Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.6106/JCEPM.2017.3.30.001

Construction Delays in Developing Countries: A Review  

Islam, Muhammad Saiful
Trigunarsyah, Bambang
Publication Information
Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management / v.7, no.1, 2017 , pp. 1-12 More about this Journal
Abstract
Construction delay is one of the basic constrains to achieve the project objectives in developing countries. This study aims to find the causes and effects of construction delays in developing countries. A thorough literature review has been done following the content analysis method. The relevant literature of 28 developing countries was collected from the scholarly journals published in the period of 2006 to 2016. The different developing countries are grouped into three geographic regions, i.e. South and Southeast Asia, Middle East, and Africa. In these regions, total 53 potential causes of delay under 8 major groups are identified. Frequency and ranking of these factors have been done. The factors, delay in progress payment by owner, contractors' cash flow problem, improper planning and scheduling, poor site management, and change order by owner during construction, are acknowledged as critical causes of delay in developing countries. This study will assist both academic and professional experts providing more insight about the construction delays and project management in developing countries.
Keywords
Construction delay; Critical causes; Developing countries; Project management;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 B. C. Semple, F. T. Hartman, and G. Jergeas, "Construction Claims and Diputes: Causes and Cost/Time Overruns," J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 120, no. 4, pp. 785-795, 1995.   DOI
2 M. S. Islam, B. Trigunarsyah, M. Hassanain, and S. Assaf, "Causes of delay in construction projects in Bangladesh," in The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management (ICCEPM 2015), 2015, vol. 6, pp. 82-86.
3 A. Al-Momani, "Construction delay: a quantitative analysis," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 18, pp. 51-59, 2000.   DOI
4 S. A. Assaf and S. Al-Hejji, "Causes of delay in large construction projects," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 24, pp. 349-357, 2006.   DOI
5 M. A. Berawi, A. R. Berawi, O. Mohamed, M. Othman, and I. A. Yahya, "Delay Mitigation in the Malaysian Construction Industry," J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 132, no. 2, pp. 125-133, 2006.   DOI
6 M. A. Salam, H. J. Staines, D. J. Blackwood, and S. Sarkar, "Analysis of the Relationships Between Causes of Delay in Construction Projects in Bangladesh," in 17th Annual ARCOM Conference, 5-7 September, 2001, vol. 1, no. September, pp. 619-28.
7 S. Assaf, M. Al-Khalil, and M. Al-Hazmi, "Causes of Delay in Large Building Construction Projects," J. Manag. Eng., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 45-50, 1995.   DOI
8 O. Dosumu and R. Iyagba, "An Appraisal of Factors Responsible for Errors in Nigerian Construction," Ethiop. J. Environ. Stud. Manag., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 49-57, 2013.
9 A. Memon, I. Rahman, M. Abdullah, and A. Azis, "Factors affecting construction cost in Mara large construction project: perspective of project management consultant," Int. J. Sustain. Constr. Eng. Technol., vol. 1, no. 2, 2011.
10 A. Omoregie and D. Radford, "Infrastructure Delays and Cost Escalation: Causes and Effects in Nigeria.," in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Postgraduate Research, Netherlands, pp. 79-93.
11 A. A. Salunkhe and R. S. Patil, "Effect of Construction Delays on Project Time Overrun : Indian Scenario," Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 543-547, 2014.
12 B.-G. Hwang, X. Zhao, and S. Y. Ng, "Identifying the critical factors affecting schedule performance of public housing projects," Habitat Int., vol. 38, pp. 214-221, Apr. 2013.   DOI
13 M. Gunduz, D. Ph, A. M. Asce, Y. Nielsen, and M. Ozdemir, "Fuzzy Assessment Model to Estimate the Probability of Delay in Turkish Construction Projects," J. Manag. Eng., pp. 1-14, 2013.
14 M. R. Manavazhi and D. K. Adhikari, "Material and equipment procurement delays in highway projects in Nepal," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 20, pp. 627-632, 2002.   DOI
15 C. . Lim and M. Z. Mohamed, "An exploratory study into recurring construction problems," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 267-273, Aug. 2000.   DOI
16 A. Enshassi, J. Al-najjar, and M. Kumaraswamy, "Delays and cost overruns in the construction projects in the Gaza Strip," J. Financ. Manag. Prop. Constr., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 126-151, 2009.   DOI
17 T. free E. Wikipedia, "Foreign Workers in Middle East." 2016.
18 F. T. J. Malit and A. Al Youha, "Labor Migration in the United Arab Emirates: Challenges and Responses," Migration Information Source. 2013.
19 L. Yi, "The Expansion of Chinese Construction Companies in the Global Market," University of Kansas School of Engineering, 2011.
20 A. R. A. Hamid, B. Singh, and M. A. Jamadi, "Foreign Labour Employment in Construction Project," Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ., vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 1-7, 2013.
21 C. Ramanathan, S. Narayanan, and A. Idrus, "Construction delays causing risks on time and cost-a critical review," Aust. J. Constr. Econ. Build., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 37-57, 2012.
22 H. Doloi, A. Sawhney, K. Iyer, and S. Rentala, "Analysing factors affecting delays in Indian construction projects," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 479-489, 2012.   DOI
23 M. Haseeb, Xinhai-Lu, A. Bibi, Maloof-ud-Dyiian, and R. Wahab, "Problems of Projects and Effects of Delays in the Construction Industry of Pakistan," Aust. J. Bus. Manag. Res., vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 41-50, 2011.
24 M. Kesavan, N.N.Gobidan, and P.B.G.Dissanayake, "Causes of Delays in Sri Lankan Building Construction Projects," in iPURSE 2015, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2015, no. 5-6 Nov.
25 W. Alaghbari, M. R. a. Kadir, and A. Salim, "The significant factors causing delay of building construction projects in Malaysia," Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 192-206, 2007.   DOI
26 I. A. Rahman, A. Memon, and A. T. Karim, "Significant Factors Causing Cost Overruns in Large Construction Projects in Malaysia," J. Appl. Sci., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 286-293, 2013.   DOI
27 N. Mansfield, O. Ugwu, and T. Doran, "Causes of delay and cost overruns in Nigerian construction projects," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 254-260, Nov. 1994.   DOI
28 A. Hameed, I. Abdul, N. Yasmin, and T. Abd, "Social and Web-based Risk Assessment Technique for Time and Cost Overrun ( WRATTCO ) - A Framework," in International Conference on Innovation, Management and Technology Research, Malaysia, 22-23 September, 2013, vol. 00, pp. 1-7.
29 T. Nawaz, N. A. Shareef, and A. A. Ikram, "Cost Performance in Construction Industry of Pakistan," Ind. Eng. Lett., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 19-34, 2013.
30 S. Mitra and A. W. K. Tan, "Lessons learned from large construction project in Saudi Arabia," Benchmarking An Int. J., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 308-324, 2012.   DOI
31 D. W. Chan and M. M. Kumaraswamy, "A comparative study of causes of time overruns in Hong Kong construction projects," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 55-63, Feb. 1997.   DOI
32 T. K. Mbiti, N. Blismas, R. Wakefield, and R. Lombardo, "System archetypes underlying the problematic behaviour of construction activity in Kenya," Constr. Manag. Econ., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 3-13, Jan. 2011.   DOI
33 A. M. Jarkas, S. A. Mubarak, and C. Y. Kadri, "Critical Factors Determining Bid / No Bid Decisions of Contractors in Qatar," J. Manag. Eng., 2013.
34 Z. Zakaria, S. Ismail, and A. Yusof, "Cause and Impact of Dispute and Delay the Closing of Final Account in Malaysia Construction Industry," J. Southeast Asian Res., vol. 2012, pp. 1-12, Jun. 2013.
35 R. M. Choudhry, M. A. Aslam, J. W. Hinze, and F. M. Arain, "Cost and Schedule Risk Analysis of Bridge Construction in Pakistan : Establishing Risk Guidelines," J. Constr. Eng. Manag., 2014.
36 K. Ahsan and I. Gunawan, "Analysis of cost and schedule performance of international development projects," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 68-78, Jan. 2010.   DOI
37 B. Honig, "Identifying the Important Causes of Delays in Building Construction Projects," in The 9th East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, Bali, Indonesia, 2003, vol. 18.
38 S.-U.-R. Toor and S. Ogunlana, "Problems causing delays in major construction projects in Thailand," Constr. Manag. Econ., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 395-408, 2008.   DOI
39 K. Gidado and G. Niazai, "Causes of project delay in the construction industry in Afghanistan," in EPPM 2012, University of Brighton, UK, 10-11th September, 2012, pp. 63-74.
40 L. Le-Hoai, Y. D. Lee, and J. Y. Lee, "Delay and cost overruns in Vietnam large construction projects: A comparison with other selected countries," KSCE J. Civ. Eng., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 367-377, Nov. 2008.   DOI
41 N. Long, S. Ogunlana, T. Quang, and K. Lam, "Large construction projects in developing countries: a case study from Vietnam," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 22, pp. 553-561, 2004.   DOI
42 R. Mizanur, L. Y. Dai, and H. D. Khanh, "Investigating Main Causes for Schedule Delay in Construction Projects in Bangladesh," KICEM J. Constr. Eng. Proj. Manag., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 33-46, 2014.
43 M. S. Islam, B. Trigunarsyah, M. Hassanain, and S. Assaf, "Causes of delay in construction projects in Bangladesh," in The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management (ICCEPM 2015), 2015, no. 11-14 October.
44 J.-B. Yang, C.-C. Yang, and C.-K. Kao, "Evaluating schedule delay causes for private participating public construction works under the Build-Operate-Transfer model," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 569-579, Aug. 2010.   DOI
45 G. Sweis, R. Sweis, A. Hammad, and A. Shboul, "Delays in construction projects : The case of Jordan," vol. 26, pp. 665-674, 2008.   DOI
46 H. M. Al-Tabtabai, "Causes for Delays in Construction Projects in Kuwait," Eng. J. Univ. Qatar, vol. 15, pp. 19-37, 2002.
47 P. a. Koushki, K. Al-Rashid, and N. Kartam, "Delays and cost increases in the construction of private residential projects in Kuwait," Constr. Manag. Econ., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 285-294, Mar. 2005.   DOI
48 E. Asnaashari, A. Knight, A. Hurst, and S. S. Farahani, "Causes of Construction Delays in Iran: Project Management, Logistics, Technology and Environment," in 25th Annual ARCOM Conference, 7-9 September 2009, Nottingham, UK, 2009, no. September, pp. 897-906.
49 T. Pourrostam and A. Ismail, "Causes and Effects of Delay in Iranian Construction Projects," Int. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 598-601, 2012.   DOI
50 A. Tarhini, M. Fakih, M. Arzoky, and T. Tarhini, "Designing Guidelines to Discover Causes of Delays in Construction Projects: The Case of Lebanon," Int. Bus. Res., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 73-88, 2015.
51 A. M. Jarkas and J. H. Younes, "Principal Factors Contributing to Construction Delays in the Sate of Qatar," Int. J. Constr. Proj. Manag., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 41-62, 2015.
52 I. Mahamid, "Contributors to Schedule Delays in Public Construction Projects in Saudi Arabia: Owners' Perspective," J. Constr. Proj. Manag. Innov., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 608-619, 2013.
53 O. Motaleb and M. Kishk, "An Investigation into Causes and Effects of Construction Delays in UAE," in Proceeding of 26th Annual ARCOM Conference, 6-8 September 2010, Leeds, UK, 2010, pp. 1149-1157.
54 A. Faridi and S. El-Sayegh, "Significant factors causing delay in the UAE construction industry," Constr. Manag. Econ., vol. 24, no. November, pp. 1167-1176, 2006.   DOI
55 G. A. Bekr, "Causes of delay in public construction projects in Iraq," Jordan J. Civ. Eng., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 149-162, 2015.
56 A. S. Alnuaimi and M. a Al Mohsin, "Causes of Delay in Completion of Construction Projects in Oman," in International Conference on Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICIET'2013), 2013, vol. 99231200, pp. 267-270.
57 M. E. A. El-Razek, H. A. Bassioni, and A. M. Mobarak, "Causes of Delay in Building Construction Projects in Egypt," J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 134, no. 11, pp. 831-841, 2008.   DOI
58 M. M. Marzouk and T. I. El-Rasas, "Analyzing delay causes in Egyptian construction projects," J. Adv. Res., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 49-55, Jan. 2014.   DOI
59 R. F. Aziz, "Ranking of delay factors in construction projects after Egyptian revolution," Alexandria Eng. J., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 387-406, Sep. 2013.   DOI
60 H. Tumi, O. A, Abdul, and Pakir, "Causes of Delay in Construction Idustry in Libya," in The International Conference on Economics and Administration, Faculty of Administration and Business, University of Bucharest, Romania, 14-15th November, 2009, no. November, pp. 265-272.
61 F. D. K. Fugar and A. B. Agyakwah-baah, "Delays in Building Construction Projects in Ghana," Aust. J. Constr. Econ. Build., vol. 10, no. 1/2, pp. 103-116, 2010.
62 C. Lee, "The causes and effects of project delays in the coal mining industry in South Africa," Masters Bus. Leadersh. UNISA, South Africa, 2011.
63 G. Kikwasi, "Causes and effects of delays and disruptions in construction projects in Tanzania," Australas. J. Constr. Econ. ..., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 52-59, 2013.
64 W. D. Mukuka, M. J., Aigbavboa, C. O., Thwala, "Construction professionals' perception on the causes and effects of project delay in Lusaka, Zambia.," in SB13 Southern Africa Conference: Creating a Resilient and Regenerative Built Environment, 2013, pp. 233-242.
65 C. Kaliba, M. Muya, and K. Mumba, "Cost escalation and schedule delays in road construction projects in Zambia," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 522-531, 2009.   DOI
66 J. Bin Yang, C. C. Yang, and C. K. Kao, "Evaluating schedule delay causes for private participating public construction works under the Build-Operate-Transfer model," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 569-579, 2010.   DOI
67 K. P. Siddesh and J. R. Bharath, "Analysis Of Critical Causes Of Delays In Indian Infrastructure Projects," Int. J. Innov. Res. Dev., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 251-263, 2013.
68 Z. Shehu, I. R. Endut, and A. Akintoye, "Factors contributing to project time and hence cost overrun in the Malaysian construction industry," Financ. Manag. Prop. Constr., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 55-75, 2014.
69 M. Sambasivan and Y. W. Soon, "Causes and effects of delays in Malaysian construction industry," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 517-526, Jul. 2007.   DOI
70 R. M. Choudhry, M. A. Aslam, J. W. Hinze, and F. M. Arain, "Cost and Schedule Risk Analysis of Bridge Construction in Pakistan: Establishing Risk Guidelines," J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 140, no. 7, p. 4014020, 2014.   DOI
71 S.-U.-R. Toor and S. Ogunlana, "Problems causing delays in major construction projects in Thailand," Constr. Manag. Econ., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 395-408, 2008.   DOI
72 S. Y. Kim, K. N. Tuan, and V. T. Luu, "Delay factor analysis for hospital projects in Vietnam," KSCE J. Civ. Eng., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 519-529, 2016.   DOI
73 H. Samarghandi, S. Mohammad, M. Tabatabaei, A. Mirhashemi, and K. Willoughby, "Studying the Reasons for Delay and Cost Overrun in Construction Projects : The Case of Iran," J. Constr. Dev. Ctries., vol. Early View, 2016.
74 I. Mahamid, "Risk matrix for factors affecting time delay in road construction projects: owners' perspective," Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 609-617, 2011.   DOI
75 C. T. Amoatey, Y. A. Ameyaw, E. Adaku, and S. Famiyeh, "Analysing delay causes and effects in Ghanaian state housing construction projects," Int. J. Manag. Proj. Bus., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 198-214, 2015.   DOI
76 K. Mohammed and A. Isah, "Causes of Delay in Nigeria Construction Industry," Interdiscip. J. Constr. Res. Bus., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 785-795, 2012.
77 A. A. Aibinu and H. A. Odeyinka, "Construction Delays and Their Causative Factors in Nigeria," J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 132, no. 7, pp. 667-677, 2006.   DOI
78 N. T. Adugna, "A study of causes of delay and cost overrun in office construction projects in the eThekwini Municipal Area , South Africa," Durban University of Technology (DUT), 2015.
79 R. Apolot and D. Tindiwensi, "Investigation into the Causes of Delays and Cost Overruns in Uganda ' s Public Sector Construction Projects," J. Constr. Dev. Ctries., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 33-47, 2013.
80 A. Odeh and H. Battaineh, "Causes of construction delay: traditional contracts," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 67-73, 2002.   DOI
81 A. Kazaz, S. Ulubeyli, and T. Nihan, "Causes of Delays in Construction Projects in Turkey," J. Civ. Eng. Manag., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 426-435, 2012.   DOI
82 T. M. Mezher and W. Tawil, "Causes of delays in the construction industry in Lebanon," Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 252-260, Sep. 1998.   DOI
83 Y. Frimpong, J. Oluwoye, and L. Crawford, "Causes of delay and cost overruns in construction of groundwater projects in a developing countries; Ghana as a case study," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 321-326, Jul. 2003.   DOI
84 a. . Aibinu and G. . Jagboro, "The effects of construction delays on project delivery in Nigerian construction industry," Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 593-599, Nov. 2002.   DOI
85 N. Ejaz, I. Ali, and M. F. Tahir, "Assessment of delays and cost overruns during construction projects in Pakistan," in International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management, 2011.
86 A. Enshassi and Z. Modough, "Case Studies in Awarding the Lowest Bid Price in Construction Projects Literature review," IUG J. Nat. Eng. Stud., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 113-137, 2012.
87 I. Mahamid, A. Bruland, and N. Dmaidi, "Causes of Delay in Road Construction Projects," J. Manag. Eng., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 300-310, 2012.   DOI
88 M. T. Al Nahyan, A. S. Sohal, B. N. Fildes, and Y. E. Hawas, "Transportation infrastructure development in the UAE: Stakeholder perspectives on management practice," Constr. Innov. Information, Process. Manag., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 492-514, 2012.
89 S. Pal and P. Nagrale, "Analysis of Delay due to Material Supply by Tower Crane at different Height of High Rise Buildings in Mumbai," IOSR J. Eng., vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 19-26, Nov. 2013.
90 M. S. Islam, "Causes of Schedule Delays in Large Building Construction Projects in Bangladesh," 2014.
91 R. Apolot, H. Alinaitwe, and D. Tindiwensi, "An Investigation into the Causes of Delay and Cost Overrun in Uganda ' s Public Sector Construction Projects," Second Int. Conf. Adv. Eng. Technol., pp. 305-311, 2011.
92 A. H. Memon, I. A. Rahman, and A. A. A. Aziz, "The cause factors of large project's cost overrun: A survey in the southern part of peninsular Malaysia," Int. J. Real Estate Stud., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1-15, 2012.
93 P. Ghoddousi and M. R. Hosseini, "A survey of the factors affecting the productivity of construction projects in Iran," Technol. Econ. Dev. Econ., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 99-116, Mar. 2012.   DOI
94 S. Sorooshian, "Delay-based Reliability Analysis on Construction Projects," Life Sci. J., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 104-113, 2014.
95 A. M. Gunduz, Murat, Y. Nielsen, and M. Ozdemir, "Quantification of Delay Factors Using the Relative Importance Index Method for Construction Projects in Turkey," J. Manag. Eng., no. April, pp. 133-139, 2013.
96 A. R. Bin Ibrahim, M. H. Roy, Z. Ahmed, and G. Imtiaz, "An investigation of the status of the Malaysian construction industry," Benchmarking An Int. J., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 294-308, 2010.   DOI