• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

The development of Aphis gossypii was studied at various constant temperatures ranging from 15 to 35$^{\circ}C$, with 60-70％ RH, and photoperiod of 16：8 (L：D h). Mortality of A. gossypii was high in the early developmental stages, and at high temperatures. The total immature developmental period ranged from 4.6 to 11.5 days. The lower developmental threshold temperature and effective cumulated temperature for all immature stages were 5.0$^{\circ}C$ and 106.8 degree-day, respective. The nonlinear shape of temperature-dependent development was well described by the modified Sharpe and DeMichele model. The normalized cumulative frequency distributions of developmental period for each life stage were fitted to the three-parameter Weibull function.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.561-572
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• 2018

This study the awareness and the demands of the parents on the communication level for social participation of the youth with developmental disability were identified and investigated the relation on client's age, detection time of the condition, disability grades, handicapped types, speech therapy period. For the non-parametric test, Man-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed and for post-hoc test, Scheffe test was performed. The results of this study was that the significant difference was found in the awareness and the demand of the communication level of the youth with developmental disability according to the age of children, time of discovery, disability grade, type of disability and speech therapy period. In conclusion, the speech therapy for the youth with developmental disability should be made in the dimension of communication for the purpose of social participation. The follow-up research to emphasize the social support and the institutional backup will be required.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2013

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a member of the TGF-${\beta}$ (transforming growth factor-${\beta}$) family whose members play key roles in development, suppression of tumour growth, and feedback control of the pituitary-gonadal hormone axis. MIS is expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner in which it is restricted to male Sertoli cells and female granulose cells. The serum levels of MIS in prenatal and postnatal ICR mice were measured using the enzyme-linked immuno-solvent assay (ELISA) using the MIS/AMH antibody. Mice were grouped by age: the significant periods were at the onset of development. During sex organ differentiation, no remarkable difference between female and male foetus MIS serum levels (both<0.1 ng/ml) was observed. However, MIS serum levels in pregnant mice markedly changed (4.5~12.2 ng/ml). After birth, postnatal female and male mice serum MIS levels changed considerably (male: <0.1~138.5 ng/ml, female: 5.3~103.4 ng/ml), and the changing phase were diametrically opposed (male: decreasing, female: fluctuating). These findings suggest that MIS may have strong associations with not only develop-ment but also puberty. For further studies, establishing the standard MIS serum levels is of importance. Our study provides the basic information for the study of MIS interactions with reproductive organ disability, cancer, and the effect of other hormone or menopause. We hypothesise that if MIS is regularly injected into middle-age women, meno-pause will be delayed. We detected that serum MIS concentration curves change with age. The changing phase is different between males and females, and this difference is significant after birth. Moreover, MIS mRNA is expressed during the developmental period (prenatal) and also in the postnatal period. This finding indicates that MIS may play a significant role in the developmental stage and in growth after birth.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.373-379
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• 1993

The heat shock protein (HSP) genes are expressed at various stages of the Drosophila life cycle even under non-heat-shock conditions. In the present study, developmental changes of HSP23 gene expression and the role of 20-hydroxyecdysone (2OHE) on the HSP23 gene expression were investigated in Drosophila melanogaster. The Northern blot and Western blot analyses showed that HSP23 gene expression occurred at the early third instar larval stage, reached the highest with a sharp peak in the white prepupa, and then decreased throughout the pupal period. When the HSP23 gene expression was compared with the secretion of 20HE, there is a slmiladty between 20HE synthesis and HSP23 gene expression during the third instar larval-prepupal period. It appears that 2OHE regulates expression of HSP23 gene at larva-pupa molting period, and that, 2OHE is also involved in the control the metamorphosis in some part through the HSP23.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1007-1020
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• 2024

Objective: We increased the nuclear maturation rate of antral follicle derived oocytes by using a pre-in vitro maturation (IVM) culture system and improved the developmental potential of these porcine pathenotes by supplementing with melatonin. Furthermore, we investigated the expression patterns of genes involved in cumulus expansion (HAS2, PTGS2, TNFAIP6, and PTX3) derived from small and medium antral follicles before and after oocyte maturation. Methods: Only the cumulus oocyte-complexes (COCs) derived from small antral follicles were induced with [Pre-SF(+)hCG] or without [Pre-SF(-)hCG] the addition of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during the last 7 h of the pre-IVM period before undergoing the regular culture system. The mature oocytes were investigated on embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA). Melatonin (10^-7 M) was supplemented during in vitro culture (IVC) to improve the developmental potential of these porcine pathenotes. Results: A pre-IVM culture system with hCG added during the last 7 h of the pre-IVM period [Pre-SF(+)hCG] effectively supported small antral follicle-derived oocytes and increased their nuclear maturation rate. The oocytes derived from medium antral follicles exhibited the highest nuclear maturation rate in a regular culture system. Compared with oocytes cultured in a regular culture system, those cultured in the pre-IVM culture system exhibited considerable overexpression of HAS2, PTGS2, and TNFAIP6. Porcine embryos treated with melatonin during IVC exhibited markedly improved quality and developmental competence after PA. Notably, melatonin supplementation during the IVM period can reduce and increase the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the Pre-SF(+)hCG culture system increases the nuclear maturation rate of small antral follicle-derived oocytes and the expression of genes involved in cumulus expansion. Melatonin supplementation during IVC may improve the quality and increase the blastocyst formation rate of porcine embryos. In addition, it can reduce and increase the levels of ROS and GSH, respectively, in mature oocytes, thus affecting subsequent embryos.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2020

This study was carried out to obtain information on the developmental biology and the management of biological resources of the abalone Haliotis gigantea in Korea. The sex ratio (female:male) in the present study was 1:1.7 and the proportion of females was 36.6% (n=106/290). Their gonadal structures displayed definitive seasonal changes which were similar in pattern to the changes in the gonad index (GI). The GI showed a pattern of definitive seasonal changes in both males and females it was high in the fall and low in the spring. The reproductive cycle could be categorized into the following six stages: inactive, early active, late active, ripe, spent, and degenerative stage. Based on the monthly changes in GI and stages of gonadal development, October to November was determined to be the main spawning period for H. gigantea on Jeju Island, Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 1983

Currently changing trends of child health care is demand total health assessment of child including growth and development. This study concentrates on the growth & developmental status of low birth weight infant for help their growth & development. Thus it can be provide a direction for scientific health education and counseling materials by investigating factor of growth & development. The subjects for this study were made up of 40 low birth weight infant who attended the well baby clinic of E university Hospital. The study method used was a questionnaire ＆ anthropometric assessment and DDST for normative data of development. The period for data collection was from July 1st to August 31th, 1982. Analysis of the data was done using percentages, $\chi$$^2$-test Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results of study were as follows. 1. The mean weight of birth was 2,068gm and mean of gestational period was 35.65 weeks. 2. The age at which weight ; 32.5%, head circumference : 67,5% chest circumference : 55.0%, height : 50. 0％ was normal range of physical growth. 3. The reverse age at which social development ; 87.5%, fine motor & adaptive development ; 70.0%, gross motor development ; 72.5% of children Passed by DDST to determine of normal range of development. 4. In the among variables, it was found that the infant who were the higher emotional & verbal response of mother and stimulus environment was the more normal range of weight & development than who was not. 5. The stepwise Multiple Regression between developmental status and predictors-birth order, weight at birth, sex, antenatal care, gestational period-are accounts for 34.1%.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2021

The ascidian Halocynthia aurantium (sea peach), a marine invertebrate, belongs to the same genus of the phylum Chordata along with the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi (sea pineapple), which is one of the model animals in the field of developmental biology. The characteristics of development and reproduction of H. aurantium are not yet known in detail. In order to find out the spawning period of H. aurantium, we investigated development of the gonads during the annual reproductive cycle. Testis and ovary were both in the bisexual gonads (ovotestes) of H. aurantium, which is a hermaphrodite like H. roretzi. In H. aurantium, the right gonad was longer and slightly larger than the left gonad throughout the year. In each gonad, the number of the testis gonoducts was slightly higher than that of the ovary gonoducts. These features were similarly observed in H. roretzi. However, the number of the testis gonoducts and the ovary gonoducts in each gonad of H. aurantium was about half that of H. roretzi. The gonads of H. aurantium contracted during the winter and summer seasons. The gonads decreased to the smallest size around February, and then started to increase again in March. The gonads were most developed in September of the year. Therefore, it is estimated that the spawning of H. aurantium begins around this period.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.321-328
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• 2004

The effects of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the fourth instar larvae of Chironomus riparius were tested in the laboratory. Employing a waterreplacement exposure setup, chironomids were subjected to various concentrations. In the most treatments mortality reached a statistically significant difference from the control conditions. As DEHP concentrations were increased, the rates of emerged adults decreased. Sex ratio was unaffected with little deviation from a 1:1 relationship (except in 1 and $30\mu{g}\;L^{-1})$. The developmental stages was delayed at low concentration (0.3 and $1\mu{g}\;L^{-1})$. Generally the emergent period was different between males and females, and the first emergent day of males was faster than females. The body shape of female adults was larger than males. Differences between males and females were found in body volume, body length and body width. In addition, the body volume showed the significant difference between controls and treatments, and those especially well observed females.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 2001

This study argues the nature of the microgenetic method in respect to child development research and explores its merits and limitations. The microgenetic method focuses on observations that span the entire period from the beginning of developmental change to the time it reaches a relatively stable state. This produces a high density of observations relative to the rate of change in the phenomenon. In this way, observed behavior may be used in intensive trial-by-trial analysis. The microgenetic method is superior to other methods in the possibilities for observing developmental changes as they occur, examining various aspects of change, detecting variability in behavior, and flexibility in application regardless of theoretical perspectives. Limitations of this method include reliability problems due to repeated observations, artificiality relative to the natural situation, inconsistency of short-and long-term change, and demands on children's motivation for participation in research.