• Educational Technology International
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.169-197
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• 2021

Learning agility as high potentials is drawing attention as a competency for leading an uncertain future society. The present study aims to determine the factors of learning agility in higher education context for future society. To address this goal, Major factors related to learning agility were derived through literature review and statistically verified. For statistical analysis, the nationwide data were collected from 1,000 undergraduate students in South Korea by National Youth Policy Institute. The participants asked to answer 29 items of learning agility questionnaires (LAQ). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. As a result, learning agility items were verified normality and reliability. Learning agility was identified seven factors; challenging mind, learning responsibility, reflecting experience, intellectual curiosity, systemic thinking, change adaptability, and logical thinking. Also, the structural model fit of the seven factors of learning agility was also confirmed to be good. Based on the findings of the present study, empirical, theoretical, and practical contributions were presented, and suggestions for further research were proposed in detail.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to introduce a proposed Framework for Evaluating the Return on Investment (ROI) of E-Learning Programs at Saudi Universities. To achieve this goal, the descriptive analysis methodology is used to analyze the literature review about e-learning and its evaluation from different viewpoints, especially from the ROI-related perspective. As well as the literature reviews related to ROI and the methods of calculating it inside society institutes. This study suggests a conceptual framework for evaluating the ROI of E-Learning Programs at Saudi Universities. This framework is based on the merging process among the analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model for designing e-learning programs, which gives detailed procedures for executing the program, several evaluating models for e-learning, and the Kirkpatrick model for evaluating the ROI of e-learning. It consists of seven stages (analysis, calculating the costs, design, development, implementation, calculation of the benefits, and calculation of the final ROI).

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the risk factors for oral mucosa pressure ulcer development in intubated patients in adult intensive care unit. Methods: Comparative descriptive study design using prospective observational design and medical record review was used. The inclusion criteria of case was that a) patients of 18 years in their age, b) patients with endotracheal tube. Data of 34 patients were analysed. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-whitney test, Spearman's rho correlation coefficients, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used. Resampling methods such as bootstrap was used in this study because of small number of patients. Results: Oral mucosa pressure ulcer developed in 44.1% of the intubated patients. The risk factors of oral mucosa pressure ulcer were steroid use, biteblock use and serum albumin level. Compared to the non-user of steroid, user of steroid had 32.59 times (95% CI: 1.47-722.44) higher risk of developing oral mucosa pressure ulcer. The user of biteblock had 18.78 times (95% CI: 1.00-354.40) and albumin level had 0.03 times (95% CI: 0.00-0.80) higher risk of oral mucosa pressure ulcer incidence. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, tailored pressure relief strategies considering sex and therapeutic condition should be provided to decrease oral mucosa pressure ulcer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.6941-6945
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• 2015

Background: Awareness and attitudes of nurses regarding end of life care are important factors in providing hospice care. In an extensive literature review, we found no related articles investigating Iranian nurses awareness and attitudes about providing such care. Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the awareness and attitudes of Iranian nurses in providing hospice care. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 240 nurses employed in six educational centers were selected by non-randomized stratified sampling. The data collection instruments included an awareness test and attitudes regarding providing end of life care in hospice questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests. Results: The nurses' awareness score was 14.3 out of 29 and 55.7% of them stated that they had not received any education in providing end of life care. Also, by obtaining the score of 91.7 out of 120 the attitudes of participants in providing end of life care in hospices were positive. In addition, the highest attitudes score of nurses were in the dimensions of benefits of implementation and health care team. Conclusions: Considering low awareness of nurses about end of life care in hospices, continuing education should be provided for them in this regard. Especially, by considering the positive attitude of nurses, providing such programs could help develop hospice care in Iran.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.102-114
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to identify consumption status, risk awareness and experience of adverse effects of high caffeine energy drink among university students. Methods: This study was a descriptive survey including 270 students in 2 universities and 7 colleges in D metropolitan city. Consumption Status, Risk Awareness and Experience of Adverse Effects of High-Caffeine Energy Drink tools were developed by literature review. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and $x^2$-test. Results: In the results, 86.7% of the students had previous experience of energy drink consumption and male students and smokers had more experience of energy drink consumption than female students and nonsmokers. The reason of energy drink consumption was increasing alertness for studying. 45.7% of the students were aware of the risk of high caffeine energy drink and the first risk was sleep disturbance. 51.1% of students were experienced adverse effects, mainly palpitation and sleeplessness. Conclusion: The results suggest a need to increase awareness of adverse effects and potential risks of high caffeine energy drink consumption in university students. In addition, university and government should provide education and campaigns to prevent excessive high caffeine energy drink consumption.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.189-200
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• 2016

This study was done to review and summarize trends in research related to organizational silence, to realize convergent association of relating variables, subjects and to explore directions for future research. 26 research papers related to organizational silence, which were published in Korea between 2006 and 2015, were analyzed. 25 articles was published between 2011 and 2015. 96.2% of the study were descriptive research. The subjects were higher in the order of the police, hotel employees, corporate employees. Measurement instrument developed by Van Dyne, Ang & Botero(2003) were used and modified. Turnover intention were used in 13 studies as dependent variable of organizational silence. The findings of this study suggest that should be performed to identify variables related to organizational silence and to develop measurement instrument of organizational silence in Korea climate.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with the critical thinking ability of nursing students at the individual and school levels. The study adopted a descriptive design and recruited 465 nursing students from four nursing schools from November 2014 to September 2015 through convenience sampling. The Clinical Critical Thinking Skill Test was used to measure critical thinking ability, and the data were analyzed with the SAS ver. 9.4 program (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) for descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, and multi-level model. The results showed that clinical practicum experience (${\beta}=-0.72$, p=0.025), taking critical thinking courses (${\beta}=0.63$, p=0.010), and taking simulation courses (${\beta}=0.56$, p=0.035) improved critical thinking ability in the individual level model. In the school level model, the interaction effect between the years of clinical practice done by the student and the presence of full-time clinical instructors was significant (${\beta}=1.29$, p=0.011). These results suggest that critical thinking ability improves with the more years of clinical practice individual nursing students have, and this improvement is greater with the presence of full-time clinical instructors in the school. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing students undergo critical thinking and simulation courses to develop their critical thinking ability, and dedicated clinical instructors in nursing schools should play a vital role.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.314-326
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of uncertainty, social support, and sick role behavior on health-related quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Methods: This study is a descriptive research using self-reporting questionnaire. Data were collected from 167 patients with peripheral arterial disease. Measurement tools were Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support(MSPSS), Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), Sick role behavior measurement tools and SF-36 Version I. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis by using SPSS/WIN 24.0. Results: Factors that significantly influenced physical health-related quality of life were age (β=-.19, p=.010), monthly income (β=.17, p=.027), uncertainty (β=-.29, p<.001), and exercise and rest (β=.28, p<.001) that all together accounted for 32.6% of the variance. Factors that significantly influenced mental health-related quality of life were monthly income (β=.20, p=.015), drinking (β=.17, p=.040), uncertainty (β=-.24, p=.001), and exercise and rest in sick role behavior (β=.26, p=.003) that all together accounted for 18.2% of the variance. Social support was an insignificant factor on physical and mental health-related quality of life. Conclusion: To improve the health-related quality of life of people with peripheral arterial disease, it is necessary to develop a systematic nursing intervention program including a strong support system, education, strategies for alcohol abstinence, and exercise and rest therapy.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.296-304
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to demonstrate objective stability of postoperative pain management status managed by nurse-based, anesthesiologist-supervised Acute Pain Service (APS). Methods: A retrospective descriptive review was conducted with 5,748 patients who had used intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) from January to December 2017. Data were analyzed using descriptive statics, Frequency analysis, ANOVA, Cross tabulation with χ2test, and Correlation coefficient. Results: As the APS nurse's education date increased, the period of using PCA was statistically significantly longer, and the period of stopping PCA while using it became shorter (p<.001). Statistically significant, the most painful operations were extremities, spine, upper abdomen, and thorax, while the least painful surgery was lower abdomen (p<.001). Lower abdominal surgery used the highest amount of PCA (p<.001), and extremities and spinal surgery, the lowest amount of PCA and frequently stop using it (p<.001). The most common side effects were nausea and vomiting after surgery, with an incidence of 16.0% within 24 hours and 9.8% within 48 hours. The overall error caused by PCA was 1.5%, with 84.3% being caused by human errors. Conclusion: With the pain management effect of APS nurses, patients used PCA more effectively. There were also fewer side effects and error rates compared to prior studies. Therefore, it is suggested that this system is safe and effective for pain management.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.101-109
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• 2017

This study seeks the career development path for standard professional manpower training to respond to the $4^{th}$ industrial revolution based on the analysis of overseas professional manpower training from USA and EU. Based on the cases of USA & Europe and in-depth interview, this study suggested a professional manpower training system to cultivate both general expert and specialists at the same time. The study suggested that there is a need to train standard professional manpower with convergence professionalism that can combine the detailed fields in accordance with general and specific field. As for the program helping career development of professional manpower, job transfer/circulation system, career counseling, mentoring were suggested. Also, the study suggested that the training requires foundations such as various constructions of certification system of standard professional manpower, securing instructors with ability to conduct standard education wand professionalism, and empowerment through reeducation of current standard related manpower. This study is limited as it is a descriptive study based on domestic and overseas literature review and overseas case analysis in seeking career development path for professional manpower training. There is a need to diversify empirical research that could review the validity of the study result related to the $4^{th}$ industrial revolution and standard professional manpower.