• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2008

The aeration of an overtopping wave on a vertical structure generated by a plunging wave was investigated through laboratory measurements of void fraction. The overtopping wave occurring after wave breaking becomes multi-phased and turbulent with significant aeration, so that the void fraction of the flow is of importance. In this study, fiber optic reflectometer and bubble image velocimetry were employed to measure the void fraction, velocity, and layer thickness of the overtopping flow. Mean properties were obtained by ensembleand time-averaging the repeated instantaneous void fractions and velocities. The mean void fractions show that the overtopping wave is very high-aerated near the overtopping wave front and relatively low-aerated near the deck surface and rear free surface of the wave. The flow rate and momentum of the overtopping flow estimated using the measured data show that the void ratio is an important parameter to consider in the multiphase flow. From the similarity profiles of the depth-averaged void fraction, velocity, and layer thickness, one-dimensional empirical equations were obtained and used to estimate the flow rate and momentum of the overtopping flow.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.187-207
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• 2019

In order to develop a high performance ocean model, we used Julia, a Just-In-Time compile language, and to obtain the solution of the momentum equation, we made the code to solve the Poisson equation by the Successive Over-Relaxation method. And then we made two models to test Julia calculation codes. First, a simple channel form is modeled to test constant source/sink conditions. Second, the simplified Yellow Sea was modeled to test tidal forcing, Coriolis forces, and the effect of vertical eddy diffusivity coefficients. The model has been tested with a total of eight cases in the two scenarios. As a result of the test, the depth-averaged current speed of the three cases in Scenario 1 converged perfectly to the theoretical value, and that showed well a vertical flow velocity gradient due to the bottom friction. Also, the result of Scenario 2 represented well the amphidromic points of Yellow Sea and the tidal characteristics of mid-western and southwestern coast of Korea. Therefore, it is considered that the ocean model using Julia language has developed successfully, this suggests that the ocean model has come to the stage of successful transition from a classical compile language to a Just-In-Time compile language.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.865-875
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• 2022

Field measurements and numerical simulations using EFDC model were performed to quantify the changes of water circulation near Gusipo coast located in the Yellow Sea of Korea to estimate the impact of the construction of the coastal structures (jetty, groin, Gusipo port and bridge). The model predicted tide and tidal currents agreed reasonably well with the measurements. The maximum currents during spring tide near the Gusipo Beach (GB) have the range of 20~40 cm/sec whereas those off the GB range from 60 to 80 cm/sec. The typical patterns of tidal current show parallel with the local isobath. Tidal currents flow northeastward during the flood tide whereas the currents during the ebb tide flow southwestward. The current speeds at shielded waters after the construction of coastal structures strongly decreased as compared with those before the construction. The tidal volume due to the construction of coastal structures was estimated using the depth averaged velocity for 24 hours of spring tide. Tidal volume after construction of coastal structures was compared with initial state (before construction). Tidal volume at present state (after construction of jetty, groin, Gusipo port and bridge) decreased by 28.4% as compared with that of the initial state. The volume after construction of jetty and groin decreased by 21.3%, and the volume after construction of Gusipo port and bridge decreased by 9.8%.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2016

In cases of water pollution accidents, accurate prediction for arrival time and concentration of contaminants in a river is essential to take proper measures and minimize their impact on downstream water intake facilities. It is critical to fully understand the behavior characteristics of contaminants on river surface, especially in case of oil spill accidents. Therefore, in this study, the effects of main parameters of advection and diffusion of contaminants were analyzed and validated by comparing the results of Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) simulation of Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) model with those of Global Position System (GPS)-equipped drifter experiment. Prevention scenario modeling was accomplished by taking cases of movable weir operation into account. The simulated water level and flow velocity fluctuations agreed well with observations. There was no significant difference in the speed of surface particle movement between 5 and 10 layer modeling. Therefore, 5 layer modeling could be chosen to reduce computational time. It was found that full three dimensional modeling simulated wind effects on surface particle movements more sensitively than depth-averaged two dimensional modeling. The diffusion range of particles was linearly proportional to horizontal diffusivity by sensitivity analysis. Horizontal diffusivity estimated from the results of GPS-equipped drifter experiment was 0.096 m²/sec, which was considered to be valid for applying the LPT module in this area. Finally, the scenario analysis results showed that particle movements could be stagnant when discharge from the upstream weir was reduced, implying the possibility of securing time for mitigation actions such as oil boom installation and wiping oil contaminants. The outcomes of this study can help improve the prediction accuracy of particle tracking simulation to establish the most suitable mitigation plan considering the combination of movable weir operation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.279-293
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• 1995

The most obvious and easily recognizable sources of potential water pollution are point sources such as domestic and industrial wastes. But recently, the potential effects of nonpoint sources on water quality have been increased apparently. In order to evaluate the characteristics and the effects of nonpoint sources on water quality, this study was performed in Suyeong Bay from May, 1992 to July, 1992. The depth-averaged 2-dimensional numerical model, which consists of the hydrodynamic model and the diffusion model was applied to simulate the water quality in Suyeong Bay. When flowrate was $65.736m^3/s,$ the concentration of pollutants (COD, TSS and VSS) at Oncheon stream (Sebeong bridge) during second flush were very high as much as 121.4mg/l of COD, 1148.0mg/l of TSS and 262.0mg/1 of VSS. When flowrate was 4.686m^3/s, the concentration of pollutants $(TIN,\;NH_4\;^+-\;N,\;NO_2\;^--N\;and\;PO_4\;^{3-}-P)$ during the first flush were very high as much as 20.306mg/1 of TIN, 14.154mg/1 of $NH_4\;^+-N$, 9.571mg/l of $NO_2\;^--N$ and l.785mg/l of $PO_2\;^{3-}-P$ As results of the hydrodynamic model simulation, the computed maximum velocity of tidal currents in Suyeong Bay was 0.3m/s and their direction was clockwise flow for ebb tide and counter clockwise flow for Hood tide. Four different methods were applied for the diffusion simulation in Suyeong Bay. There were the effects for the water quality due to point loads, annual nonpoint loads and nonpoint loads during the wet weather and the investigation period, respectively. The efforts of annual nonpoint loads and nonpoint loads during the wet weather seem to be slightly deteriorated in comparison with the effects of point loads. However, the bay was significantly polluted by the nonpoint loads during the investigation period. In this case, COD and SS concentrations ranged 2.0-30.0mg/l, 7.0- 200.0mg/l in ebb tide, respectively. From these results, it can be emphasized that the large amount of pollutants caused by nonpoint sources during the wet weather were discharged into the bay, and affected significantly to both the water quality and the marine ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the loadings of nonpoint pollutants to plan wastewater treatment plant.