• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

본 연구는 산악형 국립공원으로 분류된 6개 국립공원 53개 노선 204.5 km 구간을 대상으로 탐방로의 물리적 특성 및 훼손유형, 훼손정도 등을 파악하여 공원관리를 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 수행되었다. 탐방로의 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과, 노면의 평균경사는 $14.6^{\circ}$, 평균 노폭은 1.5 m, 평균 나지폭은 1.1 m로 조사되었고, 훼손유형은 6개의 유형이 2,686회 나타났으며, 노면침식 현상이 전체 훼손유형의 37%로 가장 많은 발생을 보였다. 다음으로 뿌리노출 현상, 노폭확대 현상, 분기 현상, 암석노출 현상, 비탈붕괴 현상 순으로 조사되었고, 훼손정도를 조사한 결과, "건전" 구간이 165.34 km로 80.9%를 차지하고 있었고, "강" 구간이 9.08 km, "중" 구간이 12.69 km, "약" 구간이 17.39 km로 훼손구간은 39.16 km에 훼손율은 19.1%로 조사되었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.649-673
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• 2012

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of accounting for aging and deterioration of bridges when estimating their seismic vulnerability. Effects of structural degradation of multiple bridge components, variations in bridge geometry, and comparison of different environmental exposure conditions have traditionally been ignored in the development of seismic fragility curves for aging concrete highway bridges. This study focuses on the degradation of multiple bridge components of a geometrically varying bridge class, as opposed to a single bridge sample, to arrive at time-dependent seismic bridge fragility curves. The effects of different exposure conditions are also explored to assess the impact of severity of the environment on bridge seismic vulnerability. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on a representative class of aging multi-span reinforced concrete girder bridges typical of the Central and Southeastern United States. The results reveal the importance of considering multiple deterioration mechanisms, including the significance of degrading elastomeric bearings along with the corroding reinforced concrete columns, in fragility modeling of aging bridge classes. Additionally, assessment of the relative severity of exposure to marine atmospheric, marine sea-splash and deicing salts, and shows 5%, 9% and 44% reduction, respectively, in the median value bridge fragility for the complete damage state relative to the as-built pristine structure.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the deterioration of trail conditions and to obtain information for desirable maintenance and restoration of a trail in Deogyusan National Park. The physical characteristics of a trail were surveyed at a total of 412 sites over 79.8 km length. The average trail degree and width were found to be 14.31° and 1.60 m, respectively, while the average bare trail width was 1.40 m and the average maxim trail depth was 5.66 cm. Major deterioration types of trail were trail deepening (36.6%), rock exposure (33.9%), and root exposure (12.5%) in order of frequency. Deterioration classes of the trail were 0.626 km (0.8%), 3.110 km (3.9%) and 8.935 km (11.2%) for heavily, moderately, and lightly deteriorated, respectively, with a deterioration rate of 12.671 km (15.9%). Compared to other national parks, the ratio damaged trail to the total trail was 15.9%, which is slightly higher than other, including Jirisan National Park 9.6% (2019), Bukhansan National Park 13.6% (2019), Sokrisan National Park 11.7% (2019), Chiaksan National Park 12.3% (2015), and Woraksan National Park 10.5% (2015). The section of trail in Deokyusan National Park where the damage grade is analyzed as "Heavy" should therefore be restored in consideration of the field conditions. In particular, the damage status of the trail is expected to be greatly improved when the trail surface maintenance level is restored.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.225-230
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• 2008

High-rise and high-density apartment complexes has been built and supplied on a large scale in the metropolis and metropolitan areas since 1980s in order to solve housing shortage in cities. Recently they are raising deterioration problems for aging more than 20 years. moreover, those problems show very special characters such as simultaneity and a large scale. The purpose of this study is to propose a direction for the development of the evaluating indicators to measure the level of deterioration of apartments. The level of deterioration of apartments can be evaluated by housing performance. In order to evaluate the deterioration comprehensively, the housing performance indicators should be developed on the social, economical, and physical dimension. This study analyzed the concept of the apartment deterioration and compared housing performance indicators through literature review. First of all, when considering various factors in the evaluation of the deteriorated apartments, such as evaluating ranges, attributes and dimensions, housing performance indicators should be structured with the hierarchical framework. Second, housing performance indicators evaluating the level of deterioration of apartments should include social, psychological, and cultural aspects of home environments in order to understand adequately the attitude of the middle class toward services that apartments provide. Third, in previous researches, most criteria have been developed and weighted based on only expert opinions regarding performance indicators. So, It is necessary to include residents' opinions in developing performance indicators since they can provide more practical and feasible aspects the experts could not experience or understand.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1431-1442
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• 2015

This study was carried out to systematically maintain and manage the trails by assessing the physical characteristics, the types of deterioration and impact rating class of trails located in Mt. Nam District of the Gyeongju National Park. The major trails followed 6 routes including Sambulsa-Geumobong(A), Yongjangsaji-Geumobong(B), Yongjanggol-Yiyoungjae-Gowibong(C), Cheonusa-Gowibong(D), Sangseojang-Forest road(E) and Tongiljeon-Forest road(F). The routes length of A was 2.2 km, 2.7 km of B, 3.4 km of C, 1.3 km of D, 2.0 km of E and 1.0 km of F. In the physical characteristics, A was the widest and F was the narrowest in the width and bared width of trail. In depth of erosion, B was the deepest and E was the shallowest. D was the steepest and E was the gentlest in the slope. In the results of analysing the types of deterioration, A were 13 types, 11 types of B, C and D, 10 types of E and 6 types of F. The times of appearance of deterioration types in A were 86 times, 75 times of B, 105 times of C, 48 times of D, 47 times of E and 13 times of F. In case of the impact rating class, trail erosion was II degree, I degree of trail expansion, root exposure, trail divergence and rock exposure.

• 경영과학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2013

We consider the single machine scheduling problem with a rate-modifying activity and time-dependent deterioration after the activity. The class of scheduling problems with rate-modifying activities and the class of scheduling problems with time-dependent processing times have been studied independently. However, the integration of these classes is motivated by human operators of tasks who has fatigue while carrying out the operation of a series of tasks. This situation is also applicable to machines that experience performance degradation over time due to mal-position or mal-alignment of jobs, abrasion of tools, and scraps of operations, etc. In this study, the integration of the two classes of scheduling problems is considered. We present a mathematical model to determine job-sequence and a position of a rate-modifying activity for the integration problem. Since the model is difficult to solve as the size of real problem being very large, we propose genetic algorithms. The performance of the algorithms are compared with optimal solutions with various problems.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the susceptibility of wood-based composite panels exposed to mould and sap-stain fungi. Five wood deterioration fungi (three mould fungi, two sap stain fungi) were inoculated into two types of commercial wood-based composite panels (medium density fiberboard and particleboard), which have three class of formaldehyde emission. All wood-based composite panels were more or less susceptible to mould and sap stain fungi. The attacking mode of the fungi was highly dependent on formaldehyde emission. This study indicates that all wood-based composite panels, specially low formaldehyde emission class panels should be considered to prevent fungal deterioration when they are used for exterior and humid interior applications.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2004

최근 산행인구의 급증과 함께 주변 자연환경의 훼손이 심화되고 있는 백두대간 마루금 등산로에 대한 보전적 측면에서의 관리전략을 마련할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 이 연구는 지리산 만복대에서 복성이재까지를 대상으로 한 연구(권태호와 이준우, 2003)의 후속 연구로서 남덕유산에서 소사고개까지의 마루금 등산로의 훼손실태를 파악하고자 시도되었다. 지형조건을 고려하여 7개구간으로 구분된 총 32.3km, 182개 측점에서 등산로 상태를 조사한 바 평균노폭 100cm, 평균나지폭 67cm, 평균침식깊이 13cm, 평균물매 23%로 나타났다. 훼손유형별 발생빈도는 암석노출(48%), 뿌리노출(41%), 종침식(19%)등의 순이었고, 건전한 지점의 출현빈도는 33%로 그리 높지 않았다. 또한 훼손발생지점의 등산로 상태는 건전한 지점과 상당한 차이를 보였다. 등산로 주변으로 확산되는 훼손의 진행단계와 범위를 파악하기 위한 환경피해도는 3등급이 2.1m, 4등급 0.4m, 5등급 0.4m, 6등급 0.1m로 환경피해도 등급이 높을수록 훼손폭이 좁았다. 4등급 이상의 폭은 0.9m이었고, 삼봉산∼소사고개 구간이 가장 넓었다. 이 지역의 마루금 등산로의 훼손상태는 우려 할 만한 수준은 아니나 일부 지점들은 종합적이고 체계적인 정비 복구가 필요하였으며, 이와 관련한 관리 방향을 제안하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2003

최근 우리나라 주요한 생태공간인 백두대간을 이용하는 인구가 급증하면서 백두대간 마루금 등산로에서 주변 파연환경의 훼손이 심화되고 있다. 이 연구는 백두대간 마루금 등산로에 대한 보전적 측면에서의 관리전략을 마련하기 위하여 지리산 만복대에서 복성이재까지를 대상으로 등산로의 훼손실태를 파악하고자 시도되었다. 지형조건을 고려하여 7개 구간으로 구분된 총 28.4km, 232개 측점에서 등산로 상태를 조사한 바 평균노폭 106cm, 평균나지폭 65cm, 평균침식깊이 8cm, 평균물매 20%로 나타났다. 훼손유형별 발생빈도는 뿌리 노출(23%). 암석노출(14%). 노폭확대(7%) 둥의 순이었으나 건전한 지점의 출현빈도는 64%로 대단히 높았다. 훼손발생지점의 등산로 상태는 건전한 지점과 상당한 차이를 보였다. 등산로 주변으로 확산되는 훼손의 진행단계와 범위를 파악하기 위한 환경피해도는 3등급이 2.9m, 4등급 0.8m, 5등급 0.4m, 6등급 0.1m로 환경피해도 등급이 높을수록 훼손폭이 좁았으며, 4등급 이상의 폭은 1.2m이었다 종합적으로 볼 때 이 지역의 마루금 등산로의 훼손상태는 우려할만한 수준은 아니나 입지조건이나 이용압력의 증가 추세를 감안할 때 현상태에서 유지되도록 관리방안을 조속히 마련할 필요가 있다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제110권1호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2021

본 연구는 백두대간 마루금 선자령순환등산로 4.3 km에서 정성적으로 평가되는 훼손등급을 적용하여 숲길훼손이 발생된 구역의 구체적인 데이터와 조사방법을 제시하고, 조사항목간의 관계를 구명하고자 수행되었다. 그 결과, 선자령순환등산로의 평균 노폭(1.7 m)과 나지폭(1.4 m)은 지금까지 보고된 연구에 비해 매우 넓은 것으로 나타났으며, 훼손비율 또한 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 정성적인 기준으로 평가된 훼손등급에 대해 다음과 같이 구체적인 데이터를 확보할 수 있었다. 훼손등급 강의 경사도는 20.1%, 침식깊이는 평균 13.3 cm, 중앙 16.1 cm, 침식량 16.2 ㎠로 나타났으며 토양경도는 평균 12.3 kg/㎠(20.1 mm), 최대 39.3 kg/㎠(29.6 mm)로 나타났다. 훼손등급과 경사도는 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 능선보다 산복에서 평균과 중앙의 토양침식깊이가 깊어지는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 토양경도는 횡단 측정위치와 방법에서 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 선자령순환등산로는 경사도가 20% 이상인 구간에서 훼손이 발생함에 따라 지속 가능한 이용을 위해서는 고정조사점에서의 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다. 또한, 숲길설계와 관리에는 경사도가 우선적으로 고려되어야 한다.