• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.104-111
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• 2016

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito borne pathogen, belongs to Flaviviridae family having a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome, currently known for causing large epidemics in Brazil. Its infection can cause microcephaly, a serious birth defect during pregnancy. The recent outbreak of ZIKV in February 2016 in Brazil realized it as a major health risk, demands an enhanced surveillance and a need to develop novel drugs against ZIKV. Amodiaquine, prochlorperazine, quinacrine, and berberine are few promising drugs approved by Food and Drug Administration against dengue virus which also belong to Flaviviridae family. In this study, we performed molecular docking analysis of these drugs against nonstructural 3 (NS3) protein of ZIKV. The protease activity of NS3 is necessary for viral replication and its prohibition could be considered as a strategy for treatment of ZIKV infection. Amongst these four drugs, berberine has shown highest binding affinity of -5.8 kcal/mol and it is binding around the active site region of the receptor. Based on the properties of berberine, more similar compounds were retrieved from ZINC database and a structure-based virtual screening was carried out by AutoDock Vina in PyRx 0.8. Best 10 novel drug-like compounds were identified and amongst them ZINC53047591 (2-(benzylsulfanyl)-3-cyclohexyl-3H-spiro[benzo[h]quinazoline-5,1'-cyclopentan]-4(6H)-one) was found to interact with NS3 protein with binding energy of -7.1 kcal/mol and formed H-bonds with Ser135 and Asn152 amino acid residues. Observations made in this study may extend an assuring platform for developing anti-viral competitive inhibitors against ZIKV infection.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2018

More people prefer using rail traffic for travel or for commuting owing to its convenience and flexibility. The railway scenario has become an important communication scenario in the fifth generation era. The communication system should be designed to support high-data-rate demands with seamless connectivity at a high mobility. In this paper, the channel characteristics are studied and modeled for the railway tunnel scenario with straight and curved route shapes. On the basis of measurements using the "Mobile Hotspot Network" system, a three-dimensional ray tracer (RT) is calibrated and validated for the target scenarios. More channel characteristics are explored via RT simulations at 25.25 GHz with a 500-MHz bandwidth. The key channel parameters are extracted, provided, and incorporated into a 3rd-Generation-Partnership-Project-like stochastic channel generator. The necessary channel information can be practically realized, which can support the link-level and system-level design of the communication system in similar scenarios.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.13 no.2 s.33
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

Most spatial data handled in GIS is two-dimensional. These two-dimensional data is established by selecting 2D aspects form 3D, or by projecting 3D onto 2D space. During this conversion, without user's intention, data are abstracted and omitted. This unwanted data loss causes disadvantages such as restrictingof the range of data application and describing inaccurate real world. Recently, three dimensional data is getting wide interests and demands. One of the examplesis Database Management System which can store and manage three dimensional spatial data. However, this DBMS does not support spatial query which is the essence of the database management system. So, various studies are needed in this field. This research designs spatial relationship that is defined in space database standard using the three-dimension space model. The spatial data model, which is used in this research, is the one defined in OGC for GMS3, and designing tool is DE-9IM based on Point-Set Topology blow as the best method for topological operation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.159-167
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• 2015

The nature of port logistics requires global visibility and traceability. However, the traditional RFID technology still applied cannot meet these demands. IP-USN and M2M in port logistics have faced challenges of the prerequisite of network composition and immense communications at the base where a grand number of containers are installed. To resolve the issue, this study suggests an IP-RFID-based smart port logistics service platform. The IP-RFID-based port logistics service system resolved the communication problem by separating the RFID tag and AP, which allows internet connection, from the tag. The tags connected with thermo-sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, GPS, etc. are attached to the containers insuring global visibility and traceability, key factors in logistics, by obtaining desired real-time information regardless of time and location.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.61-66
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• 2010

A stereo vision, which is based on two or more images taken from different view points, is able to build three dimensional maps of its environment having various applications including robots and home networks. SAD algorithm, which is based on area-based correlation, is widely used since its regular structure provide abundant parallelism. In this paper, we present heuristic designs of SAD algorithm to meet the demands on accuracy and resource usages in various applications. The disparity abridgement and the window abridgement algorithms can be used for vision systems in low cost and small size. The window shape algorithm can be applicable when object are in specific shapes. The adaptive window algorithm work well when accuracy is the primary concern.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.6 s.40
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• pp.13-22
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• 2004

Ductiluty factor has played an important role in seismic design as it is key component of response modification factor(R). In this stuty, ductility factors() are calculated by multiplying ductility factor for SDOF systems() and MDOF modification factors(). Ductility factors() for SDOF systems are computed from nonlinear dynamic analysis undergoing different level of displacement ductiluty demands and period when subjected to a large number of recorded earthquake ground motions. The MDOF modification factors() are proposed to account for the MDOF systems, based on previous studies. A total of 108 prototype steel frames are designed to investigate the ductility factors considering the number of stories(4, 8 and 16-stories), framing system(Perimeter Frames, PF and Distributed Frames, DF), failure mechanism(Strong-Column Weak-Beam, SCWB and Weak-Column Strong-Beam, WCSB), soil profiles(SA, SC and SE in UBC 1997) and seismic zone factors(Z=0.075, 0.2 and 0.4 in UBC 1997). It is shown that the number of stories, failure mechanisms (SCWB, WCSB), and soil profiles have great influence on the ductility factors, however, the structural system(Perimeter frames, Distributed frames), and seismic zones have no influence on the ductility factors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.533-545
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• 2003

Purpose: This study investigated the situation of public health official training and suggested a scheme for improving central and local official training institutes, in order to improve the quality and quantity of training programs for central and local public health officials. Methods: This study examined training resources, design processes, content and methods of training programs of the Department of Health and Welfare Training in NIH and the fifteen city and provincial officials training institutes in 2002. Results: The central and the local officials training institutes didn't exchange information on public health training. NIH supplied various specialized training programs for senior and junior officials. However, city and provincial official training institutes supplied a few training programs for local public health officials. Conclusion: A mutually cooperative relationship is needed between central and local official training institutes to exchange information on public health official training. The Department of Health and Welfare Training in NIH as a central training institute has to develop training programs related to new public health policies, supply training programs for senior officials, and support local official training institutes. To satisfy the training demands of public health officials, the city and provincial official training institutes should increase the number of training programs for junior officials.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 2014

As plant market grows up, client demands to increase quality, technology and to reduce construction period. Due to the vast scale of the construction site and complexity of process, plant project can have some problems of communication among the project participants, the duplication of work, errors and rework. As a result those cause more costs, delay the construction schedule and reduce productivity and quality. Therefore, real-time communication between participants and real-time sharing of information such as material, equipment and construction are required in plant project site. This research aims to propose process and develop system using NFC(Near Field Communication) technology and augmented reality technology with mobile device for plant construction site. Administrators and operators are able to work efficiently using proposed process and system which create an environment designed to share and deliver information such as material, construction information.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.949-958
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• 2004

race detection using a boosting based algorithm requires a very large size of face and nonface data. In addition, the fact that there always occurs a need for adding additional training data for better detection rates demands an efficient incremental teaming algorithm. In the design of incremental teaming based classifiers, the final classifier should represent the characteristics of the entire training dataset. Conventional methods have a critical problem in combining intermediate classifiers that weight updates depend solely on the performance of individual dataset. In this paper, for the purpose of application to face detection, we present a new method to combine an intermediate classifier with previously acquired ones in an optimal manner. Our algorithm creates a validation set by incrementally adding sampled instances from each dataset to represent the entire training data. The weight of each classifier is determined based on its performance on the validation set. This approach guarantees that the resulting final classifier is teamed by the entire training dataset. Experimental results show that the classifier trained by the proposed algorithm performs better than by AdaBoost which operates in batch mode, as well as by ${Learn}^{++}$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2002

This study attempts to suggest a standard for maintenance and repair cost per each unit area, by analyzing the causes and cost of various maintenance and repair work in the university facilities. The result of my study on the data of maintenance and repair work for 12 years between 1990 and 2001 in the two campuses of the university that I selected for my case study is the following. (1) The yearly average for maintenance and repair cost in the facilities of the university with 67 old and new buildings for the past 12 years was $W4,422/m^2$. In addition, the repair cost based on the calculation of the degree of decrepitude of the buildings was $W10,291/m^2$. (2) The number of causes of maintenance and repair work increase steadily every year, due to the development of universities and changes in the educational environment. A special case like a university merger also appears, which also demands maintenance and repair work of university facilities. (3) It is important that a budget for interior maintenance is increased or added to an extent, in order to minimize the maintenance and repair cost of the university facilities, and to cope with changing educational environments flexibly. (4) The publication of a white paper that includes the planning of a building, construction process, and changes in design, seems to be required for the sake of users' convenience and efficient maintenance and repair work.