• World Technopolis Review
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2012

As reflected in the title, the main objective of the paper is to explore an appropriate approach to promote technological innovation for developing countries. Aiming to this goal, the paper studies three main innovation system approaches, whose implantation is being attempted in developing countries: first, national innovation systems (NIS), which was developed in OECD countries; second, the system of innovation for development (SID), which is a concept that tries to adapt NIS to developing countries; and third, inclusive innovation which is a pro-poor innovation system. Based on the strengths and the weaknesses of each concept and their potential adaptation in developing countries, the paper proposes an integrated approach of innovation system for developing countries. Compared to developed countries, the concept of innovation system in developing countries should be more complex because it involves not only the formal sector such as enterprises, universities, research institutes, government, and financial system but it also involves NGOs, informal companies, grassroots inventors, local and indigenous knowledge, etc. The last part of the paper discusses the ideas that innovation stakeholders in developing countries can use to promote their proper innovation system.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

Construction delay is one of the basic constrains to achieve the project objectives in developing countries. This study aims to find the causes and effects of construction delays in developing countries. A thorough literature review has been done following the content analysis method. The relevant literature of 28 developing countries was collected from the scholarly journals published in the period of 2006 to 2016. The different developing countries are grouped into three geographic regions, i.e. South and Southeast Asia, Middle East, and Africa. In these regions, total 53 potential causes of delay under 8 major groups are identified. Frequency and ranking of these factors have been done. The factors, delay in progress payment by owner, contractors' cash flow problem, improper planning and scheduling, poor site management, and change order by owner during construction, are acknowledged as critical causes of delay in developing countries. This study will assist both academic and professional experts providing more insight about the construction delays and project management in developing countries.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.169-191
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• 2012

This review paper describes the ambient air PAH concentrations in different developing Asian countries, including China, Afghanistan, India, Malaysia, Turkey, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Cambodia. In this study, more than 75 research papers published in the English literature were reviewed with respect to the seasonal and locational concentrations of PAHs in each of 9 different Asian countries. This study compared, discussed and tabulated the PAH concentrations in developing Asian countries over a one decade (2000-2011) period. The PAH concentrations measured in developing countries highlights the necessity to improve the air quality in those countries. Compared to the developed nations in Asia, developing countries are almost one decade away from implementing environmental policies, such as Euro standards. This review discusses the reasons for the high PAH concentrations in developing nations particularly in China and India. Based on the literature available, some suggestions are made to reduce the concentrations of PAHs in the ambient air of developing nations. The total data obtained from the literature survey is tabulated and presented as supplementary information at the end of the manuscript.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.18-33
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper investigated the effect of international trade affects income inequality. It also compares the different effects between developing and developed countries over the period from 2005 to 2014 for 58 countries. Design/methodology - The econometric estimation was used to identify the relationship between export, import, FDI, GDP, unemployment and income inequality. In this empirical analysis, we utilized a Vector Error Correction (VEC) model using panel data. Findings - The findings show that there is a close correlated between trade and income inequality. The higher export ratio of GDP tends to have a 1.79 times more income inequality in developing countries than in developed countries. The higher import ratio of GDP tends to have a 2.44 times higher income inequality in developing countries than in developed countries. Further, Increasing FDI tend to have an approximately 1.43 times higher income inequality in developing countries than in developed countries. Korea is in the middle of developed and developing countries' result. Originality/value - To correct the global income inequality regarding trade, developed countries' proactive trade policies, such as granting preferential tariff benefits to developing countries, are likely to be needed and Income Safety Net in international trade must be taken into account.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.56-61
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• 2014

Standing in front of the huge benefits that shipping industry brings about in economy, politics and society of a country, many countries, especially the developing countries have strived hard to invest and develop their shipping industry (if any) by many methods such as economic reform act, tax allowance or even raising capital from domestic and foreign resources which seems very difficult to implement in the 21st century. According to analysis of A. Gerschenkron - a Russian economic historian at around 60 years ago, developing countries, who regarded shipping as an industry of strategic value with multi-dimensional affects for economic development, had utilized their backward advantages and imported modern technology, capital and skillful labor from more advanced countries in the course of fast industrialization in their countries. In fact, Gerschenkron model has applied in shipping industry of many backward countries. Korea's industrialization in shipping analyzed by Tae-Woo Lee (1996) could considered as a good example, in which the country makes use of policies on capital of tonnage finance, ideology, labor management in order to develop the industry. In this paper, the authors try to find the applicability of the Gerschenkron model to the shipping industry in developing countries, especially in Vietnam. And some questions which are necessary for the author's next paper about developing strategies to shipping industry in developing countries will be asked.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 1994

The choice of economic development over environmental protection has been used to explain the decline in the quality of the environment in developing countries. The authors reject this explanation and propose a theory of negligence to explain this decline. They point to the advantages of environmental impact assessments in dealing with the problem of negligence and presents case studies from four countries. Organizational models for Environmental Impact Assessments in Developing Countries are proposed as useful policy measures.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.91-115
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• 2018

This paper aims to identify the most effective mode of development finance flows for the economic growth of middle-income developing and least developed countries, separately. It also attempts to confirm whether governance has any significant role in the causal relationship between development finance flows and economic growth. Policymakers in each developing country should select the most effective modality of development finance inflows among the different modalities (such as Official Development Assistance (ODA) grants, Official Development Assistance (ODA) loans, FDI, and international personal remittances) and expand it for their economic growth. Dynamic panel regression models were used on 48 least developed countries and 89 middle-income developing countries, respectively, during the Millennium Development Era: 2000-2015. The empirical analysis results show that ODA grants and remittances were most effective in promoting economic growth for least developed countries, while FDI was most effective for middle-income developing countries. These findings were not affected by the status of governance of the individual country.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2017

개도국에서 비용-효율적인 LTE (Long Term Evolution) 망을 구축하기 위해서는 선진국 위주의 설계 및 구축방식과는 차별화 된 LTE 기술 분석과 적용이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 LTE 망 설계 및 구축과 연관된 개도국의 특성을 파악하고, 효율적인 망 구축을 위해 필요한 요구사항 및 적용기술에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 향후 개도국에서 LTE 망 구축 시 참고할 수 있도록, 한국의 통신 A사가 LTE 구축 및 컨설팅에 참여한 실제 개도국 사례를 통해 여러 적용기술에 대한 평가결과를 제시하였다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제8권spc1호
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• pp.297-322
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• 2005

많은 개발도상국들이 경제발전을 위한 전략산업으로 소프트웨어산업을 채택하고 있다. 그리고 오픈 소스 소프트웨어(open source software: OSS)가 소프트웨어 개발을 위한 하나의 대안으로 떠오르면서 OSS를 개발도상국의 소프트웨어 산업 발전을 위한 하나의 전략으로 보는 시각도 등장하고 있다. 이들 개발도상국은 OSS가 소프트웨어산업 발전과 국가경쟁력 강화의 기반으로 인식하고 있다. 소프트웨어산업을 경제발전의 토대로 발전시키기 위해서는 소프트웨어 생산을 위한 기술능력 확보와 강화가 중요하다. OSS는 소프트웨어 개발비용 절감은 물론이고 소프트웨어 기술능력을 증진시키기 위한 기술혁신의 도구로 활용될 수 있다. OSS를 통한 비즈니스 모델은 소프트웨어 판매가 아니라 지원과 서비스이다. 개발도상국들은 OSS 육성정책을 기술인력 양성을 중심으로 추진할 수 있다. 이를 통해 소프트웨어산업 전반의 기술능력을 향상시키고 기술인력을 육성하고 활용할 수 있다. 본 논문은 한국이 OSS를 통해 개발도상국의 소프트웨어산업 발전에 어떻게 기여할 수 있으며, 한국 소프트웨어산업의 해외시장 진출 전략에 어떤 시사점을 주는지 분석할 것이다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2022

International remittances play a crucial role in the economic management of each country, especially in developing countries. Its functions are diverse, including procurement of foreign currency, serving as a cushion for the balance of payments and foreign exchange reserves by reducing the adverse external shocks, driving economic growth, easing the gap between the rich and the poor, and maintaining macroeconomic stability. However, previous studies on remittances have mainly focused on macro-and micro-economic aspects to analyze the determinants. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the determinants of remittances in 122 countries over the past 25 years from macroeconomic and educational aspects as well as institutional qualities. In addition, given the fact that almost all of the world's top 10 recipient countries in terms of GDP and total remittance size are developing countries, developed and developing countries are separated and analyzed for comparison, assuming that there may be a difference between the two groups. Results show that the coefficients of developed and developing countries are different in four areas: Control of Corruption (CC), Rule of Law (RL), Voice and Accountability (VA), and Regulatory Quality (RQ) among the six institutional variables of interest in this study. These results implicate that even the same institutions and policies should be applied and implemented differently depending on the circumstances of each country. In addition, as suggested by the World Bank, policymakers in all countries should double their policy efforts to lower the costs of remittance and improve access to the financial system for immigrants or dispatched workers to ensure a steady inflow of remittances.