• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.178-187
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• 2019

This study was to identify the effect of resilience on academic burnout of nursing students. The participants were 300 students of nursing college located in C do, Korea through a questionnaire. Data were collected from November 1 to 16, 2018. The collected data were complied using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 statistic program with Paired t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation coefficient, Multiple Regression. The results were as follows. The mean scores were resilience $61.40({\pm}12.96)$, academic burnout $41.49({\pm}7.50)$ and a statistically significant relationship between resilience and academic burnout (r=-.512, ${\rho}<.001$). Multiple regression analysis revealed that academic burnout of nursing students was significantly affected by satisfaction of nursing major(${\beta}=.380$, ${\rho}<.001$), health status(${\beta}=.171$, ${\rho}=.040$), resilience(${\beta}=-.333$, ${\rho}<.001$) and The coefficient of determination for these factors, $R^2$ showed an explanation force of 41.0%. Resilience was associated with lower levels of academic burnout. These findings suggest that it is necessary to develop a nursing educational program in order to recognize the importance of developing resilience and to manage the academic burnout.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.673-686
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• 2018

The physical properties of rocks constituting the rock mass were analyzed by using various methods such as 7 kinds of physical properties of about 2,400 data. The correlation equation was derived from the correlation equation with the dependent variables by screening independent variables through the significance level using multiple regression analysis. In order to verify the reliability of this equation, verification was performed through comparison with actual data using artificial neural network learning. The analysis results by petrogenesis and strength confirmed that the elastic wave velocity (compressional wave) and elastic modulus as the main influence factors for the independent variables affecting the dependent variables. This proves that most of the correlation equations using the above items are found in existing studies. And through this study, it is confirmed whether the rock classification is based on the above items in various standards. In addition, the analysis results of representative rocks showed a high correlation as the equation for estimating unconfined compressive strength and elastic modulus exceeds the coefficient of determination 0.8.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

This study investigated the effects of various inorganic anions($Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $HCO_3{^-}$) on the Methyl tert Butyl Ether(MTBE) degradation by photocatalysis using statistical method. Generally, this process in general demands the generation of hydroxyl radicals(OH radical) in solution in the presence of UV light. The generation of radicals were affected by inorganic anions in solution that inhibited the photodegradation by their trapping hydroxyl radicals. The effects of inorganic anions were mathematically described as the independent variables such as $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $HCO_3{^-}$, and these were designed by mixture analysis that was one of the response surface methodology(RSM). Regression analysis on ANOVA showed significant p-value(p<0.0001) and high coefficients for determination value($R^2$=99.28%, ${R^2}_{adj}$=98.91%). Contour and response surface plots showed that the effects of inorganic anions for MTBE photodegradation based on $UV/H_2O_2$ process. In the result, $Cl^-$ and $HCO_3{^-}$ inhibited the photodegradation of the MTBE by their trapping hydroxyl radicals, and the interaction by these two factors was observed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the emissions characteristics of total particulate matter (TPM), fine dust (PM₁₀, PM_2.5), and gaseous pollutants (SOx, NOx) in iron and steel manufacturing facilities in order to investigate emissions factors suitable for domestic conditions. Methods: Total particulate matter (TPM), fine dust (PM₁₀, PM_2.5), and gas phase materials were investigated at the outlet of electric arc furnace facilities using a cyclone sampling machine and a gas analyzer. Results: The concentrations of TPM ranged from 1.64 to 3.14 mg/Sm³ and the average was 2.47 mg/Sm³. Particulate matter 10 (PM₁₀) averaged 1.49 mg/Sm³ with a range of 0.92 to 1.99 mg/Sm³, and the resulting ratio of PM₁₀ to TPM was around 60 percent. PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ranged from 33.7 to 47.9% and averaged 41.6%. Sulfur oxides (SOx) were not detected, and nitrogen oxides (NOx) averaged 6.8 ppm in the range of 5.50 to 8.67 ppm. TPM emission coefficients per product output were in the range of 0.60 to 1.26 g/kg, 0.13 to 0.79 g/kg for PM₁₀ and 0.12 to 0.36 g/kg for PM_2.5, and showed many differences from the emissions coefficients previously announced. An emissions coefficient for NOx is not currently included in the domestic notices, but the results were calculated to be 0.42 g/kg per product output. Conclusions: Investigation and research on emissions coefficients that can reflect the characteristics of various facilities in Korea should be conducted continuously, and the determination and application of unique emissions coefficients that are more suitable for domestic conditions are needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.588-597
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• 2021

In Korea, the standard for calculating the profit of a general insurance, which constitutes the loading in the premium, is not specified, and most of the non-life insurance companies reflect 2~5% of the premium as profit margin. Although the transparency of pricing is required due to the nature of insurance products, there are insufficient standards and empirical studies on the determination of insurance price factors in the domestic insurance industry. In this study, we propose a method of calculating the expected profit margin of general insurance. A way for calculating the expected profit margin of the general insurance is to reflect the shareholder demand on the capital that the insurance company should secure against the risk of loss due to the profit/loss volatility, as a ratio to the insurance premium. Shareholders should be compensated for the risks associated with their insurance operations, and the opportunity cost of these shareholders is to be reflected in premiums. In this study, we calculate the amount of capital that the company should accumulate to prepare insurance risk for each product, and insurance risk is defined as the volatility of insurance operating profit/loss. And insurance risk is calculated using stochastic simulation based on Dynamic Financial Analysis (DFA) methodology. Finally, we calculate the expected profit margins for 25 products and analyzed the difference between those and the profit ratio of domestic general insurance.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.546-558
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• 2020

While industrialization has provided in abundance, the pollution it creates has caused untold damage to the environment, increasing the frequency and severity of natural disasters through changes in global climate patterns. The World Risk Forum's (WEF) World Risk Report presented the results of a survey of experts from around the world detailing the most influential risk factors over the next decade. Notably, the failure to respond to climate change ranked first and the global water crisis third. The extreme drought in the western Chungnam province was unexpected in 2016. At the time, the water level of Boryeong Dam was drastically decreased due to receiving less than half the average recorded rainfall in the region that year. The Boryeong Dam diversion pipeline has the capacity to solve the water shortage problem between these two regions by providing water from Geumgang to the western part of Chungnam, including Boryeong City. Current weather trends suggest drought is likely to continue in western Chungnam, which uses the Boryeong Dam as an intake source. This makes it necessary to operate Boryeong Dam diversion pipeline in an efficient and effective manner. SWAT is a watershed scale model developed to predict the impact of land management practices on water. The SWAT model was used in this study to evaluate the adequacy of the Boryeong Dam diversion pipeline operational plan by comparing it to present Boryeong Dam diversion pipeline operation. By investigating the number of days required to reach each reservoir stage, we determined that the number of days required to reach the boundary stage was less than that of the current operation. This determination accounts for the caveats that the Boryeong Dam waterway was not operated and only one pump will be operated from October to May of next year. As our results suggest, the most stable operation scenario is to operate two pumps at all times. This can be accomplished by operating two pumps from the caution stage to increase the number of pumps whenever the stage is raised. In addition to the stable operation of the Boryeong Dam pipeline, policy considerations are required with regard to imposing a water use charge on users of the Boryeong Dam region.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.534-542
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• 2021

Single-molecular guide RNA (sgRNA) plays a role in recognizing the DNA target sequence in CRISPR technology for genome editing and gene expression control. In this study, we systematically compared the length of the target recognition sequence in sgRNAs required for genome editing using Cas9-NG (an engineered Cas9 recognizing 5'-NG as PAM sequence) and gene expression control using deactivated Cas9-NG (dCas9-NG) by targeting the gal promoter in E. coli. In the case of genome editing, the truncation of three nucleotides in the target recognition sequence (TRS) of sgRNA was allowed. In gene expression regulation, we observed that target recognition and binding were possible even if eleven nucleotides were deleted from twenty nucleotides of the TRS. When 4 or more nucleotides are truncated in the TRS of the sgRNA, it is thought that the sgRNA/Cas9-NG complex can specifically bind to the target DNA sequence, but lacks endonuclease activity to perform genome editing. Our study will be helpful in the development of artificial transcription factors and various CRISPR technologies in the field of synthetic biology.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.55-65
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• 2021

This study investigated methane productions and a degradation rate of organic matters by German standard method, VDI4630 test. In this study, 11 waste biomasses from agricultural fields were selected for the investigation. The objective of this study was to estimate a distribution of organic matters by using the Double first-order kinetics model in order to calculate the rate of biodegradable organic matters which degrade rapidly in the initial stage and the persistently biodegradable organic matters which degrade slowly later. As a result, all the biomasses applied in this study showed rapid decomposition in the initial stage. Then the decomposition rate began to slow down for a certain period and the rate became 10 times slower than the initial decomposition rate. This trend of decomposition rate changes is typical conditions of biomass decompositions. The easily degradable factors (k₁) were raged between 0.097~0.152 day^-1 from vegetable crops and persistent degradable factor (k₂) were 0.002~0.024 day^-1. Among these results, greater organic matter decomposition rates from VDI4630 had greater k₁ values (0.152, 0.144day^-1) and smaller k₁ values (0.002, 0.005day^-1) from cucumbers and paprika. In a meanwhile, radishes and tangerine rinds which had low decomposition rates showed 0.097 and 0.094 day^-1 of k₁ values and decomposition rates seems to affect k₁ values.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.325-331
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• 2022

One of the most important factors in predicting tomato growth and yield is the leaf area. Estimating leaf area accurately is the beginning of an effective tomato plant growth assessment model. To this end, this study was conducted to identify the most effective model for estimating plant leaf area through the measurement of tomato plant leaves. Leaf area (LA), leaf length (L), leaf width (W), and lamina length (La) were measured for all leaves of 5 plants at two-week intervals. The correlation between LA and tomato-leaf-independent variables showed a strong positive relationship with the formulas La × W, L × W, La + W, and L + W. For LA estimation, a linear model using the formula LA = a + b (La² + W²) gave the most accurate estimation (R² = 0.867, RMSE = 88.76). After examining the positions of upper, middle, and lower leaves from September to December, the coefficient of determination (R²) values for each model were 0.878, 0.726, and 0.794 respectively. The most accurate estimation came from the model that used the upper leaves of the plants. The high accuracy of the upper-leaf-based model is judged by the 50% defoliation performed by farmers after October.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.101-110
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• 2022

This study aims to understand the effects of nursing college students' anxiety about clinical practice and stress from it during the practice on their nursing professionalism during COVID-19 and be used as baseline data to promote this professionalism. The target is 187 juniors and seniors in nursing college located in Chungnam, Chungbuk, and Gyeongbuk with experience in the clinical practice, and the survey was conducted from September to November 2021. The data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS 22.0. Nursing professionalism was significantly correlated with clinical practice stress(r=-.151, p=.039). In terms of the factors that influenced the nursing professionalism, the coefficient of determination of satisfaction in major was 5.2%(β=-.24, p=.001), and that of stress from the clinical practice was 3.0%(β=-.17, p=.015), which explains a total of 8.2%. Major satisfaction was the most influential factor predicting greater nursing professionalism. The results of this study demonstrate the necessity to increase nursing students' satisfaction in major and reduce their stress from clinical practice in order to improve the nursing professionalism during COVID-19.