• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권10호
• /
• pp.1607-1615
• /
• 2021

Objective: Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf has been found to be an important source of protein, vitamins, minerals, as well as phytonutrients. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Chaya leaf pellet (CHYP) with various level of crude protein (CP) in the concentrate on rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrient degradability in in vitro gas production technique. Methods: In an in vitro rumen fermentation study the dietary treatments were arranged according to a 3×5 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, consisting of Factor A: three levels of CP of concentrate mixtures (14%, 16%, and 18% CP, respectively) and Factor B: five levels of CHYP supplementation (at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of dry matter substrates). Results: The gas production kinetics, fraction (a) and fraction (b) were lower (p<0.05) with an increasing CHYP addition. Additionally, the fraction (a+b) was found to yield a significant interaction (p<0.05) while the fraction (c) was not impacted by CHYP addition. However, in vitro DM degradability was enhanced and interactive (p<0.05), using 16% CP of concentrate with 6% and 8% CHYP, when compared with 18% CP in the non-addition. Additionally, the treatment with higher CP of the concentrate was higher in NH₃-N concentration (p<0.001) and by CHYP supplementation group (p<0.05). Nevertheless, protozoal counts in the rumen were remarkably decreased (p<0.05) with increasing level of CHYP supplementation. Furthermore, rumen C₂ concentration was lower (p<0.05) in the treatments with CHYP supplementation, while C₃ was significantly increased and interactive (p<0.05) between levels of CP and CHYP supplementation especially at 8% CHYP supplementation. Conclusion: Based on this study, the results revealed CHYP as a promising feed supplement to enhance rumen fermentation and to mitigate methane production. However, in vivo feeding experiments should be subsequently conducted to elucidate the effect of CHYP supplementation on rumen fermentation, as well as ruminant production efficiency.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제34권9호
• /
• pp.1466-1478
• /
• 2021

Objective: Ruminants are completely dependent on their microbiota for rumen fermentation, feed digestion, and consequently, their metabolism for productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the rumen bacteria of lactating yaks with different milk protein yields, using high-throughput sequencing technology, in order to understand the influence of these bacteria on milk production. Methods: Yaks with similar high milk protein yield (high milk yield and high milk protein content, HH; n = 12) and low milk protein yield (low milk yield and low milk protein content, LL; n = 12) were randomly selected from 57 mid-lactation yaks. Ruminal contents were collected using an oral stomach tube from the 24 yaks selected. High-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used. Results: Ruminal ammonia N, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate concentrations were found to be higher in HH than LL yaks. Community richness (Chao 1 index) and diversity indices (Shannon index) of rumen microbiota were higher in LL than HH yaks. Relative abundances of the Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes phyla in the rumen fluid were significantly increased in HH than LL yaks, but significantly decreased for Firmicutes. Relative abundances of the Succiniclasticum, Butyrivibrio 2, Prevotella 1, and Prevotellaceae UCG-001 genera in the rumen fluid of HH yaks was significantly increased, but significantly decreased for Christensenellaceae R-7 group and Coprococcus 1. Principal coordinates analysis on unweighted UniFrac distances revealed that the bacterial community structure of rumen differed between yaks with high and low milk protein yields. Furthermore, rumen microbiota were functionally enriched in relation to transporters, ABC transporters, ribosome, and urine metabolism, and also significantly altered in HH and LL yaks. Conclusion: We observed significant differences in the composition, diversity, fermentation product concentrations, and function of ruminal microorganisms between yaks with high and low milk protein yields, suggesting the potential influence of rumen microbiota on milk protein yield in yaks. A deeper understanding of this process may allow future modulation of the rumen microbiome for improved agricultural yield through bacterial community design.

• 인간식물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.403-413
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: There is growing concern about the effects of modern society on mental health, coming with Covid-19-related caveats on depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS). This can be a subject to provide alternative methods which alleviate DAS. In line with this context, sensory gardens are widely acknowledged to stimulate the five major senses (sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell) and can have a significant (positive) impact on mental health. However, there is limited empirical evidence on the effect of these gardens with regard to alleviating DAS - particularly with respect to urban society This is a gab in knowledge how such limits can be addressed. Accordingly, this present study is clearly needed in order to verify if there are any correlations between sensory gardens and (positive) effects on DAS. The aim of this study was therefore to understand current levels of DAS in a high density building with a sensory garden in a courtyard and determine correlations between experiences in the sensory courtyard and levels of DAS. Methods: The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was employed to test the level of DAS. Results: Additionally, 13 different factors associated with experiences in the building, including the stimulation of the five major senses in the sensory courtyard, were measured to reveal their contribution to mitigating depression, anxiety, and stress. It is noted that the average levels of DAS were 7.91, 7.77 and 9.01 respectively indicating that the mental health of participants requires mental health management. However, results show that factors associated with the sensory courtyard could improve mental health. For example, new social relationships, walking with colleagues, and the stimulation of each of the five major senses in the sensory garden could improve DAS. Conclusion: This illustrates that external experiences are more effective at mitigating depression, anxiety, and stress than internal ones. Factor analysis revealed four components: stimulating the five senses; internal and external facilities; internet-based device use; and new social relationships. There was a strong positive correlation between new social relationships and walking with colleagues. There were also strong positive correlations among the stimulation of each of the five senses. In conclusion, there are strong indications that sensory courtyards can help alleviate DAS and should therefore be promoted, particularly in the current Covid-19 situation wherein the physical and mental health of the public at large are threatened. Accordingly, courtyard design should be rethought in light of the relationship between the positive impact of sensory gardens and mental health.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.119-131
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study was to assess the effects of different doses of an essential oil blend (EOB) on growth performance, diarrhea occurrence (DO), hematological and blood biochemical profile, intestinal morphometry, morphology and microbiology, relative weight and length of organs, digestive content pH, and liver antioxidant status in weaning piglets. Methods: A total of 135 barrows (7.09±0.29 kg body weight) were allotted randomly in a randomized complete block design based on body weight with nine replications and three animals per pen. Dietary treatments were a negative control (NC): basal diet; positive control (PC): NC plus 125 mg performance-enhancing antibiotic (enramycin 8%)/kg diet; NC plus 100 mg EOB/kg diet (EO100); NC plus 200 mg EOB/kg diet (EO200); and NC plus 400 mg EOB/kg diet (EO400). Diarrhea occurrence was monitored daily, and performance at the end of each phase. Results: Gain to feed ratio was greater (p<0.05) in starter II pigs fed EO400 and EO200 than in those fed EO100. Pigs fed EO400 had lower (p<0.05) DO than those fed NC and EO100 in the total period. Pre-starter II pigs fed NC had (p<0.05) lower serum total protein and plasma protein than pigs fed PC. Pigs fed EO100 showed smaller (p<0.05) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) than pigs fed EO400. Starter II pigs fed EO400 had (p<0.05) greater MCV and lower mean corpuscular hemoglobin and erythrocytes than those fed EO100. There was a greater concentration (p<0.05) of band cells for PC, similar to EO400 and EO200. Performance-enhancing antibiotic and EOB to diets increased (p<0.05) liver superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusion: Adding 200 and 400 mg EOB/kg diet decreased DO and was advantageous to hematological and blood biochemical profile and liver antioxidant status without being detrimental to growth performance and gastrointestinal health in nursery pigs.

• 재활치료과학
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.7-22
• /
• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 국내 CO-OP 중재 연구를 체계적으로 고찰하여 임상적 근거를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 2015년 1월부터 2021년 12월까지 학술연구정보서비스(RISS), 학술교육원(e-article) 데이터베이스에 게재된 문헌 중 선정기준에 적합한 13편의 논문을 최종적으로 선택하여 연구 방법의 내용에 따라 일반적 특성과 질적 수준으로 나누어 분석하였다. 결과 : 연구 내용을 분석한 결과, 2015년 이후 연구가 지속적으로 진행되었으며 CO-OP 중재 연구의 근거 수준은 개별대상연구가 주를 이루었다. 연구 대상은 아동과 성인 모두에게 적용되고 있었으며, CO-OP 중재의 목표 활동 영역으로 아동은 놀이와 여가, 성인은 수단적 일상생활 영역으로 나타났다. 중재의 효과를 살펴보기 위한 평가로는 COPM과 PQRS 평가를 많이 사용하였으며 구체화 전략으로는 아동은 자세, 집중하기, 과제변형, 언어적 상상을 많이 사용하였고 성인은 자세, 집중하기, 과제변형, 움직임에 대한 느낌, 언어적 상상, 과제 촉진 언어를 주로 사용한 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 국내 CO-OP 중재를 적용한 연구의 특성과 질적 수준을 확인할 수 있었다. CO-OP 중재가 작업치료 분야에서 지속해서 적용되고 있으며, 적용 연령과 진단군이 확대되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 국내 CO-OP 중재 연구의 체계적 고찰을 통해 임상에서 CO-OP 중재를 실행하기 위한 근거 자료를 제공하였다는 데 의의가 있다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.264-274
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the physiological response, litter performance, blood profiles, immune response, and milk composition of lactating sows. Methods: A total of 50 multiparous F₁ sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with an average body weight (BW) of 233.6±4.30 kg and an average parity of 4.00±0.307 and their litters were used in this experiment. All sows were allotted to one of five treatments, taking into consideration BW, backfat thickness, and parity in a completely randomized design with 10 replicates. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 110 IU vitamin E/kg diet. Results: All treatments added with β-glucan or vitamin E were statistically higher in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of lactating sows compared to those of the control (Diet, p<0.01). Additionally, the ADFI of lactating sows was significantly higher in the groups supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan compared to 0.2% β-glucan (BG, p<0.01). There was an increasing trend in piglet weight at weaning (BG, p = 0.07), litter weight at the 21st day of lactation (BG, p = 0.07) and litter weight gain (BG, p = 0.08) in groups supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan. The addition of 110 IU vitamin E/kg diet increased vitamin E concentration significantly in lactating sows (VE, p<0.01) and exhibited a trend for higher concentrations of vitamin E (VE, p = 0.09) in piglets. Adding 0.1% β-glucan compared to 0.2% β-glucan induced a decrease in the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α in lactating sows (BG, p = 0.06) and in piglets (BG, p = 0.09) on the 21st day of lactation. There were no significant differences in the milk composition of sows. Conclusion: Adding 0.1% β-glucan and 110 IU vitamin E/kg to a lactating sow's diet was beneficial to the growth performance of piglets by leading to an increase in the feed intake of sows and efficiently supplying vitamin E to both the sows and piglets.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2019

Objective : Chronic acid reflux esophagitis (CARE), one of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasing worldwide. Coptidis rhizoma extract (CRE) is a traditional herb that cures a variety of diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of CR on rats with chronic acid reflux esophagitis. Methods : The antioxidant activities were evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. CARE was surgically induced in 5-week-old male SD rats by ligating the border between forestomach and glandular portion with a 2-0 silk tie and covering the duodenum using 18-Fr $N{\acute{e}}laton$ catheter. To evaluate the esophageal protective effect of CRE, rats were divided into 3 groups: Nor (normal rats), Veh (chronic acid reflux esophagitis induced rats), CR (chronic acid reflux esophagitis induced rats treated with CRE 200 mg/kg body weight). Results : The administration of CRE significantly prevented the mucosal injury of the esophagus tissue and histological findings improved the esophageal lesion. It has been shown that inflammation is prevented by the increase of antioxidant-related factors (Nrf-2, HO-1, SOD, catalase, and GPx-1/2) through the antioxidant pathway of esophageal tissue. The administration of CRE reduced the increase of serum peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) and markedly reduced the protein expression of inflammatory mediator such as $NF-{\kappa}Bp65$, $p-I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, iNOS, and IL-6. Conclusions : Overall, these results suggest that CRE administration confirmed the protective effect of esophageal mucosa, suggesting that it is a potential treatment for chronic acid reflux esophagitis.

• 재활치료과학
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.77-91
• /
• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 작업기반 라이프스타일 중재 프로그램이 지역사회 노인에게 미치는 효과를 알아보고 적용가능성을 알아보기 위해 진행되었다. 연구방법 : 지역사회에 거주하고 있는 노인 9명을 대상으로 진행되었으며 단일집단 사전-사후 검사 설계를 사용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 참가자들은 해외 연구를 통해 효과가 확인된 라이프스타일 리디자인 프로그램(Lifestyle redesign program)을 기반으로 한 작업기반 라이프스타일 중재 프로그램을 그룹회기 12회, 개인회기 1회로 총 7주에 걸쳐 제공받았다. 효과를 알아보기 위해 작업균형, 시간사용, 활동참여 수준, 활동 수행도 및 만족도, 우울, 건강관련 삶의 질에 대한 평가를 프로그램 전, 후로 진행하고 평가 결과를 분석하였다. 또한 후기평가 시 프로그램에 대한 설문을 진행하여 참가자들이 생각하는 주관적인 프로그램의 타당성, 필요성, 효과성에 대해 알아보았다. 결과 : 초기평가와 후기평가를 통해 얻은 자료를 분석한 결과 전반적인 작업균형(p=.012)과 하위영역인 건강(p=.017), 관계(p=.012), 도전 및 흥미(p=.012), 자아정체성(p=.012)에 대한 작업균형 그리고 활동참여수준(p=.008), 활동 수행도(p=.012) 및 만족도(p=.008), 전반적인 건강관련 삶의 질(p=.034) 및 하위영역 중 신체적 건강(p=.041)이 향상되었으며, 여가(p=.008)와 휴식(p=.008)에 대한 시간사용에 변화가 있었고, 마지막으로 우울(p=.012)이 감소한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 프로그램에 대한 설문 결과 참가자들이 생각하는 프로그램에 대한 주관적 타당성, 필요성, 효과성 모두 적절한 수준을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 결론 : 작업기반 라이프스타일 중재프로그램은 지역사회 노인에게 충분히 받아들여질 수 있으며 건강에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 중재법으로 사료된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 호흡기 또는 비말 전파 바이러스 감염자의 흉부 X-선 검사 시 바이러스 차단설비를 갖춘 촬영실을 구상해 보았고, 설계과정에서 바이러스를 차단역할을 하는 검증된 차단제 중 X-선의 출력 및 화질의 저하가 가장 적은 재질과 두께를 찾기 위해 실험해 보았다. 그 결과 아크릴 1 cm 적용 시 X-선 출력은 차단제 없을 시 보다 약 3.27 % 감소 되었고, SNR은 40.7, CNR은 30.9로 분석되었고 SSIM 지수 분석결과 0.891로 분석되어 원본 영상과 비교하여 가장 유사한 영상으로 구현되는 것으로 분석되었다. 연구방법에서 적용한 차단제는 식약처 허가 등을 받은 제품을 사용했다는 점에서 객관성이 있었으며 향후 호흡기 관련 바이러스 발생 시 감염환자의 진단 및 치료 시설 설비 시 본 연구결과는 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.484-493
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of diets of broiler chickens with hot-melt extruded CuSO₄ (HME-Cu) on their growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut microbiota, small intestinal morphology, meat quality, and copper (Cu) bioavailability. Methods: A total of 225 broilers (Ross 308), one-day old and initial weight 39.14 g, were weighed and distributed between 15 cages (15 birds per cage) in a completely randomized experimental design with 3 treatments (diets) and 5 replicates per treatment. Cages were allotted to three treatments including control (without supplemental Cu), IN-Cu (16 mg/kg of CuSO₄), and HME-Cu (16 mg/kg of HME processed CuSO₄). Results: The HME-Cu treatment tended to increase the overall body weight gain (p<0.10). The apparent digestibility of Cu was increased by supplementation of HME-Cu at phase 2 (p<0.05). The Escherichia coli count in cecum tended to decrease with the supplementation with Cu (p<0.10). In addition, the HME-Cu treatment had a higher pH of breast meat than the control and IN-Cu treatments (p<0.05). Significant increases in the cooking loss, water-holding capacity, and lightness in the breast were observed in the HME-Cu treatment compared to the control (p<0.05). The Cu content of excreta increased with the Cu supplementation (p<0.05). The concentration of excreta Cu in broilers was decreased in the HME-Cu compared to the IN-Cu in phase 2 (p<0.05). The Cu concentration in the liver was increased with the HME-Cu supplementation, compared with the control diets (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that HME-Cu supplementation at the requirement level (16 mg/kg diets) in broiler diets did not affect the growth performance and the physiological function of Cu in broilers. However, supplementation of Cu in HME form improved the meat quality and the bioavailability of Cu.