• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2014

The present study was conducted to establish an effect and a proper concentration for treatment with gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) and thidiazuron (TDZ), resulting with increase berry size and yield in Gaeryangmeoru grapes. Berry size was increased by treatment with $GA_3$, and the fruit clusters obtained for the groups treated with $GA_3$ concentrations of 100 and $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ were bigger. The berry number was also enhanced in $GA_3$ treated groups, but the soluble solid content and acidity was not significantly different. Damage caused by $GA_3$ treatment, such as peel pollination and berry shatter, was observed in the group with $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The berry size was larger in group treated with a high concentration of $GA_3$ and TDZ respectively than in those treated with low concentrations in the treatment mixed $GA_3$ and TDZ; however, fruit with low soluble solid content and high acidity was harvested after $GA_3$ and TDZ treatment due to delay of berry ripening. The pericarp tissue layers were not changed, but the distance from the epidermis layer to vascular bundle tissue was increased as a result of $GA_3$ and TDZ treatment. Therefore, $GA_3$ and TDZ did not affect an cell division but not cell size, resulting in an enlarged berry size. It is necessary to treat plant growth regulators 2~3 times and immediately after berry set to enhance berry set rate, because the period of berry set is short. This study suggests that the proper concentration for enhancing berry size and set were up to $100mg{\cdot}L^1$ $GA_3$ or $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}GA_3+1.25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ TDZ, and it is necessary to pay attention to harvest mature fruits because of the delay of ripening caused by the usage of TDZ.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.72-76
• /
• 2003

We investigated the effects of molting-hormone insecticide tebufenozide on fourth larvae of the midge C. flaviplumuon in growth development from fourth-instar to adult. Fourth-instar larvae were exposed test concentrations were chosen control, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$, 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$, 60 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$ and 100$\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$. In control and 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$, 10~20% individuals succeed adults while low emergence rates were observed surplus 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$. Death larvae appeared a various day along the concentration. We observed the converged day: control, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$, 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$ and 60~100 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$ were day 4 to day 18, day 13 to day 16, day 9 to day 17 and day 9 to day 15, respectively. Therefore we concerned a tendency that exposure concentration was high, death period was short. Also, due to molting hormone disruption, development of midge was postponed relatively low concentration such as 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$. The converged days of pupa stage revealed control, 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$, 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$ and 60~100$\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$ were day 11~15, day 16~20, day 9~15 and day 5~9, respectively. About 10% individuals grow up the pupa-stage in 60~100 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$ condition. Sex ratio of the emerged adults was not different in this study. Death pupae frequently appeared in day 13~16 in control, day 6~23 in 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$, day 13~16 in 30 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$ and day 6~16 in 60~100 $\mu\textrm{g}$$L^{-1}$.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.145-154
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the possibility of usage of freeze-dried ingredients for the preparation of Nabak kimchi. The quality characteristics of Nabak kimchi using freeze-dried ingredients (radish, kimchi cabbage, green onion, garlic and ginger) were monitored during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The initial pH of Nabak kimchi was 5.76~5.93, however, it decreased significantly over increasing storage periods (p<0.05). The titratable acidity of Nabak kimchi increased during storage, reaching 0.43~1.08%. Among the freeze-dried samples, those treated with freeze-dried radish and minor ingredients showed lower titratable acidity than that of the control. The initial number of total aerobic and lactic acid bacteria were 5.57~6.25, and 5.52~6.24 log CFU/g, respectively. After 28 days, the population of total aerobic and lactic acid bacteria in the raw ingredients and freeze-dried minor ingredients was less than 8.0 log CFU/g, but more than 9.0 log CFU/g in other samples. Yeasts and molds in Nabak kimchi were detected up to 2~3 log CFU/g, but coliforms were not detected in all samples during storage. The score of firmness and overall acceptability in the control, raw ingredients and freeze-dried minor ingredients were significantly higher than others (p<0.05). These results indicated that freeze-dried ingredients, such as green onion, garlic, and ginger, can be used in kimchi and would delay microbial growth and extend the shelf-life of kimchi without any deduction of sensory quality.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.697-723
• /
• 2022

Data-driven models to predict groundwater levels 30 days in advance were developed for 12 groundwater monitoring stations in the middle-Jeju watershed, Jeju Island. Stacked long short-term memory (stacked-LSTM), a deep learning technique suitable for time series forecasting, was used for model development. Daily time series data from 2001 to 2022 for precipitation, groundwater usage amount, and groundwater level were considered. Various models were proposed that used different combinations of the input data types and varying lengths of previous time series data for each input variable. A general procedure for deep-learning-based model development is suggested based on consideration of the comparative validation results of the tested models. A model using precipitation, groundwater usage amount, and previous groundwater level data as input variables outperformed any model neglecting one or more of these data categories. Using extended sequences of these past data improved the predictions, possibly owing to the long delay time between precipitation and groundwater recharge, which results from the deep groundwater level in Jeju Island. However, limiting the range of considered groundwater usage data that significantly affected the groundwater level fluctuation (rather than using all the groundwater usage data) improved the performance of the predictive model. The developed models can predict the future groundwater level based on the current amount of precipitation and groundwater use. Therefore, the models provide information on the soundness of the aquifer system, which will help to prepare management plans to maintain appropriate groundwater quantities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2008

There have been a lot of efforts to find more accurate evaluation methods for traffic signal control effectiveness for a long period of time. Nowadays a newly advanced method called HILSS, 'Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation System', is used to evaluate the overall traffic control's effectiveness including physical control environments like communication conditions, hardware performance, controller's mechanical operations and so on. In this study, an Online-HILSS model has been developed, which runs on CORSIM(5.0) micro traffic simulation model on-lined to COSMOS. For the verification of the model, three tests are performed as follows; (1) a comparison of TMC's timing plan with the simulated green interval, (2) as a case study, a delay distribution comparison of the online simulation with the CORSIM stand-alone simulation. The result of the first test shows that the model can run the simulation green interval by TMC's timing plan correctly. The result of second test shows that the online simulation of the model brings the same simulation results with the CORSIM offline simulation in case of the same timing plan. These results mean that the online evaluation model could be a reliable tool to measure a real-time signal control effectiveness of a wide area street network with the HILSS method.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.84-93
• /
• 2012

The information generated from large and complex construction projects transfer and evolve in long-term business cycle. Therefore, while there is any problem, such as delay, the cause of the problem might relate to the previous business process rather than where it arises. However, for complex project players and business relationships, it is unsuitable to search an information flow using traditional retrieval methods. This research addresses a relationship-based information search system to analyze the information flow in large-scale and complex construction projects. First, we identified the components of the information retrieval system customizing for a large-scale complex construction projects, and then developed the inference algorithm which define the relationship between business processes. For the validation, we applied the system on a business information system of urban regeneration projects and suggested some application using information flow retrieval system for project players and project managers. Using the system, players are easy to prepare for their work process and managers can define the causal flow of the problem.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.116-128
• /
• 2020

This study compared the delays of scramble crosswalks and general crosswalks, considering the pedestrian and vehicle traffic at intersections. Based on the signal theory, this study used traffic delays as a measure of feasibility of installing scramble crosswalks. The road structure and length of signal lights were assumed to be specific numbers to calculate the delays in vehicles and pedestrians. With the computed delays, this study compared general crosswalks and scramble crosswalks, and evaluated the feasibility sections on the installation of scramble crosswalks using circular and non-circular signal phases, respectively. The analysis confirmed that the introduction of scramble crosswalks might be more appropriate when the traffic ratio on the main roads is high. In addition, the application of non-circular signal phases is more proper for the operation of scramble crosswalks than circular signal phases. In the non-circular signaling system, however, it was shown that diagonal crosswalks might not be practical if the demand for diagonal crossing is too low. These results are expected to contribute to the development of basic guidelines for assessing the installment feasibility of scramble crosswalks in terms of traffic operation and efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.77-90
• /
• 2002

Network expansion has been an inevitable method for most traffic equilibrium assignments to consider intersection movements such as intersection delays. The drawback of network expansion is that because it dramatically increases network sizes to emulate possible directional movements as corresponding links, not only is complexities for building network amplified, but computational performance is shrunk. This paper Proposes a new variational inequality formulation for a user-optimal traffic equilibrium assignment model to explicitly consider directional delays without building expanded network structures. In the formulation, directional delay functions are directly embedded into the objective function, thus any modification of networks is not required. By applying a vine-based shortest Path algorithm into the diagonalization algorithm to solve the problem, it is additionally demonstrated that various loop-related movements such as U-Turn, P-Turn, etc., which are frequently witnessed near urban intersections, can also be imitated by blocking some turning movements of intersections. The proposed formulation expects to augment computational performance through reduction of network-building complexities.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.411-415
• /
• 2002

We compared the hypoglycemic effects of Ginseng Radix Alba (GRA) and Mori Folium (MF) in multiple low dose (MLD) streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In order to induce hyperglycemic state 25 mg/kg of STZ was injected intraperitoneally for 5 consecutive days. SD rats were randomly divided into diabetic control and treatment groups. Treatment groups were administered with either 500 mg/kg of GRA (G500), 500 mg/kg of MF (M500), or 250 mg/kg of GRA mixed with same dose of MF (GM250) for 3 weeks. Blood glucose level and body weight were measured every 5th day. G500 and M500 both significantly reduced blood glucose levels as compared to the diabetic control group (diabetic control, 458.3$\pm$25.4 mg/dl; G500, 275.0$\pm$12.0; M500, 278.0$\pm$15.4; GM250, 324.0$\pm$18.4). While body weight in diabetic control group was decreased slightly after 3 weeks, treatment groups showed gradual increases of body weight during 3 week-period. Plasma insulin level was increased by treatment with GRA, but those levels in M500 and GM250 groups were similar to the diabetic control (normal control, 32.0$\pm$13.9 $\mu$IU/mι; diabetic control, 12.4$\pm$1.9; G500, 17.5$\pm$3.4; M500, 11.1$\pm$3.2; GM250, 10.5$\pm$t3.7). Urine glucose levels were also remarkably reduced in all treatment groups (normal control, 0.0$\pm$0.0 g/day; diabetic control, 11.4$\pm$2.5; G500, 4.9$\pm$0.2; M500, 5.7$\pm$1.6 ; GM250, 8.2$\pm$0.2). At the second and third week of the treatment, food and water intakes were determined. At the third week, food and water intakes were significantly decreased in all treatment groups. Taken together, we may conclude that GRA and MF alone may prevent or delay the development of hyperglycemia, however, synergistic hypoglycemic activity was not be seen in group treated with mixed formula of GRA and MF when compared to GRA or MF alone.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 1998

p62 is a novel cytoplsmic protein that binds to SH2 domain of p56$^{lck}$, lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase, and the expression of p62 was observed in most tissues. In addition p62 interacts with various proteins including ubiquitin and atypical PKC isoform, indicating its diverse biological role in different tissues. However, little is known about functional connection between p62 and its binding proteins. In the present study, a novel cellular protein, p62 has been shown to bind to 14-3-3 $\tau$ isoform that is specific for T cells. Moreover, overexpression of p62 in T cells caused to delay onset of UV-induced apoptosis characterized by DNA fragmentation and breakdown of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Lately, 14-3-3 proteins have been shown to mediate survival signal via interacting proapoptotic Bad protein in the Iymphocyte. These results suggested the presence of p62-mediated regulatory mechanism during apoptosis in T cells, in which activation-induced apoptotic signal could be interfered by p62 and 14-3-3 protein.n.