• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2021

This review aimed to assess and compare the outcomes of the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and Gow-Gates mandibular nerve block (GGMNB) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. A descriptive systematic review of quantitative research was conducted wherein the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA)" was adopted, and the Problem/Patient/Population, Intervention/Indicator, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) criteria were used to structure the research question. A literature search was performed using PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Ovid. Selection criteria were applied for populations over nine years of age, of either sex, with irreversible pulpitis, and articles published in English regarding conventional IANB or IANB and Gow-Gates techniques between 2009 and 2019. Prospective randomized clinical trials or randomized controlled trials were included in the review, in which anesthetic efficacy or success was measured. After screening, four articles were included. Three studies were randomized clinical trials, and two were randomized controlled trials. The validity and reliability of the individual studies were examined. There was evidence of the higher efficacy of the GGMNB technique than that of the IANB technique. However, both techniques can be mastered through training.

• Korea Trade Review
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.203-226
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• 2021

Sustainability is considered to be one of the most important social and environmental requirements of modern companies located in global supply chains, since the strong worldwide regulation on carbon emission due to global warming has been emphasized. Sustainable Supply Chain Management(SSCM) could be one of the great alternatives for global companies to maintain a pleasant business environment while fulfilling their social and environmental responsibilities. This paper aims to provide research trends and future directions on SSCM through a systematic literature review. From January of 2004 to May of 2021, 185 English-written and peer-reviewed articles published in eminent journals were selected for the review. The all reviewed papers have been published in SSCI, SCI and SCIE indexed journals and should have accredited by WOS and JCR. A descriptive analysis was followed by a content analysis with regard to research design and methods, and data analysis techniques. We found that the number of research in the field of SSCM have been recently increasing and researchers and their affiliation have been expanding to all over the world, especially to emerging countries. We also found that the rate of the empirical studies and relevant research methodologies applied to the selected papers were relatively high. In the future, it is desirable to be increased the number of the specific industry-oriented research and the quantitative research pursuing the optimality.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.81-100
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• 2001

In this paper I review previous analyses of specific indefinites, and propose a new analysis. The main claim is that a specific indefinite presupposes that an agent, a speaker in general, has in mind an individual which satisfies the descriptive content. I provide evidence for the ambiguity view of specificity. First, I show that a specific indefinite triggers a pre- supposition. Second, I show that a specific indefinite is a strong quantifier while a nonspecific is a weak one. Finally, I discuss different behaviors of specific and nonspecific indefinites in anaphora.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.129-159
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• 2014

This Study discuss exploring normative-prescriptive factors after the themes on Organizational learning categorize two descriptive/explanatory-perspectives, prescriptive/normative dimension. The former would contain information processing model, theory of action, organizing in organization, while Senge's suggestion on Learning Organization may compose the latter. Each perspective is reconstructed and reinterpreted into the causal mapping relationship founded on system thinking and SD. Underlying on the former try to discovery validities of the latter. But this study only put forward the integral-dynamic model of organizational learning without empirical simulation.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this review was to investigate whether motor imagery training has an effect on the recovery of upper extremity function in individuals with hemiparetic stroke or not. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed and three other databases were searched up to December 18th, 2018 and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating motor imagery training on upper extremity function in persons with a diagnosis of hemiparetic stroke were included. This review selected the following information from each study: surname of the first author, published year, nation, population, intervention, therapeutic intensity of intervention, therapeutic comparison, outcome measures, additional therapy, summary of results, and descriptive statistics of outcome measures. Results: This review selected seventeen RCTs with 487 stroke survivors and the following intervention methods: six motor imagery training with additional therapeutic technology, two motor imagery training with additional modified constraint-induced therapy, four mirror therapy, and five motor imagery training. Ten RCTs were eligible for meta-analysis after systematic review. The motor imagery group were more effective than the control group based on the Fugl-Meyer assessment (3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 5.22; heterogeneity [$chi^2=8.03$, df=8, $I^2=0%$], test of overall effect Z=3.76; test for subgroup differences [$chi^2=2.56$, df=2, $I^2=21.8%$]) and the Action Research Arm Test (1.32; 95% CI, -8.12 to 10.76; heterogeneity [$Tau^2=70.74$, $chi^2=15.22$, df=3, $I^2=80%$], test of overall effect Z=3.76). Conclusions: The results of this review suggests that motor imagery shows positive effectiveness on improving upper extremity function in persons with hemiparetic stroke.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.268-277
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• 2021

Background: Most antipsychotic drugs studies have been mainly conducted on side effects, randomized clinical trials, utilization rates, and trends. But there have been few studies on the influencing factors in elderly patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influencing factors on the outpatient prescription of antipsychotic drugs in the elderly patients. Methods: Active ingredients of antipsychotic drugs in Korea were selected according to the Korean Pharmaceutical Information Center (KPIC)'s classification. Data source was Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) claims data in 2020 and target patient group was the elderly patient group. We extracted patients who have been prescribed one or more antipsychotic drugs and visited only one medical institution. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, t-test, negative binomial regression. Results: A number of outpatients were 245,197 and prescriptions were 1,379,092. Most characteristics of patients were 75-85 year's old, female, health insurance type, no disease (dementia, schizophrenia), atypical drugs, cci score (>2) and characteristics of medical institution were neurology in specialty, rural region, general hospitals. Results of regression showed that patient's characteristics and medical center characteristics had significant effect on the outpatient prescription of antipsychotic drugs in the elderly patients. Conclusion: This study suggests that national policy of antipsychotic drugs in the elderly patients, with the consideration of the patients' and medical institutions' characteristics, is needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a performance appraisal tool (PAT) for postoperative anesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses. Methods: This study was a descriptive, non-experimental methodological study. The PAT was developed through a literature review and tests for validity and reliability. Results: Subsequent to a review of the literature on nursing performance of PACU nurse, a 63 item questionnaire was developed. Through factor analysis, 61 items in 3 domains with 8 factors were derived. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the final instrument was .99. Conclusion: This tool is an efficient PAT for PACU providing meaningful feedback for professional growth in PACU nurses.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2006

Statistical analyses used in clinical articles published on the Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society were identified and appropriateness of statistical aspects in reporting results was assessed. Forty seven clinical articles were selected in this study, which were published from February, 2005 to February, 2006 on the journal. The frequency of statistical analysis was as follows : descriptive statistics only 24 [51.1%]. one type of statistical method 10 [21.3%], two or more methods 13 [27.6%]. An assessment of statistical aspects was performed in 24 clinical articles reporting inferential statistics. Ten articles [41.7%] did not adequately describe or reference all statistical methods used. There were six articles [25.0%] not reporting the confidence level used as the critical criteria of the statistical significance. In thirteen articles [54.2%] it seems more appropriate to implement multivariate analyses in addition to univariate analyses. We recommend that the journal readers should concentrate on improving their knowledge of basic statistics and statistical review for manuscripts submitted should be sought from professionals in the fields of biostatistics and epidemiology.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.114-121
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• 2006

Purpose: Humor is an important part of life. Humor has many benefits as an intervention for hospitalized children. Humor is one strategy that pediatric nurses can use to help children cope with illness and hospitalizations. The purposes of the study were to 1) review the definition of humor, 2) identify methods and skills in using humor as an intervention, 3) identify the effects of humor as an intervention, and 4) suggest further research. Method: The design was a descriptive study with literature review. Previous studies were identified by searches of MEDLINE, CHNIAL, PUBMED and ProQuest. Results: Humor has positive physiological, psychological, social and communicative effects on patients and humor has a positive effect on the immune system. Conclusion: The main point identified from this study suggests that humor as a nursing intervention be developed for nurses to use with children who are hospitalized. Further research is needed to develop programs for humor as an intervention for health promotion and disease prevention in children.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2016

Purpose : This study was to suggest a recommendation of the role and the operating qualification system of health education specialists. Method : This study was conducted by law and descriptive literature review on health education and health promotion. Result : This study was to analysis of the contents of the National Health Promotion Law and the relevant literature. Conclusion : This study was to analyze the suggestions below to research a health education specialists qualifications and duties and role-specific factors based on the content of legislation and review of the literature.