• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.414-422
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• 2018

Purpose: To develop Korean Menstrual Symptom Scale (KMSS) for university students and test its reliability and validity. Methods: The scale was developed by intensive literature review, development of preliminary items, verification of content validity, development of secondary items, verification of construct validity, and extraction of final items. Thirty-nine items were constructed. Data for validity and reliability testing were collected with a questionnaire survey from 391 university students. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and reliability coefficients (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) with the SPSS program. Results: There were 37 final items which were sorted into six factors: 'negative affection (8 items)', 'change of activity level (7 items)', 'physical symptom (9 items)', 'mood change (9 items)', 'change in concentration level (4 items)', and 'body water retention (5 items)'. The cumulative percent of variance was 63.3%. Regarding the reliability of the scale, its Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was 0.96. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ values for these factors ranged from 0.75 to 0.91. Conclusion: The KMSS demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. Repeated research is needed to measure menstrual symptom experienced by women of variable ages.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.61
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• pp.31-69
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• 2019

This study seeks to find an organizational method suitable for literary records through a review of the application of records management and an archival exploration of the literary materials of the authors, which are housed in a decentralized collection of domestic literary museums. First, through literature research and case analysis, I explored the "principles of original order" for organizing by characteristics and values of literary records. Next, the organization model was applied to the literature materials of author Jo Jung-rae(1943~) that existed in the form of a 'split-collection' in the local literature museum after drawing a model suitable for organizing literary records as an example. In order to gain an integrated approach to the 'split-collection' by Cho Jung-rae, the research result suggests a model provided through a single gateway by linking descriptive information related to ICA AtoM-based 'Records-Writers-Literature Museum'. The organizational model for the collection of individual literature museum was designed to provide richer collective and contextual information compared to the existing simple list by developing a hierarchical classification system in accordance with the principle of record organizing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.329-339
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency, patterns, and factors of reversals in decisions about life-sustaining treatment (LST) among older patients with terminal-stage chronic cardiopulmonary disease. Methods: This was a retrospective correlational descriptive study based on medical chart review. De-identified patient electronic medical record data were collected from 124 deceased older patients with terminal-stage cardiopulmonary disease who had made reversals of LST decisions in an academic tertiary hospital in 2015. Data were extracted about the reversed LST decisions, LST treatments applied before death, and patients' demographic and clinical factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the reversal to higher intensity of LST treatment. Results: The use of inotropic agents was the most frequently reversed LST treatment, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intubation, ventilator therapy, and hemodialysis. Inconsistency between the last LST decisions and actual treatments occurred most often in hemodialysis. One-third of the reversals in LST decisions were made toward higher intensity of LST treatment. Patients who had lung diseases (vs. heart diseases); were single, divorced, or bereaved (vs. married); and had an acquaintance as a primary decision maker (vs. the patients themselves) were significantly more likely to reverse the LST decisions to higher intensity of LST treatment. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the complex and turmoil situation of the LST decision-making process among older patients with terminal-stage cardiopulmonary disease and suggests the importance of support for patients and families in their LST decision-making process.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.39-53
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• 2021

Purpose: Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) have so far been trained as professionals under the same conditions, with no change in the 1995 Act. We aimed to find ways for them to secure expertise in accordance with social needs by strengthening the quality of the EMT education. Methods: This is a descriptive study comparing the operation status of the national emergency medical examination conducted by the Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute, and the national examinations of EMT paramedic and EMT basic. The scope of the national examinations for EMT was compared by subject and area. Results: The national written exam for EMT paramedic consists of five areas. EMT basic does not include basic medicine in three related subjects, 11 areas, and 18 detail areas. Paramedic care does not include advanced pediatric life support. In addition, nine areas and 20 detail areas are not included. Conclusion: The study suggests the need for institutional supplementation so that those who have completed EMT basic and the subjects prescribed by the ordinance of the Ministry of Health and Welfare at universities, etc., in the Higher Education Act can take the EMT paramedic national exam.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2021

This study was a retrospective descriptive study to identify frequency and change of palliative care provided for older patients with terminal stage of cardiopulmonary disease before and after life-sustaining treatment (LST) decision making. As a result of chart review of 124 older patients in a university hospital, oral analgesics medication, cold and hot therapy for pain management, antibiotics medication and urine culture for urinary infection, oral care, hair wash, and partial bath were provided significantly less after LST decision making. Provision of praying and relaxation therapy for pain control, oral and nasal care, and emotional care were not changed before and after LST decision making. Spiritual care was the least provided care. Therefore, non-pharmacological pain management, emotional care, and spiritual care need to be improved for older patients with terminal cardiopulmonary disease at the end of life.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.75-98
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• 2012

This study seeks to address concerns, such as measurement and analysis in financial literacy, and also offers comparative evidence of financial literacy among Korean-Japanese, Japanese and Korean high school students. A robust measure of financial literacy amongst young people will provide information that can indicate whether the current approach to financial education is effective. Comparative results could be summarized as follows: First, the mean percentage of correct answers in a Korean school in Tokyo was lower than that in Japan, Korea, and U.S. Second, in income, saving & investing, spending & credit areas, Japanese students were more literate financially than those in the U.S., Korea, and a Korean school in Tokyo. And, in money management area, Korean students had higher score than those in the U.S., lower than those in Japan. Third, while the financial literacy in academic preparation was the highest area, that in household management was the lowest among other areas for all studies in Japan, Korea, U.S., and a Korean school in Tokyo.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.142-147
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to objectively and systematically investigate the effect of Kinesio taping by organizing and analyzing the research results using effect size. Methods: A total of 1,000 papers was searched, and 100 of them were selected the first time. Afterward, the effects of taping were analyzed and classified papers that studied balance, muscle strength, and pain, and finally 34 papers were selected. The effect size was calculated using the Effect Size Calculators (University of Colorado, USA) program. Statistical analysis was performed by using PASW Statistics software version 23.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics were used to obtain the effect size and confidence interval for each group. Results: In a study related to balance control ability, the effect size was 1.519 in the young subjects group (20-39 years old), and the effect size in the elderly group (65 years or older) was 0.360. In a study related to muscle strength, the effect size was 0.469 in the group of young subjects and 0.250 in the middle-aged group (40-65 years old), and the effect size of the elderly group was 0.848. In the study related to pain control, the effect size was 0.469 in the young group, the effect size of the middle-aged group was 0.972, and the effect size of the elderly group was 1.040. Conclusion: Kinesio taping differed in the degree of effect according to the age group of the subjects, but it was effective in balance control ability, muscle strength, and pain.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2020

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate adverse outcome associated with acupotomy and compare it with that of acupuncture. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the chart records of 71 patients who received acupotomy at Daemyung Korean medical clinic from January 7, 2020 to March 6, 2020. We divided the acupotomy treatment area into 10, including the head, hand, chest, knees, shoulders, low back, neck, upper extremities, thighs, and feet. Furthermore, we investigated the adverse effect of acupotomy on those areas after treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and frequency analysis. Results : 'Bruise of specific region' accounted for the largest portion with 29 cases, followed by 24 cases of 'feeling tired and sleepy' and 17 cases of 'itch'. There were 16 cases of 'sustained pain' at the area of treatment, 11 cases of 'fatigue', 5 cases of 'swelling', 5 cases of 'dizziness', 4 cases of 'hematoma'. There were 3 cases of 'vertigo' and 2 cases of 'parathesia' and 'wide bruises', 'headache', 'gastric discomfort', 'bleeding', and 'skin rash' each. There was one case each that experienced 'unclear pronunciation', 'nausea', 'abnormal sweating', 'vomiting' and 'emotional/psychological reactions'. Conclusions : Adverse outcomes associated with acupotomy were mostly 'bruise of specific region', 'feeling tired and sleepy', 'itch', 'sustatained pain', and 'fatigue'. However, no adverse outcome or irreversible damage that have a serious effect on the body were observed.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.149-164
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean Nurse Residency Program (KNRP) in order to facilitate new nurses' transition to clinical practice working at tertiary hospitals in Korea. Methods: The KNRP was developed through a literature review, investigation of NRP cases in United States, two rounds of expert consultation, and appropriateness survey. For appropriateness survey of the program, a questionnaire with 118 items and 14 subcategories including overview and operation of KNRP, education programs, staffing criteria for new nurses' education, preceptor supporting strategies, evaluation standards for new nurse's education, infrastructure, and KNRP benefits was used. Data were collected from 369 nurses including nurse educators, nurse managers, preceptors, and new nurses working at 43 tertiary hospitals in Korea from February 16, 2021 to March 22, 2021. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Appropriateness score of KNRP was 3.42±0.31 (out of 4) and those of 14 subcategories ranged from 3.18±0.47 to 3.58±0.46. The final version of the KNRP postulated is a one-year program, which is composed of off-job training and on-site training including preceptorship over 3 months, and competency reinforcement and adaptation supporting programs. Conclusion: The application of the one-year KNRP will facilitate new graduate nurses' transition to clinical practice. In order for effective application of the KNRP, cooperative efforts of the government, professional associations, and hospitals are needed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.379-387
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the actual state of childbirth in Korean women with natural childbirth and the degree of damage to the perineum during childbirth. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of mothers who had natural childbirth at a hospital in Seoul, Korea in 2018. Data from 358 women with cephalic births at greater than 37 gestational weeks were analyzed. To determine natural childbirth characteristics and the degree of damage to the perineum, descriptive statistics were done. The difference in the degree of perineal injury according to obstetric characteristics was analyzed using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean age was 33.18±3.68 years, and 49.2% were primiparas, while 39% gave birth with a doula. The degree of perineal damage differed by age (F=9.15, p<.001), parity (t=19.13, p<.001), number of births in multiparity (F=3.68, p=.027), previous vaginal delivery in multiparity (F=3.00, p=.032) and birthing posture (F=7.44, p<.001). Having received therapeutic procedures (t=-4.62, p<.001), specifically fluid administration (t=-2.72, p=.007), oxygen supply (t=-2.76, p=.006) and epidural anesthesia (t=-2.77, p=.006) were statistically significant for perineal damage. There were no differences, however, by gestational period, doula use, water room use in labor, baby head circumference, or birth weight. Conclusion: Study findings suggest that support for older women, primiparas, and those who require therapeutic procedures may help to decrease the possibility of perineal damage during childbirth. As perineal damage was also associated with birthing posture, this should be considered when providing intrapartum nursing care.