• 제목/요약/키워드: di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

검색결과 119건 처리시간 0.031초

Ecological Risk Assessment of Chemicals Migrated from a Recycled Plastic Product

  • Roh, Ji-Yeon;Kim, Min-Hyuck;Kim, Woo Il;Kang, Young-Yeul;Shin, Sun Kyoung;Kim, Jong-Guk;Kwon, Jung-Hwan
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제28권
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    • pp.13.1-13.5
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: Potential environmental risks caused by chemicals that could be released from a recycled plastic product were assessed using a screening risk assessment procedure for chemicals in recycled products. Methods: Plastic slope protection blocks manufactured from recycled plastics were chosen as model recycled products. Ecological risks caused by four model chemicals - di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)-were assessed. Two exposure models were built for soil below the block and a hypothetic stream receiving runoff water. Based on the predicted no-effect concentrations for the selected chemicals and exposure scenarios, the allowable leaching rates from and the allowable contents in the recycled plastic blocks were also derived. Results: Environmental risks posed by slope protection blocks were much higher in the soil compartment than in the hypothetic stream. The allowable concentrations in leachate were $1.0{\times}10^{-4}$, $1.2{\times}10^{-5}$, $9.5{\times}10^{-3}$, and $5.3{\times}10^{-3}mg/L$ for DEHP, DINP, Cd, and Pb, respectively. The allowable contents in the recycled products were $5.2{\times}10^{-3}$, $6.0{\times}10^{-4}$, $5.0{\times}10^{-1}$, and $2.7{\times}10^{-1}mg/kg$ for DEHP, DINP, Cd, and Pb, respectively. Conclusions: A systematic ecological risk assessment approach for slope protection blocks would be useful for regulatory decisions for setting the allowable emission rates of chemical contaminants, although the method needs refinement.

쥐에서 Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate로 유발된 정자 형성 장애에 대한 Vitamin E와 Catechin의 예방 효과 (Preventive Effects of Vitamin E and Catechin on Spermatogenic Disturbance Induced by Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate in Rat)

  • 이지우;이경갑;정종태;윤영민;이주명;박현정;우호춘;유재규;손우진;강민수;강태영
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.81-87
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 수컷 랫드에 DEHP를 투여하여 실험적으로 생식 독성을 유발하고, vitamin E와 catechin을 단독 및 병용 투여하여 수컷 랫드에서 정소의 조직학적 변화, 정액 특성의 변화 및 정자의 운동성 변화 등을 조사하여 그 예방 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. DEHP를 투여한 군은 대조군에 비해 정자농도, 정자 생존율, 정상 정자율이 감소하였다. DEHP에 의한 생식 독성을 예방하기 위해 vitamin E와 catechin을 단독 또는 병행 투여한 결과, DEHP를 투여한 군에 비하여 정자 농도, 정자 생존율, 정상 정자율이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때, catechin과 vitamin E의 투여는 DEHP에 의한 생식 독성을 예방하는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

Adverse Reproductive Effects on Plasma Vitellogenin and Sex Steroid Levels, and Gonadosomatic Index in Juvenile Common Carps (Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to 17$\beta$-Estradiol and D-2-Ethylhexyl Phthalate

  • Seo, Jinwon;Park, Kyung-Seo;Moon, Woon-Gi;Lee, Sung-Kyu
    • 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경생물학회 2002년도 학술대회
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    • pp.141-144
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    • 2002
  • Environmental estrogens are natural or synthetic substances present in the aquatic environment, especially in effluent from sewage treatment. However, the adverse effects of these estrogenic substances on fish reproduction are unknown. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the most common phthalate, which Ps used as a plasticizer in polyvinylchloride (PVC), and it is widespread in the environment and has been found in aquatic organisms and sediments. Therefore, juvenile common carps (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to nominal concentrations of 17$\beta$-estradiol (E2) (0.5, 5, 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) and DEHP (10, 100, 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) for 21 days, to determine the adverse reproductive effects of these compounds on plasma vitellogenin (VTG) induction, sex steroid level, and gonad weight. Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed that much of VTG was induced in fish exposed to 5 and 50 E$_2$ $\mu\textrm{g}$/L, but none of DEHP exposure showed induction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that VTG was significantly induced in fish exposed to 5 and 50 E$_2$ $\mu\textrm{g}$/L, and combination of 50 E$_2$ $\mu\textrm{g}$/L with 10 and 500 DEHP $\mu\textrm{g}$/L, but none of DEHP exposure showed induction. Analysis of sex steroid levels in some fish revealed that testosterone (T) was detected in both male and female fish of the control and DEHP exposures, but none of fish exposed to 22 concentrations had detectable testosterone level. On the other hand, E$_2$ exposure induced 17$\beta$-estradiol in plasma of male fish, but there was no induction of 17$\beta$-estradiol in plasma of male fish exposed to DEHP. Comparison of gonadosomatic index (GSI) revealed that maximal E$_2$ exposure inhibited ovarian growth, but maximal DEHP exposure stimulated testicular growth. The results indicated that those comparisons can be a useful bio-indicator for determining adverse reproductive effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs).

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Glutamine-Glucose Model System에서 가열조건별 반응생성물과 색의 변화 (Study of Reaction Products and Color Changes in Glutamine-Glucose Model System during Heating)

  • 이영근
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제35권7호
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    • pp.881-885
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    • 2006
  • Glucose-glutamine 모델반응에서 생성물의 종류와 갈변에 의한 색의 변화를 조사하기 위하여, 가열조건을 125, 150 및 $175^{\circ}C$에서 각각 10, 20 및 30분간 가열하고 반응물의 색을 Hunter colorimeter로 측정한 후, ethyl acetate로 추출하여 GC/MS로 생성물을 분석하였다. GC/MS 분석에서 acetic acid, butanoic acid, 2-butenoic acid, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2,3-dihydro-3.5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one 및 5-hydroxymethylfurfural의 6종의 다량 생성물과 1,3-dimethylbenzene, 2-ethylhexanol, fufural, 5-methylfurfural, 2-pyrrolidinone 그리고 2,6-di(t-butly)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one 6종의 미량 생성물이 확인되었다. 최대 생성물인 acetic acid와 미량 생성물인 2-ethylhexanol 및 2-pyrrolidinone은 온도 및 가열시간의 경과에 따라 전반적으로 증가하였으나, 그 외 9종의 화합물을은 $125^{\circ}C$부터 생성량이 증가하지만 $150^{\circ}C$ 또는 $175^{\circ}C$를 정점으로 그 이상 온도, 또는 가열시간을 증가할수록 생성량은 감소하였다. 반응생성물이 Hunter $L^*$값은 온도 및 시간의 증가에 따라 지속적으로 감소하여 암색이 반응의 최종산물에 의한 색으로 나타났으며, $a^*$$b^*$$125^{\circ}C$에서 낮고 $150^{\circ}C$ 또는 $175^{\circ}C$, 10분에서 최고점을 나타낸 후 온도 및 시간의 증가에 따라 감소하여 적색과 황색은 반응 중간생성물에 의한 발현이며 반응후기에는 고분자의 화합물에 고착되어 암색을 발현하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 가열조건의 변화에 따른 $a^*$$b^*$값의 변화는 앞서 언급한 9종 화합물들의 생성 변화와 유사하였다.

Potential Endocrine Disrupting Effects of Phthalates in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

  • Nguyen, Tien-Thanh;Jung, Eui-Man;Yang, Hyun;Hyun, Sang-Hwan;Choi, Kyung-Chul;Jeung, Eui-Bae
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.207-213
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    • 2010
  • Thousands of new chemicals have been introduced to environment during last decades. Many of them and common consumer products have been shown to be the endocrine disrupting chemicals. One such chemical group is the phthalates, used in soft poly vinyl chloride (PVC) material and in a huge number of consumer products. The prevalence of these modem chemicals have a remarkable increase. Approximately 3.5 million tons of the main phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), are produced annually worldwide and indeed, DEHP is considered a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. It has been demonstrated that high doses of phthalate can adversely affect adult and developing animals. In this review, we critically discuss the conclusions of recently original research papers and provide an overview of studies on reproductive disrupting effects of phthalates. In addition, we review the reproductive toxicity data of phthalates in some in vitro research and in both male and female reproductive systems in experimental and domestic animals. Finally, we point out some critical issues that should be addressed in order to clarify the implication of phthalates for human reproduction.

Hormonal Effects of Several Chemicals in Recombinant Yeast, MCF-7 Cells and Uterotrophic Assays in Mice

  • Park, Jin-Sung;Lee, Beom-Jun;Kang, Kyung-Sun;Tai, Joo-Ho;Cho, Jae-Jin;Cho, Myung-Haing;Inoue, Tohru;Lee, Yong-Soon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.293-299
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    • 2000
  • Many methods have been developed for screening chemicals with hormonal activity. Using recombinant yeasts expressing either human estrogen receptor [Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER + LYS 8127 (YER)] or androgen receptor [S. cerevisiae AR + 8320 (YAR)], we evaluated the hormonal activities of several chemicals by induction of ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity. The chemicals were $17{\beta}-estradiol$ (E2), testosterone (T), ${\rho}-nonylphenol$ (NP), bisphenol A (BPA), genistein (GEN), 2-bromopropane (2-BP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and butylparaben (BP). To assess the estrogenicity of NP, the result of the in vitro recombinant yeast assay was compared with an E-screen assay using MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and an uterotrophid assay using ovariectomized mice. In the YER yeast cells, E2, NP, BPA, GEN, and BP exhibited estrogenicity in a doseresponse manner, while TCDD did not. All the chemicals tested, except T, did not show androgenicity in the YAR yeast cell. The sensitivity of the yeast (YER) assay system to the estrogenic effect of NP was similar to that of the E-screen assay. NP was also estrogenic in the uterotrophic assay. However, in terms of convenience and costs, the yeast assay was superior to the E-screen assay or uterotrophic assay. These results suggest that the recombinant yeast assay can be used as a rapid tool for detecting chemicals with hormonal activities.

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Low Dose Exposure to Di-2-Ethylhexylphthalate in Juvenile Rats Alters the Expression of Genes Related with Thyroid Hormone Regulation

  • Kim, Minjeong;Jeong, Ji Seong;Kim, Hyunji;Hwang, Seungwoo;Park, Il-Hyun;Lee, Byung-Chul;Yoon, Sung Il;Jee, Sun Ha;Nam, Ki Taek;Lim, Kyung-Min
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제26권5호
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    • pp.512-519
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    • 2018
  • Phthalates widely used in the manufacture of plastics have deeply penetrated into our everyday lives. Recently, a concern over the toxicity of phthalates on thyroid, has been raised but in most of cases, the doses employed were unrealistically high. To investigate the effects of phthalates on thyroid, we investigated the effects of the repeated oral exposure to low to high doses (0.3, 3, 30 and 150 mg/kg) di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) from weaning to maturity for 90 days in juvenile rats on the thyroid. The histological examination revealed that DEHP significantly induced hyperplasia in the thyroid from the doses of 30 mg/kg, which was confirmed with Ki67 staining. In line with this finding, increased mRNA expression of thyrotropin releasing hormone (Trh) was observed in the thyroid of female at 0.3 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg as determined by RNAseq analysis. Moreover, significantly increased expression of parathyroid hormone (Pth) in the female at 0.3 mg/kg, and thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid hormone responsive (Thrsp) in the male at 0.3 mg/kg were noted in the blood, of which changes were substantially attenuated at 150 m/kg, alluding the meaningful effects of low dose DEHP on the thyroid hormone regulation. Urinary excretion of mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (MEHP), a major metabolite of DEHP was determined to be 4.10 and 12.26 ppb in male, 6.65 and 324 ppb in female at 0.3 and 30 mg/kg DEHP, respectively, which fell within reported human urine levels. Collectively, these results suggest a potential adverse effects of low dose phthalates on the thyroid.

Toxicoproteomic Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins in Rat Liver by DEHP

  • Son, Bu-Soon;Seong, Ah-Reum;Park, Seul-Ki;Kim, Wan-Jong;Ryu, Jae-Chun;Lee, Mi-Young
    • Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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    • 제3권4호
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    • pp.299-305
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    • 2007
  • The endocrine disrupting chemical, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in polyvinyl chloride products ubiquitous in our daily lives. DEHP has potentially adverse effects on the liver, kidney, lung, heart, reproductive organs and endocrine systems. Many toxicological data on the DEHP toxicity have been stated, but complete protein profiles have not yet been reported. In this study, DEHP-induced oxidative DNA damage in rat lymphocyte was evaluated by Comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) for the first time. Moreover, DEHP-induced protein profile alterations were examined in rat liver by using toxicoproteomic tools. 34 protein spots in the liver were identified to be significantly deregulated by DEHP on the 2-dimensional gel. Among them, 20 spots were up-regulated and 14 spots down-regulated by DEHP.

약물과 PVC Infusion Bag과의 상호작용 (Interactions between Drugs and Polyvinyl Chloride Infusion Bags)

  • 한건;조영화;문동철
    • 약학회지
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.211-218
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    • 1989
  • Twenty-six injectable drug products, many of which are administered by i.v. infusion, were studied for loss from aqueous solutions stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) infusion bags for various periods of time. The PVC infusion bags were stored in the dark room at room temperature for up to one month. Drugs stored in glass bottle served as controls. The solutions were assayed Spectrophotometrically at regular intervals. The effect of drug concentration and pH on the loss of drug from solution were studied. Octanol-water partition coefficients were used as a guage of lipid solubility of drugs. The elution of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHT) from PVC infusion bags was studied. For most of the drug studied, minimal loss from the aqueous solutions were observed over periods of storage time. Six of the drug products - Thiopental sodium, Hydralazine HCl, Thioridazine HCl, Trifluoperazine 2HCl, Metronidazole, Chlorpromazine HCl - were found to be lost a substantial extent. DEHP was found to be migrating from PVC infusion bags.

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형질전환효모를 이용한 내분비계장애물질검색과 Nonylphenol의 Estrogen 유사작용에 대한 DEHP의 상협작용 (Modification of Estrogenic Effect of Nonylphenol Combined with DEHP in Yeast-based Bioassay)

  • 박미선;정해관;박현신;한의식;김종원;엄미옥;정상희;오혜영
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.65-71
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    • 2001
  • The key targets of endocrine disruptors are nuclear hormone receptors, which bind to steroid hormones and regulate their gene transcription. A yeast-based steroid hormone receptor gene trascription assay was previously developed for the evaluation of chemicals with endocrine modulating activity. The yeast transformants used in this assay contain the human estrogen receptor along with the appropriate steroid response elements upstream of the $\beta$-galactosidase reporter gene. We tried to evaluate several natural and synthetic steroids of their potential to interact directly with the steroid receptor. Some putative endocrine disruptors, including nonylphenol, are weakly estrogenic. But the combined treatment oj these chemicals with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) significantly increased the $\beta$-galactosidase activity in the yeast transformant. These results suggest that we also have to consider the synergistic effects of endocrine disruptors. In this study, we showed that yeast-based bioassay is a valuable tool for screening potential endocrine disruptors and quantitative determination of estrogenicity. And the possibility that the estrogen receptor binds multiple environmental chemicals adds another level of complexity to the interaction between the endocrine disruptors and the human hormone system.

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