• Title/Summary/Keyword: dewaxed Hanji

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Effect of Dewaxing Ratio of Beeswax-treated Hanji by Heat and Pressure Method on Aging Behavior of Dewaxed Hanji (가온 가압법에 의한 밀랍도포한지의 탈랍율이 탈랍지의 열화 거동에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Byoung-Uk;Choi, Do-Chim;Jo, Byoung-Muk
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2012
  • The optimum dewaxing ratio in dewaxing treatment by the heat and pressure method was investigated by considering aging stability of dewaxed Hanji. Commercial Hanji was coated with beeswax and thermally aged at $150^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Then it was dewaxed using the laboratory sheet press equipped with hot plates on both top and bottom sides. Dewaxing ratio was controlled by pressing temperature and time. Four type of dewaxed Hanji samples with different dewaxing ratio were prepared and thermally aged at $150^{\circ}C$. Then the aging stability of dewaxed Hanji samples was evaluated in terms of optical and strength properties. It was found that the aging stability of dewaxed Hanji was superior with higher dewaxing ratio. The result concluded that, in the aspect of aging stability, the coated beeswax in beeswax-treated Hanji shall be completely removed if the coated wax would be dewaxed.

Characteristics of Reinforced Dewaxed Hanji after Aging (강도보강 처리 탈랍지의 특성)

  • Kim, Kang-Jae;Lee, Min-Hyung;Eom, Tae-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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    • 2011.04a
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 2011
  • The annals of Joseon Dynasty has been known as one of the UNESCO's Memory of the World Heritage. Some of the annals of Joseon Dynasty was composed with wax coated book. Especially the waxed book have been severely damaged by various reason. To find out the safety preservation method of the annals of Joseon Dynasty waxed book, the characteristics of reinforced dewaxed Hanji was evaluated in this paper. From strength properties of MC treated dewaxed Hanji after dewaxing with different method, dewaxing ratio was been high, polymer treated dew axed Hanji showed a better strength. As the aging time, polymer layer on dewaxed Hanji was became brittle and cracked.

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Aging Behavior of Beeswaxed Hanji(II) - Acidic and Alkaline Aging of Beeswaxed Hanji - (밀랍지의 열화 거동 (제2보) - 산 및 알칼리에 의한 밀랍지의 열화 -)

  • Kim, Kang-Jae;Lee, Min-Hyung;Eom, Tae-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.66-72
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    • 2011
  • The annals of Joseon Dynasty is one of UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. For the safety preservation of the waxed annals of Joseon Dynasty, the acidic and alkaline aging mechanism of beeswax and beeswaxed Hanji has been investigated. The weight loss of beeswaxed Hanji by the acidic aging was higher than those of alkaline beeswax. The acid value and relative intensity of carbonyl groups in beeswax were slowly increased with aging time. The strength of dewaxed Hanji was decreased with aging time. The significant changes of crystallinity of dewaxed Hanji by acidic and alkaline aging were not observed.

Aging Behavior of Beeswaxed Hanji(III) - Aging of Beeswaxed Hanji with $CO_2$, $O_3$, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ Gas - (밀랍지의 열화 거동 (제3보) - $CO_2$, $O_3$, $SO_2$$NO_2$에 의한 밀랍지의 열화 -)

  • Kim, Kang-Jae;Lee, Min-Hyung;Eom, Tae-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 2011
  • The annals of Joseon Dynasty is one of the UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. For the safety preservation of wax applied volumes of the annals of Joseon Dynasty, the aging behavior of beeswax and beeswaxed Hanji with $CO_2$, $O_3$, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ gas has been evaluated. The weight loss of beeswaxed Hanji after aging under ozone gas were increased because of strong acidity of ozone. The acid value and relative intensity of carbonyl groups in beeswax were stabilized with aging time. The physical strength of dewaxed Hanji after ozone aging were rapidly decreased by aging time. The crystallinity of dewaxed Hanji were stabilized at all aging times.

Strengthening Treatment of Aged Hanji with Solvent Soluble Polymers (용제 용해형 고분자를 이용한 열화한지의 보강처리)

  • Kim, Kang-Jae;Lee, Min-Hyung;Eom, Tae-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2012
  • In this study, 5 solvent soluble polymers were treated on Hanji. Mechanical properties, morphology and oxidation index with thermal aging were measured on the aged Hanji, dewaxed Hanji and polymer treated Hanji. Synthetic polymers(such as polylactic acid, polybutylene succinate, polystyrene) treated Hanji had higher strength and thermal stability than cellulose derivatives(such as cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate) treated Hanji. Polymer treated Hanji showed a little bit of color change. The oxidation index of PS treated Hanji did not increase with thermal aging because it did not have a carboxyl group in chemical structure. Finally, polystyrene was found to be the most efficient method for strengthening the dewaxed Hanji. The best aging safety and thermal stability were obtained at the polystyrene 3% solution.

Strengthening Treatment of Aged Hanji with Water Soluble Polymers (수용성 고분자를 이용한 열화한지의 보강처리)

  • Kim, Kang-Jae;Lee, Min-Hyung;Eom, Tae-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2011
  • In this study, 13 water soluble polymers(6 natural polymer, 7 synthetic polymer) were treated on Hanji. Mechanical properties, morphology and oxidation index with thermal aging were measured on the aged Hanji, dewaxed Hanji and polymer treated Hanji. 3 natural polymer(such as CMC, EC, MC) and 3 synthetic polymers(such as PVA 1500, 2000, PEG 1500) treated Hanji had higher strength than other polymer treated Hanji. The oxidation index of 3% methyl cellulose solution treated Hanji did a little increase with thermal aging. Finally, methyl cellulose was found to be the most efficient method for strengthening the dewaxed Hanji. The best aging safety and thermal stability were obtained at the methyl cellulose 3% water solution.

Evaluation of the Beeswax Applying and Dewaxing Technique of Hanji, and Their Ageing Behaviors (한지의 밀랍 및 탈랍처리 기법과 열화거동 평가)

  • Kang, Kwang-Ho;Lee, Geum-Ja;Kim, Hyoung-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.58-66
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    • 2010
  • The Annals of beeswax applied-Joseon Dynasty have some serious damages such as cracks, brown, red or black spots, and discolorations by chemical and biological degradation, but others without any beeswax application have still been keeping good quality during over several hundred years. It would be convinced that the beeswax applied in the Annals resulted in these deteriorations. Therefore, in order to focus on the aging mechanism and conservation techniques for the beeswax-applied Annals of Joseon Dynasty, the beeswax applying and dewaxing techniques of Hanji were tried by auto bar coater with a hot plate, and by heat-pressure sensitive extracting treatments. The ageing behaviors of beeswaxed Hanji and dewaxed Hanji were investigated by measuring the changes of physical, optical, morphological, and chemical properties, through accelerated ageing treatment in dry oven at $150^{\circ}C$ during 48 hours. Consequently, the ageing actions of beeswaxed Hanji were even faster than that of Hanji. The optimum dewaxed amounts from beeswaxed Hanji was also obtained in pressure of $40\;kg_f$ under heating conditions.

Optimal Organic Solvent Extraction Method for Dewaxing of Beeswax-treated Hanji (밀랍도포한지의 탈랍을 위한 최적 유기용매 추출기법 탐색)

  • Choi, Do-Chim;Choi, Eun-Yeon;Jo, Byoung-Muk;Cho, Byoung-Uk
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.50-57
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    • 2012
  • In this study, the beeswax extraction methods using organic solvents were examined to develop a optimal dewaxing technology for beeswax-treated Hanji. Thermally-aged beeswax-treated Hanji was dewaxed using four types of extraction methods including dipping, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic washing and shaking methods. Then, the aging stability of the dewaxed Hanji was evaluated in terms of variations in paper strength and in the color of the printed area with muk. The experimental results suggested that the dewaxing methods allowing solvent to flow during extraction showed superior extraction efficiency. The dipping method in which the organic solvent does not flow showed the slowest extraction rate of beeswax compared to three other methods. In terms of variations in tensile strength and folding endurance, however, no obvious differences in the aging stability were observed amongst these four extraction methods. Regarding the aging stability in terms of the color of the printed area with muk, Soxhlet extraction method showed the best performance of dewaxing.

Strengthening of De-waxed Paper by Methyl Cellulose (MC) and Its Preservability - Effect of Viscosity and Coating Ratio of MC - (메틸셀룰로오스에 의한 탈랍지의 강도보강처리 - 메틸셀룰오스 점도 및 도포율의 영향 -)

  • Choi, Kyoung-Hwa;Jeong, Hye Young;Cho, Byoung-Uk
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.47 no.6
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    • pp.130-138
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the strengthening treatment of methyl cellulose (MC) on properties and aging characteristics of the dewaxed papers during humid heating aging. Beeswax-treated Hanji was dewaxed by the supercritical fluid extraction method, and subsequently the strengthening treatment was performed with MCs having three different viscosities. MC was first applied by dipping a dewaxed paper into a MC solution whose concentration was controlled from 0.5% to 1.5%. After the strengthened papers were artificially aged at $80^{\circ}C$ and 65% RH, the changes in optical and mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated. The results show that viscosity and especially pick-up of MC influenced the strengthening efficiency and aging characteristics of dewaxed paper. Strength was increased with the MC coating weight; in addition, strengthening with MC improved preservability of the dewaxed paper. The optimum conditions for the strengthening with MC was found to be the coating ratio of 4% with 1500 cP MC.

Ageing Behavior of Beeswax Coated Hanji(I) - Thermal Ageing Test of Beeswax Coated Hanji - (밀랍지의 열화 거동 (제1보) - 열에 의한 밀랍지의 열화 -)

  • Kim, Kang-Jae;Eom, Tae-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2010
  • The annals of Joseon Dynasty has been known as one of the UNESCO's Memory of the World Heritage. The annals of Joseon Dynasty composed with two kind of books, wax coated book and non coated book. Especially the waxed book have been severely damaged by various reason. For the safety preservation of the annals of Joseon Dynasty waxed book, the thermal ageing mechanism of beeswax coated Hanji paper has been evaluated. The weight loss of waxed Hanji were rapidly increased until 30 days in three temperatures(105, 120 & $150^{\circ}C$) and stabilized after 30 days. The acid value and relative intensity of carbonyl groups in beeswax were increased with strong conditions. This means that the deterioration of beeswax should be progressed with oxidizing reaction. The physical strength and the crystallinity of dewaxed Hanji were decreased with ageing time.