• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

As the information and communication environment develops, the environment of military facilities is also development remarkably. In proportion to this, cyber threats are also increasing, and in particular, APT attacks, which are difficult to prevent with existing signature-based cyber defense systems, are frequently targeting military and national infrastructure. It is important to identify attack groups for appropriate response, but it is very difficult to identify them due to the nature of cyber attacks conducted in secret using methods such as anti-forensics. In the past, after an attack was detected, a security expert had to perform high-level analysis for a long time based on the large amount of evidence collected to get a clue about the attack group. To solve this problem, in this paper, we proposed an automation technique that can classify an attack group within a short time after detection. In case of APT attacks, compared to general cyber attacks, the number of attacks is small, there is not much known data, and it is designed to bypass signature-based cyber defense techniques. As an attack model, we used MITRE ATT&CK® which modeled many parts of cyber attacks. We design an impact score considering the versatility of the attack techniques and proposed a group similarity score based on this. Experimental results show that the proposed method classified the attack group with a 72.62% probability based on Top-5 accuracy.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.115-127
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• 2021

With the development of science and technology around the world, the realm of cyberspace, following land, sea, air, and space, is also recognized as a battlefield area. Accordingly, it is necessary to design and establish various elements such as definitions, systems, procedures, and plans for not only physical operations in land, sea, air, and space but also cyber operations in cyberspace. In this research, the importance of cyber targets that can be considered when prioritizing the list of cyber targets selected through intermediate target development in the target development and prioritization stage of targeting processing of cyber operations was selected as a factor to be considered. We propose a method to calculate the score for the cyber target and use it as a part of the cyber target prioritization score. Accordingly, in the cyber target prioritization process, the cyber target importance category is set, and the cyber target importance concept and reference item are derived. We propose a TIR (Target Importance Rank) algorithm that synthesizes parameters such as Event Prioritization Framework based on PageRank algorithm for score calculation and synthesis for each derived standard item. And, by constructing the Stuxnet case-based network topology and scenario data, a cyber target importance score is derived with the proposed algorithm, and the cyber target is prioritized to verify the proposed algorithm.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.30-31
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• 2009

Early detection of schedule delay in field construction activities is vital to project management. It provides the opportunity to initiate remedial actions and increases the chance of controlling such overruns or minimizing their impacts. This entails project managers to design, implement, and maintain a systematic approach for progress monitoring to promptly identify, process and communicate discrepancies between actual and as-planned performances as early as possible. Despite importance, systematic implementation of progress monitoring is challenging: (1) Current progress monitoring is time-consuming as it needs extensive as-planned and as-built data collection; (2) The excessive amount of work required to be performed may cause human-errors and reduce the quality of manually collected data and since only an approximate visual inspection is usually performed, makes the collected data subjective; (3) Existing methods of progress monitoring are also non-systematic and may also create a time-lag between the time progress is reported and the time progress is actually accomplished; (4) Progress reports are visually complex, and do not reflect spatial aspects of construction; and (5) Current reporting methods increase the time required to describe and explain progress in coordination meetings and in turn could delay the decision making process. In summary, with current methods, it may be not be easy to understand the progress situation clearly and quickly. To overcome such inefficiencies, this research focuses on exploring application of unsorted daily progress photograph logs - available on any construction site - as well as IFC-based 4D models for progress monitoring. Our approach is based on computing, from the images themselves, the photographer's locations and orientations, along with a sparse 3D geometric representation of the as-built scene using daily progress photographs and superimposition of the reconstructed scene over the as-planned 4D model. Within such an environment, progress photographs are registered in the virtual as-planned environment, allowing a large unstructured collection of daily construction images to be interactively explored. In addition, sparse reconstructed scenes superimposed over 4D models allow site images to be geo-registered with the as-planned components and consequently, a location-based image processing technique to be implemented and progress data to be extracted automatically. The result of progress comparison study between as-planned and as-built performances can subsequently be visualized in the D4AR - 4D Augmented Reality - environment using a traffic light metaphor. In such an environment, project participants would be able to: 1) use the 4D as-planned model as a baseline for progress monitoring, compare it to daily construction photographs and study workspace logistics; 2) interactively and remotely explore registered construction photographs in a 3D environment; 3) analyze registered images and quantify as-built progress; 4) measure discrepancies between as-planned and as-built performances; and 5) visually represent progress discrepancies through superimposition of 4D as-planned models over progress photographs, make control decisions and effectively communicate those with project participants. We present our preliminary results on two ongoing construction projects and discuss implementation, perceived benefits and future potential enhancement of this new technology in construction, in all fronts of automatic data collection, processing and communication.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2023

Flipped learning is an instructional approach that reverses the traditional order of in-class and after-class activities. It entails students studying course materials before attending class, and then utilizing class time for completing homework tasks. Due to collaborative support available from teachers and peers, flipped learning has gained extensive adoption in computer science and engineering courses, enabling students to effectively engage in homework assignments. Nevertheless, students are responsible for studying class materials independently, which can limit their understanding of advanced topics. We propose an approach that combines both flipped learning and the traditional method, allowing them to mutually enhance each other. In the proposed approach, students acquire foundational concepts prior to attending class, and subsequently delve into advanced topics during classroom sessions through lectures and guidance provided by the teacher. Afterward, students collaborate with their peers to solve problems that involve the application of the concepts they have learned, and exchange a variety of solutions and perspectives. We implemented the proposed approach in four computer science and engineering classes, spanning one to four semesters and observed an enhancement in students' comprehension and satisfaction levels. We anticipate implementation of the proposed approach across various computer science and engineering courses, while enhancing their overall quality.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.107-117
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• 2023

It must be possible to assess how combat actions taking place in cyberspace affect the military's major mission systems and weapon systems. In order to analyze the mission impact caused by a cyber attack through cyber M&S, the target mission system and cyber warfare elements must be built as a model and a scenario for simulation must be authored. Many studies related to mission impact analysis due to cyber warfare have been conducted focusing on the United States, and existing studies have authored separate scenarios for physical battlefields and cyber battlefields. It is necessary to build a simulation environment that combines a physical battlefield model and a cyber battlefield model, and be able to integrate and author mission scenarios and cyber attack/defense scenarios. In addition, the physical battlefield and cyber battlefield are different work areas, so authoring two types of scenarios for simulation is very complicated and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a method of using mission system information to prepare the data needed for scenario authoring in advance and using the pre-worked data to author an integrated scenario. The proposed method is being developed by reflecting it in the design of the scenario authoring tool, and an integrated scenario authoring in the field of counter-fire warfare is being performed to prove the proposed method. In the future, by using a scenario authoring tool that reflects the proposed method, it will be possible to easily author an integrated scenario for mission impact analysis in a short period of time.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

In this paper, we explain the design and implementation of GWB(Gene WorkBench), which is a web-based, integrated system for efficiently managing and analyzing genomic sequences, Most existing software systems handling genomic sequences rarely provide both managing facilities and analyzing facilities. The analysis programs also tend to be unit programs that include just single or some part of the required functions. Moreover, these programs are widely distributed over Internet and require different execution environments. As lots of manual and conversion works are required for using these programs together, many life science researchers suffer great inconveniences. in order to overcome the problems of existing systems and provide a more convenient one for helping genomic researches in effective ways, this paper integrates both managing facilities and analyzing facilities into a single system called GWB. Most important issues regarding the design of GWB are how to integrate many different analysis programs into a single software system, and how to provide data or databases of different formats required to run these programs. In order to address these issues, GWB integrates different analysis programs byusing common input/output interfaces called wrappers, suggests a common format of genomic sequence data, organizes local databases consisting of a relational database and an indexed sequential file, and provides facilities for converting data among several well-known different formats and exporting local databases into XML files.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

As information technology fusion is accelerated, the researches to improve the quality and productivity of crops inside a plant factory actively progress. Advanced growth environment management technology that can provide thermal environment and air flow suited to the growth of crops and considering the characteristics inside a facility is necessary to maximize productivity inside a plant factory. Currently running plant factories are designed to rely on experience or personal judgment; hence, design and operation technology specific to plant factories are not established, inherently producing problems such as uneven crop production due to the deviation of temperature and air flow and additional increases in energy consumption after prolonged cultivation. The optimization process has to be set up in advance for the arrangement of air flow devices and operation technology using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) during the design stage of a facility for plant factories to resolve the problems. In this study, the optimum arrangement and air flow of air circulation fans were investigated to save energy while minimizing temperature deviation at each point inside a plant factory using CFD. The condition for simulation was categorized into a total of 12 types according to installation location, quantity, and air flow changes in air circulation fans. Also, the variables of boundary conditions for simulation were set in the same level. The analysis results for each case showed that an average temperature of 296.33K matching with a set temperature and average air flow velocity of 0.51m/s suiting plant growth were well-maintained under Case 4 condition wherein two sets of air circulation fans were installed at the upper part of plant cultivation beds. Further, control of air circulation fan set under Case D yielded the most excellent results from Case D-3 conditions wherein air velocity at the outlet was adjusted to 2.9m/s.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.12C
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• pp.1288-1298
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• 2002

To implement elliptic curve cryptosystem in GF(2$\^$m/) at high speed, a fast divider is required. Although bit-parallel architecture is well suited for high speed division operations, elliptic curve cryptosystem requires large m(at least 163) to support a sufficient security. In other words, since the bit-parallel architecture has an area complexity of 0(m$\^$m/), it is not suited for this application. In this paper, we propose a new serial-in serial-out systolic array for computing division operations in GF(2$\^$m/) using the standard basis representation. Based on a modified version of tile binary extended greatest common divisor algorithm, we obtain a new data dependence graph and design an efficient bit-serial systolic divider. The proposed divider has 0(m) time complexity and 0(m) area complexity. If input data come in continuously, the proposed divider can produce division results at a rate of one per m clock cycles, after an initial delay of 5m-2 cycles. Analysis shows that the proposed divider provides a significant reduction in both chip area and computational delay time compared to previously proposed systolic dividers with the same I/O format. Since the proposed divider can perform division operations at high speed with the reduced chip area, it is well suited for division circuit of elliptic curve cryptosystem. Furthermore, since the proposed architecture does not restrict the choice of irreducible polynomial, and has a unidirectional data flow and regularity, it provides a high flexibility and scalability with respect to the field size m.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

The Energy Storage System stores electricity for later use. This system can store electricity from legacy electric power systems or renewable energy systems into a battery device when demand is low. When there is high electricity demand, it uses the electricity previously stored and enables efficient energy usage and stable operation of the electric power system. It increases the energy usage efficiency, stabilizes the power supply system, and increases the utilization of renewable energy. The recent increase in the global interest for efficient energy consumption has increased the need for an energy storage system that can satisfy both the consumers' demand for stable power supply and the suppliers' demand for power demand normalization. In general, an energy storage system consists of a Power Conditioning System, a Battery Management System, a battery cell and peripheral devices. The specifications of the subsystems that form the energy storage system are manufacturer dependent. Since the core component interfaces are not standardized, there are difficulties in forming and operating the energy storage system. In this paper, the design of the profile structure for energy storage system and realization of private profiling system for energy storage system is presented. The profiling system accommodates diverse component settings that are manufacturer dependent and information needed for effective operation. The settings and operation information of various PCSs, BMSs, battery cells, and other peripheral device are analyzed to define profile specification and structure. A profile adapter software that can be applied to energy storage system is designed and implemented. The profiles for energy storage system generated by the profile authoring tool consist of a settings profile and operation profile. Setting profile consists of configuration information for energy device what composes energy saving system. To be more specific, setting profile has three parts of category as information for electric control module, sub system, and interface for communication between electric devices. Operation profile includes information in relation to the method in which controls Energy Storage system. The profiles are based on standard XML specification to accommodate future extensions. The profile system has been verified by applying it to an energy storage system and testing charge and discharge operations.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2021

To respond to the threat of global warming, countries around the world are promoting the spread of renewable energy and reduction of carbon emissions. In accordance with the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal to combat climate change and its impacts, global automakers are pushing for a full transition to electric vehicles within the next 10 years. Electric vehicles can be a useful means for reducing carbon emissions, but in order to reduce carbon generated in the stage of producing electricity for charging, a power generation system using eco-friendly renewable energy is required. In this study, we propose a smart electric mobility operating system integrated with off-grid solar power plants established in Tanzania, Africa. By applying smart monitoring and communication functions based on Arduino-based computing devices, information such as remaining battery capacity, battery status, location, speed, altitude, and road conditions of an electric vehicle or electric motorcycle is monitored. In addition, we present a scenario that communicates with the surrounding independent solar power plant infrastructure to predict the drivable distance and optimize the charging schedule and route to the destination. The feasibility of the proposed system was verified through test runs of electric motorcycles. In considering local environmental characteristics in Tanzania for the operation of the electric mobility system, factors such as eco-friendliness, economic feasibility, ease of operation, and compatibility should be weighed. The smart electric mobility operating system proposed in this study can be an important basis for implementing the SDGs' climate change response.