• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2889-2894
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• 2015

Background: To investigate the impact of the breast size, shape, maximum heart depth (MDH), and chest wall hypotenuse (the distance connecting middle point of the sternum and the length of lung draw on the selected transverse CT slice) on the volumetric dose to heart with whole breast irradiation (WBI) of left-sided breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three patients with left-sided breast cancer undergoing adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were enrolled in the study. The primary breast size and shape, MHD and DCWH (chest wall hypotenuse) were contoured on radiotherapy (RT) planning CT slices. The dose data of hearts were obtained from the dose-volume histograms (DVHs). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t-test and linear regression analysis. Results: Breast size was independent of heart dose, whereas breast shape, MHD and DCWH were correlated with heart dose. The shapes of breasts were divided into four types, as the flap type, hemisphere type, cone type and pendulous type with heart mean dose being $491.8{\pm}234.6cGy$, $752.7{\pm}219.0cGy$, $620.2{\pm}275.7cGy$, and $666.1{\pm}238.0cGy$, respectively. The flap type of breasts shows a strong statistically reduction in heart dose, compared to others (p=0.008 for V30 of heart). DCWH and MHD were found to be the most important parameters correlating with heart dose in WBI. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to the heart dose of non-flap type patients. The MHD was found to be the most important parameter to correlate with heart dose in tangential WBI, closely followed by the DCWH, which could help radiation oncologists and physicsts evaluate heart dose and design RT plan in advance.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.206-223
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to discuss the nature of pregnancy experience among unwed Korean mothers and to figure out what it meant for them, by asking some of them to reflect on themselves in a written form from interpretative and phenomenological perspective, based on van Manen's research method of the same approach. The subjects in this study were seven unmarried mothers in Korea. The data were collected from July through December 2000 through in- depth interview and observation. The statements of the participants were taped, recorded, analyzed and select essential themes. To have a phenomenological understanding of the pregnancy unmarried mothers, literary works, including essays and novels, were reviewed. The findings of this study were as below: The selected substantial themes about the pregnancy and birth experiences of the single mothers included 'hatred for boy friend,' 'hatred for the fetus,' and 'hatred for myself.' The unmarried mothers met their boy friends through the introduction of friends. At first, they were good friends, but they soon went on a date and had sexual relation with no common knowledge about sex. Most of them were aware of their pregnancy after they felt fetal movement, but they put off taking the test because they didn't want to accept the fact and feared it. Such an attitude was rare among married pregnant women, and being pregnant with no prior preparation or sexual knowledge is not common in Western countries. They felt guilty and informed their boy friends of the fact, but the boy friends didn't admit their responsibility and rejected the babies. This made the poor girls hate them, and it turned into severe abhorrence. They thought their lives were ruined by the babies, and wished they would disappear. They reproached the babies, hitting their own bellies or making a kick. They considered themselves to be abandoned and didn't want to live any more. Giving themselves up to despair, some attempted to commit a suicide. They hoped to die, thinking their death would solve the problem. When they lost a chance of abortion and were about to have the babies adopted, they felt sorry for them. The unwanted pregnancy gave them a pain, but they keenly felt they were loved by their mothers, and learned the value of family. It's attempted in this study to clearly show how much unmarried Korean mothers suffered from pregnancy, and this effort paved the way for seeing unwed mothers in a new light and having a better understanding of them, instead of sticking to general perception.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.151-157
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• 2020

This study is to find out the effectiveness by Infant CPR method of a single rescuer. It was conducted for 51 general public. And typical infant CPR method by a single rescuer and a new method, CPR with two thumb chest compressions wrapped in both hands over the head were compared. SPSS 22.0 was used as an analysis method and to compare the both CPR methods, Paired t-test was used. As a result of the study, the average chest compression depth(39.38±1.07 mm) by CPR with two thumb chest compressions wrapped in both hands over the head was significantly high(p<0.001). Ease of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation(p<0.001), convenience of CPR method(p<0.001), and finger pain level(p<0.001) had a significant difference. As for the preference of the CPR method, 80.4%(41 people) preferred CPR with two thumb chest compressions wrapped in both hands over the head. In this study, CPR with two thumb chest compressions wrapped in both hands over the head showed more effective results than typical CPR method. However, as a virtual study using mannequins, further research is needed to apply high-quality CPR methods to field.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.32-39
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• 2009

In this paper, system optimization design technique of an impulse ground penetrating image radar (GPIR) in time domain is proposed to improve depth resolution of the system. For the purpose, time domain analysis method of key components such as impulse generator and UWB antenna is explained and by simulation, parameters of each component are determined. In particular, by standardizing the impulse signal, spectrum efficiency of a radiated impulse signal is improved and a U-shaped planar dipole antenna for a UWB antenna is developed. By equipping a parabolic metal reflector with the proposed antenna, external noise is prevented and the ability of radiating an input impulse into ground is improved. In addition, to remove ringing effect of the propose antenna which causes serious degradation of the system performance, resistors are loaded at the edge of the antenna and then Tx and Rx UWB antennas are optimized by simulation in time domain. For images of targets buried under the ground migration technique is applied and influence of tough ground surface on distortion of received impulse signals is reduced using technique of noise and signal distortion reduction in time domain and its time resolution is enhanced. To verify the design optimization procedure, a prototype of an GPIR and an artificial test field are made. Measurement results show that the resolution of the system designed is as good as that of a theoretical model.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.110-122
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• 2014

As multimedia technologies develop, three-dimensional (3D) technologies are attracting increasing attention from researchers. In particular, video quality assessment (VQA) has become a critical issue in stereoscopic image/video processing applications. Furthermore, a human visual system (HVS) could play an important role in the measurement of stereoscopic video quality, yet existing VQA methods have done little to develop a HVS for stereoscopic video. We seek to amend this by proposing a 3D visual attention (3DVA) model which simulates the HVS for stereoscopic video by combining multiple perceptual stimuli such as depth, motion, color, intensity, and orientation contrast. We utilize this 3DVA model for pooling on significant regions of very poor video quality, and we propose no-reference (NR) stereoscopic VQA (SVQA) method. We validated the proposed SVQA method using subjective test scores from our results and those reported by others. Our approach yields high correlation with the measured mean opinion score (MOS) as well as consistent performance in asymmetric coding conditions. Additionally, the 3DVA model is used to extract information for the region-of-interest (ROI). Subjective evaluations of the extracted ROI indicate that the 3DVA-based ROI extraction outperforms the other compared extraction methods using spatial or/and temporal terms.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the association between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. The final analysis population of this study was composed of 4,830 adults with diabetes mellitus or periodontal disease and aged 19 years or older, based on the third-edition data of the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (in 2009). Diabetic status and potential confounders were used in questionnaire materials and physical examination materials, and the presence of periodontal disease was used in the materials for oral health examination by a dentist. For diabetic status, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels <100 mg/dl were subcategorized into normal group and FPG levels ${\geq}100mg/dl$ into impaired fasting glucose group; glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels <7% into normal group and HbA1c ${\geq}7%$ into diabetes group, on the basis of the American Diabetes Association. According to the 2009 Korea Health Statistics, the case where the pocket depth is 3 mm or more was defined as periodontal disease. The association between the two diseases was evaluated through $x^2$-test and logistic regression analysis using R-commander 2.14. In impaired fasting glucose group, community periodontal index (CPI) groups 3 to 4 had higher risks for periodontal disease 1.23 times (95% confidence interval, 1.07~1.42) than those of CPI groups CPI 0~2, even after adjustment for several confounders. In addition, periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus showed statistically significant differences depending on age, sex, income level, educational background, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and snack intake. The analyses of the third-edition data of the 4th KNHANES showed that there was a statistically significant association between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus as examined by means of CPI in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.182-187
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• 2010

In the various fields of Civil Engineering, shear modulus is very important input parameters to design many constructions and to analyze ground behaviors. In general, a shear wave velocity profile is decided by various experiments before constructing a structure and, analysis and design are carried out by using decided shear wave velocity profile of the site. However, if civil structures are started to construct, the shear wave velocity will be increased more than before constructions because of confining pressure increase by the load of structure. The evaluation of the change in shear wave velocity profile is used very importantly when maintaining, managing, reinforcing and regenerating existing structures. In this study, a non-destructively geotechnical investigation method by using the HWAW method is applied to an evaluation of change in properties of the site according to construction. Generally, the space for experiments is narrow when underground of existing or on-going structures is evaluate, so a prompt non-destructive experiment is required. This prompt non-destructive experiment would be performed by various in-situ seismic methods. However, most of in-situ seismic methods need more space for experiments, so it is difficult to be applied. The HWAW method using the Harmonic wavelet transforms, which is based on time-frequency analysis, determines shear wave velocity profile. It consists of a source as well as short receiver spacing that is 1~3m, and is able to determine a shear wave velocity profile from surface to deep depth by one test on a space. As the HWAW method uses only the signal portion of the maximum local signal/noise ratio to determine a profile, it provides reliability shear modulus profile such as under construction or noisy situation by minimizing effects of noise from diverse vibration on a construction site or urban area. To estimate the applicability of the proposed method, field tests were performed in the change of geotechnical properties according to constructing a minimized modeling bent. Through this study, the change of geotechnical properties of the site was effectively evaluated according to construction of a structure.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.537-547
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• 2011

Electrical resistivity tomography surveys using boreholes were applied to reveal the cause of a catastrophic land subsidence accompanied by the excessive groundwater withdrawal in urban karst area and to map the connectivity of disseminated cavities over the study area. In order to understand the hydrogeological characteristics, resistivity using exsitu core samples, groundwater level for five boreholes, and hydraulic conductivity using slug test were measured. The hydraulic conductivity variation ranging from 0.8 to $9.3{\times}10^{-4}\;cm/s$ for five boreholes and a gentle slope of groundwater level indicated that there is no significant characteristics of hydraulic heterogeneity. Core samples of the lime-silicated rock were classified as three groups including cracked, weathered, and fresh and measured the resistivity values ranged from 103 to 161, 218 to 277, and 597 to 662 ohm-m, respectively. Drilling results that showed the cavity filled with clay materials and tomogram for this region indicated resistivity value lower than 50 ohm-m. From the inverted resistivity results for each section with five boreholes, cavity and fractured layer were distributed along the depth between 10 and 20 m overall area and cavities ranging from 4 to 6 m filled with clay materials.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.136-151
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• 2018

Purpose: The decontamination procedure is a challenging aspect of surgical regenerative therapy (SRT) of peri-implantitis that affects its success. The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of additional topical gaseous ozone therapy on the decontamination of implant surfaces in SRT of peri-implantitis. Methods: A total of 41 patients (22 males, 19 females; mean age, $53.55{\pm}8.98years$) with moderate or advanced peri-implantitis were randomly allocated to the test group (ozone group) with the use of sterile saline with additional ozone therapy or the control group with sterile saline alone for decontamination of the implant surfaces in SRT of peri-implantitis. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated over a period of 12 months. Results: At the 12-month follow-up, the plaque and gingival index values were significantly better in the ozone group (P<0.05). Probing depth decreased from $6.27{\pm}1.42mm$ and $5.73{\pm}1.11mm$ at baseline to $2.75{\pm}0.7mm$ and $3.34{\pm}0.85mm$ at the end of the 12-month observation period in the ozone and control groups, respectively. Similarly, the clinical attachment level values changed from $6.39{\pm}1.23mm$ and $5.89{\pm}1.23mm$ at baseline to $3.23{\pm}1.24mm$ and $3.91{\pm}1.36mm$ at the 12-month follow-up in the ozone and control groups, respectively. According to the radiographic evidence, the defect fill between baseline and 12 months postoperatively was $2.32{\pm}1.28mm$ in the ozone group and $1.17{\pm}0.77mm$ in the control group, which was a statistically significant between-group difference (P<0.05). Conclusions: Implant surface decontamination with the additional use of ozone therapy in SRT of peri-implantitis showed clinically and radiographically significant. Trial registry at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03018795.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 1996

The ANSI N13.32 recommends that a study of the angular response of a dosimeter be carried out once, although no pass/fail criterion is given for angular response. Gamma dose equivalent conversion and angular dependence factors were calculated by using MCNP code for the case of ANSI N13.32 extremity phantoms(finger and arm) at the depth of $7mg/cm^2$. Those extremity dosimeters were assumed to be irradiated from both monoenergitic photons and ISO X-ray narrow beams. These calculated gamma dose equivalent conversion and angular dependence factors were compared to B. Grosswendt's result calculated by using X-ray beams. The result showed that the dose equivalent conversion factors of this study agreed well with that of B. Grosswendt for all energies within 2% except 7% in the case of the low energies. In the case of angular dependence factors comparison, they agreed within 3%. It was shown that angular dependence factors of the finger phantom decreased as the horizontal angle of the phantom increased for the ISO X-ray beams less than 60keV. For the higher energy X-ray beams range they decreased slightly around 40 degree, but then increased from this energy to 90 degree.