects, and 2) to determine Sasang Constitution in diabetes mellitus group and healthy subjects. 1. The sum of pulse pressure (energy) and the ratio of systolic period area (As%), called pulse pressure-related variables, were higher in diabetes mellitus group than healthy group, while the height of dicrotic wave (h5) and the ratio of height of dicrotic wave to height of percussion wave (h5/h1), correlated with arterial compliance, were lower in diabetes mellitus group than healthy group. 2. Taeumin of diabetes mellitus group showed higher pressure-related variables than that of healthy group. 3. Soumin of diabetes mellitus group had shorter the time to dicrotic wave (t5) than that of healthy group. 4. Soyangin of diabetes mellitus group showed higher heart rates and lower values in pulse wave time-related variables, including time to dicrotic wave(t5), time to incisura (t4), total time minus time to incisura (t-t4), total time (t), width of percussion wave (w), and the ratio of width of percussion wave to total time (w/t), than that of healthy group. 5. Contact pressure (CP), sum of pulse pressure (energy), height of pre-incisura (h2), height of incisura (h4), width of percussion wave (w), time to incisura (t4), time to percussion wave (t1), variance of total time (Vt), variance of height of percussion wave(Vp) and the ratio of height of incisura to height of percussion wave (h4/h1) were used to develop the rules of Sasang Constitution Classification with about seventy five percents accuracy. These suggested that the pulse analyzer was useful to evaluate the risk degree of diabetes mellitus and to determine Sasang Constitution among either diabetes mellitus group or healthy group.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.509-519
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• 2017

Objectives: This study describes how two patients diagnosed with type-II diabetes mellitus were successfully treated using herbal medicine. Methods: The patients were given Yuldahanso-tang to reduce the effects of Taeumin's dry-febrile symptom. Results: Type-II diabetes mellitus symptoms experienced by patients with Taeumin's dry-febrile symptom included thirst, fatigue, weight loss, and numbness in the hands and feet. After administering Yuldahanso-tang, all numerical levels for blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glycosuria, and proteinuria recovered to within normal levels. Conclusions: Treatment of patients with Taeumin's dry-febrile symptom and type-II diabetes mellitus with Yuldahanso-tang was effective, and this new evidence supports the use of herbal medicine for treating such patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.300-309
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was a descriptive survey research to identify whether characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, their knowledge about diabetes, and self-care behavior impacted on the level of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Participants were 133 patients who had type 2 diabetes mellitus and were being seen at a hospital in Korea. The scale for knowledge about diabetes had 24 items, the scale for self-care behavior, 20 items, and the level of diabetic retinopathy was classified according to the international clinical diabetic retinopathy severity measurement standards. Results: The influence of the independent variables on the level of diabetic retinopathy showed that age, job, time since onset of Diabetes Mellitus, regular ophthalmologic examinations, and systolic blood pressure were identified as factors affecting the level of diabetic retinopathy. The explanation power of this regression model was 23.0% and it was statistically significant (F=5.42, p<.001). Conclusion: Early education about occurrence of diabetes related diseases, specifically diabetic retinopathy should be provided for patients from younger ages. Moreover, for disease management, social support is needed from co-workers and friends. Efforts to encouraged prevention and delay of diabetic retinopathy should include control of blood sugar and blood pressure.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin), WHR (Waist hip ratio), WTR (Waist thigh ratio) and compliance in elderly diabetes mellitus patients aged 65 years or over. Method: We conducted a survey and measured HbA1c, WHR, WTR in a total of 180 elderly patients with diabetes from 5 May 2014 to 30 May 2014. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient using the SPSS program. Results: There were no significant differences in diabetes-related characteristics for HbA1c, WHR and WTR. However, patients with a family history had low compliance scores (p=.004). Furthermore, patients who visited the hospital regularly had higher compliance scores than patients who visited hospital when they were sick (p<.001). Patients with diabetic complications had low treatment compliance scores (p=.001). In addition, WHR and WTR (r=0.47, p<.001). and WHR and compliance (r=0.15, p=.045) showed positive correlation. Conclusion: For elderly diabetes mellitus patients, diabetes-related characteristics and compliance were highly related, so it is necessary to improve compliance for managing diabetes mellitus.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.150-159
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed in order to identify the relationships among self-care behavior, health conservation, and cardiovascular risk factors and to examine the influence of self-care behavior and health conservation on cardiovascular risk factors among Korean elders with diabetes mellitus. Methods: The participants were 105 elders with diabetes mellitus using senior welfare centers and elderly leisure houses in Daegu. Data were collected through interviews during the period from April to May in 2014. Self-care behavior was measured with Kim's (1997) Self-care Behavior Scale, health conservation with Sung's (2005) Health Conservation Scale, and cardiovascular risk factors with the Arizona Heart Institute Cardiovascular Risk Factor Questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed through one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program. Results: A negative correlation was found between self-care behavior and cardiovascular risk factors, and between health conservation and cardiovascular risk factors. Self-care behavior explained 6% and health conservation did 49% of variance in elderly diabetes mellitus patients' cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: The results indicate that, in order to reduce cardiovascular risk factors among Korean elders with diabetes mellitus, we need nursing interventions for increasing health conservation and self-care behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among sexual function, sexual stress, and quality of life in middle aged women patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 154 middle aged women patient with diabetes mellitus in one hospital. Results: The mean sexual function score was $12.99{\pm}9.11$. There were statistically significant differences in sexual function according to age, level of education, employment status, time of being diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, number of complications, self-monitoring of blood glucose, menopausal status, and level of glycosylated hemoglobin. The mean sexual stress score was $26.99{\pm}16.88$. The score of quality of life was $79.12{\pm}14.30$. There were statistically significant differences in quality of life according to level of education. Sexual function was negatively correlated with sexual stress (r=-.46 p<.001) and positively correlated with quality of life (r=.32, p<.001), while sexual stress was negatively correlated with quality of life (r=-.36 p<.001). Conclusion: Higher sexual dysfunction in middle aged women patients with diabetes mellitus was correlated with lower sexual stress and improved quality of life, while lower sexual stress was correlated with improved quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the effect of physical activity of adult Korean males on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the raw data from the 2017 Community Health Survey. The subjects of this study were 74,494 men aged 19-64 years old. The data was analyzed applying the complex sampling design and using SPSS 23.0 Program. Descriptive statistics, Rao-Scott Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analysis were all performed. Results: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 6.4%. The walking activity was 58.5% and the over moderate intensity physical activity was 27.5%. After adjusting for age, marital status, educational level, household monthly income, drinking and smoking status, and BMI, those subjects without moderate intensity physical activity had a 1.14 times higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (95% CI = 1.05-1.24) than those men with moderate intensity physical activity. Conclusion: In order to decrease the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adult men, regular physical activities over a moderate intensity level should be emphasized and encouraged in daily life.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

As popularity of dental implantation is increasing, the number of cases associated with complications also increase. Evaluation on diabetes mellitus is often neglected due to the disease's irrelevance to implantability. However, patients with diabetes mellitus are susceptible to infection due to impaired bactericidal ability of neutrophils, cellular immunity and activity of complements. Due to this established connection between diabetes mellitus and infection, a couple of cases were selected to present patients with diabetes mellitus with glycemic incontrollability, suffering from post-implantation dentigerous inter-fascial space abscess.