• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.434-437
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• 2010

For approval of medical devices manufactured or imported, submission of technical documents as well as the application form is required. The manufacturer (or importer) should properly identify the raw materials the applied product is made of and the manufacturing processes the product undergoes before it is shipped in the application form. In the technical documents, scientific data to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and quality of the applied product that has been described in the application form should be provided. Therefore, identifying the raw materials that were used for the parts of the applied product and describing the physical and chemical characteristics of the raw materials are quite important and essential in ensuring the efficacy, safety, and quality of the applied product. To describe the physical and chemical characteristics of the raw materials correctively, the applicant is required to have broad knowledge in the scientific fields such as chemical, polymer, metal, and ceramic science and engineering. But most of the applicant are not experts in these fields, so that the description in the application form often includes wrong and improper descriptions. Thus, we developed a guideline which explains the raw materials for medical devices, show the their examples. The purpose of this description guideline is to help the applicant properly completing the "Raw materials or constituents and their volumes" part in the application form.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.109-128
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• 2021

본고에서는 LRM 노멘 개체를 수용하기 위한 전거제어시 고려사항을 모색하고자 문헌연구, RDA 규칙분석, 국내 목록 전문가 의견조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 전거제어를 위해 노멘의 속성 요소, 목록기술, MARC 전거포맷 측면에서 고려사항을 제안하였다. 첫째, 노멘의 속성으로 LRM 노멘의 유형, 스킴, 이용대상자, 이용맥락, 참고정보원, 언어, 문자, 문자변환과 RDA에서 추가한 식별상태, 주기, 구분불가한 이름지시자의 기술을 가능한 상세히 기술해야 한다. 둘째, 노멘의 속성요소 및 관계요소를 기술하기 위해 목록규칙인 RDA에 제시된 대로 비구조화, 구조화, 식별자, IRI로 기술하며, 이중 구조화된 기술을 위해서는 어휘인코딩스킴(VES), 스트링인코딩스킴(SES)이 작성되어야 한다. 또한, 전거형접근점에 대한 구조 및 우선 이름/표제에 대한 목록 규칙도 마련되어야 한다. 셋째, LRM 노멘을 반영할 수 있도록 MARC 21 전거포맷을 마련하기 위해 Maxwell의 확장(안)을 바탕으로 추가 확장 방안을 제안하였다. (1) 노멘 마다 속성이 입력될 수 있도록 4XX, 5XX에 속성이 기술되어야 하며, 1XX, 5XX와 4XX에 기술될 노멘의 속성을 구분하였다. (2) 노멘 속성으로 유형, 언어, 문자, 문자변환, 이용맥락, 유효기간을 기술하기 위해서는 MARC 21내에 표시기호 및 식별기호가 추가되어야 한다. 이에 368, 381, 377의 식별기호 확장과 이용맥락과 유효기간을 기술하기 위한 표시기호를 추가할 것을 제안하였다. 본고에서 제안한 LRM 노멘을 위한 전거제어시 고려사항은 국내에서 LRM을 반영한 전거제어 방안을 마련하는 기반이 될 것이다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.243-257
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• 2016

The increase of air traffic volume has brought an increasing amount of issues related to carbon and NOx emissions and noise pollution. Aircraft manufacturers are concentrating their efforts to develop technologies to increase aircraft efficiency and consequently to reduce pollutant discharge and noise emission. Ultra High By-Pass Ratio engine concepts provide reduction of fuel consumption and noise emission thanks to a decrease of the jet velocity exhausting from the engine nozzles. In order to keep same thrust, mass flow and therefore section of fan/nacelle diameter should be increased to compensate velocity reduction. Such feature will lead to close-coupled architectures for engine installation under the wing. A strong jet-wing interaction resulting in a change of turbulent mixing in the aeroacoustic field as well as noise enhancement due to reflection phenomena are therefore expected. On the other hand, pressure fluctuations on the wing as well as on the fuselage represent the forcing loads, which stress panels causing vibrations. Some of these vibrations are re-emitted in the aeroacoustic field as vibration noise, some of them are transmitted in the cockpit as interior noise. In the present work, the interaction between a jet and wing or fuselage is reproduced by a flat surface tangential to an incompressible jet at different radial distances from the nozzle axis. The change in the aerodynamic field due to the presence of the rigid plate was studied by hot wire anemometric measurements, which provided a characterization of mean and fluctuating velocity fields in the jet plume. Pressure fluctuations acting on the flat plate were studied by cavity-mounted microphones which provided point-wise measurements in stream-wise and spanwise directions. Statistical description of velocity and wall pressure fields are determined in terms of Fourier-domain quantities. Scaling laws for pressure auto-spectra and coherence functions are also presented.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the fastest technologies that are used in various applications and fields. The concept of IoT will not only be limited to the fields of scientific and technical life but will also gradually spread to become an essential part of our daily life and routine. Before, IoT was a complex term unknown to many, but soon it will become something common. IoT is a natural and indispensable routine in which smart devices and sensors are connected wirelessly or wired over the Internet to exchange and process data. With all the benefits and advantages offered by the IoT, it does not face many security and privacy challenges because the current traditional security protocols are not suitable for IoT technologies. In this paper, we presented a comprehensive survey of the latest studies from 2018 to 2021 related to the security of the IoT and the use of machine learning (ML) and deep learning and their applications in addressing security and privacy in the IoT. A description was initially presented, followed by a comprehensive overview of the IoT and its applications and the basic important safety requirements of confidentiality, integrity, and availability and its application in the IoT. Then we reviewed the attacks and challenges facing the IoT. We also focused on ML and its applications in addressing the security problem on the IoT.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2022

다양한 분야에서 인공지능을 활용한 사례가 증가하면서 침입탐지 분야 또한 다양한 이슈를 인공지능을 통해 해결하려는 시도가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 머신러닝을 통한 예측된 결과에 관한 이유를 설명하거나 추적할 수 없는 블랙박스 기반이 대부분으로 이를 활용해야 하는 보안 전문가에게 어려움을 주고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 다양한 분야에서 머신러닝의 결정을 해석하고 이해하는데 도움이 되는 설명 가능한 AI(XAI)에 대한 연구가 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 머신러닝 기반의 침입탐지 예측 결과에 대한 신뢰성을 강화하기 위한 설명 가능한 AI를 제안한다. 먼저, XGBoost를 통해 침입탐지 모델을 구현하고, SHAP을 활용하여 모델에 대한 설명을 구현한다. 그리고 기존의 피처 중요도와 SHAP을 활용한 결과를 비교 분석하여 보안 전문가가 결정을 수행하는데 신뢰성을 제공한다. 본 실험을 위해 PKDD2007 데이터셋을 사용하였으며 기존의 피처 중요도와 SHAP Value에 대한 연관성을 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 SHAP 기반의 설명 가능한 AI가 보안 전문가들에게 침입탐지 모델의 예측 결과에 대한 신뢰성을 주는데 타당함을 검증하였다.

• 한국데이타베이스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국데이타베이스학회 1997년도 International Conference MULTIMEDIA DATABASES on INTERNET
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• pp.455-462
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• 1997

SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Language) is the ISO standard fer describing the logical structure of documents and is also adopted as the CALS standard for document description. Since then, there have been growing interests in SGML application in a variety of fields. However because SGML doesn't provide a standard method for describing various processing informations, ie, formatting and transformation, most applications have applied methods that are system dependent. Recently, ISO defined DSSSL(Document Style Semantics and Specification Language) as a standard mechanism to specify the formatting, transformation and retrieval of structured documents. Therefore, in this paper, we present a DSSSL processing system far style control of structured documents such as SGML documents. The system processes DSSSL style sheet that describes layout of documents and browses the result of its application to a SGML document. We have conducted tests on a lot of SGML documents and DSSSL style sheets successfully. Now, we are developing the SGML document management system that supports creation, editing, storage and retrieval of SGML document based upon the DSSSL processor and the SGML parser which we have developed.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권2_3_4호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2002

A two dimensional discrete vortex method (DIVEX) has been developed at the Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Glasgow, to predict unsteady and incompressible flow fields around closed bodies. The basis of the method is the discretisation of the vorticity field, rather than the velocity field, into a series of vortex particles that are free to move in the flow field that the particles collectively induce. This paper gives a brief description of the numerical implementation of DIVEX and presents the results of calculations on a recent suspension bridge deck section. The results from both the static and flutter analysis of the main deck in isolation are in good agreement with experimental data. A brief study of the effect of flow control vanes on the aeroelastic stability of the bridge is also presented and the results confirm previous analytical and experimental studies. The aeroelastic study is carried out firstly using aerodynamic derivatives extracted from the DIVEX simulations. These results are then assessed further by presenting results from full time-dependent aeroelastic solutions for the original deck and one of the vane cases. In general, the results show good qualitative and quantitative agreement with results from experimental data and demonstrate that DIVEX is a useful design tool in the field of wind engineering.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.219-241
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• 1999

인터넷 자원에 효율적으로 접근하기 위해서는 그 정보를 체계적으로 조직화할 필요성이 있으며, 이러한 자원을 편목하는 기술은 발전하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 AACR2의 기술과 절차를 응용한 OCLC 매뉴얼과 인터넷 자원을 편목하는데 사용되는 더블린 코어를 비교분석하여, MARC 포맷으로의 매핑을 살펴보았다. 더블린 코어 형태로 제공되는 메타데이터 요소는 MARC포맷의 각 필드로 변환 할 수 있어야 한다. 또한, 여러 유형의 메타데이터 통합에 대한 방법으로 MARC에 대한 수정 및 새로운 필드의 마련이 필요하다. 특히 이러한 기술법을 정통한 인터넷자원 편목전문가들의 등장이 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2019

There is a description that you cannot manage what you do not measure. The Korea Ministry of National Defense (MND) is conducting evaluations in various fields to obtain meaningful effects from IT investments, and views that the evaluation of the defense informatization sector is divided into defense informatization policy evaluation and defense informatization project evaluation. The defense informatization level evaluation can measure the informatization level of MND and the armed forces or organizations. Since the evaluation system being studied to measure the level of defense informatization is composed mainly of qualitative metrics, it is necessary to reconstruct it based on quantitative metrics that can guarantee objectivity. In addition, for managing the level of change by evaluation objects, the evaluation system should be designed with a focus on homeostasis of metrics so that it can be measured periodically. Moreover, metrics need to be promoted in terms of performance against targets. To this end, this study proposes to measure the level of defense informatization by dividing it into defense information network, computer systems, interoperability and standardization, information security, information environment, and information system use, and suggests their metrics.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2014

The Viterbi decoding algorithm, which provides maximum - likelihood decoding, is currently considered the most widely used technique for the decoding of codes having a state description, including the class of linear error-correcting convolutional codes. Two classes of nonbinary convolutional codes are presented. Distance preserving mapping convolutional codes and M-ary convolutional codes are designed, respectively, from the distance-preserving mappings technique and the implementation of the conventional convolutional codes in Galois fields of order higher than two. We also investigated the performance of these codes when combined with a multiple frequency-shift keying (M-FSK) modulation scheme to correct narrowband interference (NBI) in power-line communications channel. Themodification of certain detectors of the M-FSK demodulator to refine the selection and the detection at the decoder is also presented. M-FSK detectors used in our simulations are discussed, and their chosen values are justified. Interesting and promising obtained results have shown a very strong link between the designed codes and the selected detector for M-FSK modulation. An important improvement in gain for certain values of the modified detectors was also observed. The paper also shows that the newly designed codes outperform the conventional convolutional codes in a NBI environment.