• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2004

The main stream of consumption about the products is tend to transfer from low price value with mass production, to the second value of products, such as pleasure, familiarity, humor, and metaphor. This second value is closely connected to a redundancy which are also related to modern science as well as product design. These terms such as matrials, identity, and gravitation, disappeared gradually, and these are substituted with an uncertainty principle, a fortuity, a contradictory concept, entropy etc. In sum this study focuses on the tendency of intelligency issue the recent design trends. This result shows that The 4th Column Thinking and Formation System which is related to an expansion and diversity of design intellectual ideas.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.5
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• pp.37-44
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• 1995

Memphis originated from Radicalism in Italy came into being in 1981 as a experimental design group. Basically Memphis represented changed concept of design and the task of the designer by innovative design with unusual shapes and colors. What Memphis intended to demon-strate is the diversity of expression of design creativity and possibilities of new stimuli. As a result, Memphis has shown ways of redefining the field of design. In the 1990, the diversity of design movenment reflects the plualism of fragmented, specialized society. Design is faced with new task. It must do more than merely de-fine an object and its function. So from this point of view, this study interpretates ideas of Memphis design theory and attitude.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.363-376
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• 2010

Vegetative communities of created wetlands often display lower species richness, less cover, higher occurrence of non-native or invasive species, and fewer obligate wetlands species than those in natural wetlands, thus failing to meet basic success criteria for wetland mitigation. This study examined the effects of two design elements, disking-induced microtopography and hydrologic regime, on the first year vegetation development pattern of a mitigation wetland newly created in the Virginia piedmont. Elevation and species cover were measured along replicate multiscale circular transects in two adjacent wetland sites that are different in their hydrologic regime. Two microtopographic indices, tortuosity (T) and limiting elevation difference (LD), were calculated from the elevation measurements. Both indices were higher in disked plots than non-disked plots, showing the effect of disking on microtopography. Out of forty-one vegetation taxa observed in the wetland, 29 taxa were naturally colonized and 12 taxa were seeded. All plots except one non-disked plot were dominated by wetland vegetation. Species richness and diversity were higher in disked than in non-disked plots. Vegetation community development seemed also influenced significantly by hydrologic regime of the site. The effect of microtopography on species richness and diversity was more pronounced in a relatively dry site compared to a wet site. In addition, percent cover, species richness and diversity of vegetation were positively correlated with microtopographic indices such as T and LD. Two design elements, microtopography and hydrologic regime, should be considered and incorporated in wetland creation to enhance plant community development.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.90-99
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• 2016

In this work, we investigate differentially encoded blind transceiver design in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signaling. Owing to the fact that acquisition of channel state information is not viable for short coherence times or in low SNR regimes, we propose a time-spread frequency-encoded method under OFDM modulation. The repetition (spreading) of differentially encoded symbols allows us to achieve a target energy per bit to noise ratio and higher diversity. Based on the channel order, we optimize subcarrier assignment for spreading (along time) to achieve frequency diversity of an OFDM modulated signal. We present the performance of our proposed transceiver design and investigate the impact of Doppler frequency on the performance of the proposed differentially encoded transceiver design. To further improve reliability of the decoded data, we employ capacity-achieving low-density parity-check forward error correction encoding to the information bits.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.95-97
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• 1998

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.169-175
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• 2004

Considering the present development situation of domestic apartment complexes, the environment and its landscape is monotonous and dull, so the diversity is very important socially and visually. The ground floor dwellings can influence the richness and diversity of ground landscape in the apartment housing. Because they are set on the ground and directly contact with people's sight line. In this context, this study aims to identify the elements of design diversity in the ground floor dwellings, to analysis the architectural characteristics of them and to propose the improvement of diversity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.193-198
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• 2007

The propose of this study analyze an expression method of a surface in commercial buildings, and it is to show an example of a surface design in Manhattan. In particular, I focus on the following three categories : representation element of surface image : materials and structure method, the property of transparency, and an electronic surface and media screen. Unlike the past era in which surface design in commercial buildings was viewed just as a mean ornament, it has become more important in the presently era because diverse expression technologies in surface design makes architects express there creative ideas. Besides, the diversity of surface design expands the concept of cultural space as it provides various graphic element that human desire for multi-cultures. So diversity of surface will accelerate.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.252-259
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• 2008

High glossy painting and UV lithographic painting as painting methods for wooden furniture have played a positive role in enhancing the diversity of furniture design, which has been proved by the analysis on the relationship between the change in the diversity of design and painting methods of graduation projects (wooden furniture) presented by graduates of local universities, as a focus of this article. Since the development of new painting methods has the potential to develop aesthetic characteristics of wooden furniture, many design experiments are needed to improve decorative features of furniture, such as the application of high glossy painting and UV lithographic painting.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2003

For mobile multimedia systems that equip transmit diversity for a forward channel, it is well known that the Tx diversity technique is appropriate for high rate mobile multimedia communications. In this paper, we propose a STTD (Space Time Transmit Diversity) receiver, which incorporates the design of the Tx diversity receiver without the mutual interference of antenna by using a CCI cancellation technique. The new STTD receiver is simulated and its performance is analyzed in a DS-CDMA/QPSK. Adopting the proposed STTD receiver at $10^{-2}$TEX>∼$10^{-4}$TEX> in bit error rate, SNR of 0.5 ㏈∼2 ㏈ performance improvement in AWGN and Rayleigh fading environments has been achieved.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.5A
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• pp.347-354
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a new transmit diversity technique for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to improve the link level performance of open-loop systems. By cyclically applying a predetermined set of preceding weight vectors, artificially induced fluctuation is created to achieve additional diversity gain in flat fading channels. To design the set of the precoding vectors, we exploit the knowledge on the distribution of near optimum Preceding vectors observed in a beamforming scheme based on the rotation transformations. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed open-loop diversity scheme with an arbitrary number of transmit antennas achieves a full diversity gain with computational complexity comparable to a single-input single-output (SISO) system.