• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.561-573
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• 1997

The keratinized mucosa around the implant is an important key in health of soft tissue and hard tissue. The purpose of this study is showed that the keratinized mucosa is associated with the keratinized mucosa index, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth. which is investigated to observing the peri-implant mucosa of mandibular partial edentulous patuent using periodontal parameter by previously published paper. It was estimated 6 site with regard to 80 fixture for 28 person, and the average age is 46.8. Each estimation is the order of less trauma, that is, plaque index, keratinized mucosa index, gingival index and probing depth. In this study, statstically analyzed treatment is used for Spss V 7.0 for Windows(Spss Inc, USA). The Kruskal Walis Test is used to compare the amount of the keratinized mucosa is into the $0{\sim}3$ index, with plaque index, gingival index and probing depth. Mann-whitney Test is used to interpreate the relation of plaque index and probing depth, which is showed significant difference. The Result are as follows 1. The kertinized mucosa index 3 amounts to 47.7%, which is much higher than the other indices and the index order is followed 3, 1, 2 and O. 2. The plaque index 1 amounts to 61.7%, which is much higher than the other indices and the index order is followed 1, 2, 3 and O. The plaque index 0 is significant to each of index(P<0.05). The plaque index is decrease as the keratinized mucosa index is increased. 3. The probing depth for 2mm, 1mm, 3mm is 48.9%, 23.5%, 16.8% respectively, which is most occupied. The probing depth 2mm and 3mm for the keratinized mucosa index is significant(P<0.05). The probing index is decreased as the keratinized mucosa index is increased. 4. The gingival index 0 amounts to 58.0%, which is much higher than the other indices and the index order is followed 0, 1, 2 and 3.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2023

토공계획은 자연상태의 원지반 토량을 절취하여 흐트러진 상태의 토량을 운반하고 성토지반의 활용도에 따라 다짐을 하는 과정에서 토질의 체적변화를 고려하여 수립하여야 한다. 흙의 상태에 따른 체적의 변화를 구하기 위해 일반적으로 심도 2m 깊이에서 시험굴 조사를 통해 얻어진 토량환산계수를 사용하게 되며, 굴착 깊이에 따른 토질의 성질을 고려하지 않고 전체 토공량에 일률적으로 적용하다 보니 토공량 산정에 오차가 발생하고 있다. 특히 신도시 택지개발과 같이 대량의 토공량이 필요한 조성공사의 경우 작은 오차에도 토공량의 차이는 크게 발생하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 심도 2m이상 토질의 물리적 특성을 조사하고 기존의 설계기준인 심도 2m의 토량환산계수와 비교 검토한 결과 굴착 심도가 깊고 대규모 토공사의 경우 심도별 토량환산계수(C)를 적용할 경우 절토량을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2007

미국 서부 지역을 근간으로 도출된 30m 심도까지의 평균 전단파속도(Vs30)는 부지 증폭 정도에 따른 설계 지진 지반 운동 결정을 위한 현행 지반 분류 기준이다. 부지의 Vs30을 산정하기 위해서는 현장탄성파 시험으로부터 적어도 30m 심도까지의 전단파 속도(Vs) 분포를 획득해야 한다. 그러나 많은 경우에서 현장의 불리한 여건 및 적용 시험 기법의 제한으로 인해 Vs분포 결정 심도가 30m에 이르지 못할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 총 72개소 부지들에서 다양한 탄성파 시험 수행을 통해 30m 이상 심도까지 Vs 분포를 획득하여 Vs30과 30m보다 얕은 심도까지의 평균 전단파속도(VsDs)들을 산정하고, 이로부터 Vs30과 VsDs간의 상관관계를 도출하였다. 또한, 모든 Vs 분포 자료의 평균에 근거한 형상 곡선을 작성하여 Vs 분포를 얕은 심도부터 30m까지 외삽할 수 있는 기법을 개발하였다. 얕은 심도 Vs 분포로부터의 Vs30 산정을 위하여 VsDs와 형상 곡선을 이용하는 두 기법은 최하단 Vs를 30m 심도까지 동일하게 연장하는 단순 기법에 비해 편향 정도가 적었으며, 특히 최소 10m 이상 심도까지 확보된 Vs분포의 경우 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 신체 부분 포즈를 이용한 깊이 영상 포즈렛과 제스처를 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 제스처는 순차적인 포즈로 구성되어 있기 때문에, 제스처를 인식하기 위해서는 시계열 포즈를 획득하는 것에 중점을 두고 있어야 한다. 하지만 인간의 포즈는 자유도가 높고 왜곡이 많기 때문에 포즈를 정확히 인식하는 것은 쉽지 않은 일이다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 신체의 전신 포즈를 사용하지 않고 포즈 특징을 정확히 얻기 위해 부분 포즈를 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 16개의 제스처를 정의하였으며, 학습 영상으로 사용하는 깊이 영상 포즈렛은 정의된 제스처를 바탕으로 생성하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 깊이 영상 포즈렛은 신체 부분의 깊이 영상과 해당 깊이 영상의 주요 3차원 좌표로 구성하였다. 학습과정에서는 제스처를 학습하기 위하여 깊이 카메라를 이용하여 정의된 제스처를 입력받은 후, 3차원 관절 좌표를 획득하여 깊이 영상 포즈렛이 생성되었다. 그리고 깊이 영상 포즈렛을 이용하여 부분 제스처 HMM을 구성하였다. 실험과정에서는 실험을 위해 깊이 카메라를 이용하여 실험 영상을 입력받은 후, 전경을 추출하고 학습된 제스처에 해당하는 깊이 영상 포즈렛을 비교하여 입력 영상의 신체 부분을 추출한다. 그리고 HMM을 적용하여 얻은 결과를 이용하여 제스처 인식에 필요한 부분 제스처를 확인한다. 부분 제스처를 이용한 HMM을 이용하여 효과적으로 제스처를 인식할 수 있으며, 관절 벡터를 이용한 인식률은 약 89%를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2016

This paper aims to demonstrate the design, structure analysis, and hydrostatic pressure test of the cylinder used in 2000m water depth. The cylinder was designed in accordance with ASME pressure vessel design rule. The 1.5 times safety factor required by the general rule was applied to the design of the cylinder, because ASME rule is so excessive that it is not proper to apply to the hydrostatic pressure test. The finite element analysis was conducted for the cylinder. The cylinder was produced according to the design. The hydrostatic pressure test was conducted at the hyperbaric chamber in KRISO. The results of finite element analysis(FEM) and those of the hydrostatic pressure test were almost the same, which showed that the design was exact and reliable.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.711-719
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• 2017

This study investigates the effects of reinforcing bar diameter and cover depth on the shrinkage behavior of restrained ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) slabs. For this, twelve large-sized UHPFRC slabs with three different rebar diameters ($d_b=9.5$, 15.9, and 22.2 mm) and four different cover depths (h=5, 10, 20, and 30 mm) were fabricated. In addition, a large-sized UHPFRC slab without steel rebar was fabricated for evaluating degree of restraint. Test results revealed that the uses of steel rebar with a large diameter, leading to a larger reinforcement ratio, and a low cover depth are unfavorable regarding the restrained shrinkage performance of UHPFRC slabs, since a larger rebar diameter and a lower cover depth result in a higher degree of restraint. The shrinkage strain near the exposed surface was high because of water evaporation. However, below a depth of 18 mm, the shrinkage strain was seldom influenced by the cover depth; this was because of the very dense microstructure of UHPFRC. Finally, owing to their superior tensile strength, all UHPFRC slabs with steel rebars tested in this study showed no shrinkage cracks until 30 days.

• Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2018

Introductions: Pneumothorax is the most frequent severe acupuncture-related adverse event occurring at the GB 21 acupoint. This study used ultrasonography (US) to measure the depth of the GB 21 acupoint in adults and assessed its applicability for ensuring safe acupuncture practices. Materials and methods: A US probe was used to measure the vertical depth from the skin to the pleural line of the apex of the lungs at the right and left GB 21 acupoints. The sex, age, body weight, height, and body mass index of each person were recorded. Student t test and generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis. Results: Sixty women and 41 men with a median age of 29 years were included in this study. The depth of GB 21 increased with body weight, height, and body mass index (p < 0.001). The mean depth of GB 21 in men (17.4 mm) was greater than that in women (14.6 mm; p < 0.001). The depth difference between the right and left shoulders was significant in men (p < 0.001) but not in women. Conclusions: US can be used to measure GB 21 acupoint depth. Further control studies on its use to ensure safe clinical practices, including preventing acupuncture-related pneumothorax, are warranted.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.415-427
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• 2012

In this study, we conducted preliminary survey, diagnostic test and in-depth interview in order to study Korean pre-service chemistry teachers' understanding on entropy and investigate how Korean pre-service chemistry teachers deal with the natural phenomenon which is related to entropy conceptions. Firstly, as a result of the preliminary survey, it was found that pre-service chemistry teachers strongly recognized entropy as the degree of disorder. Secondly, the diagnostic test showed pre-service chemistry teachers were mostly confused about whether the entropy of the universe increases during a spontaneous change, and they had a tendency to interpret the natural phenomenon related to entropy change as the change of disorder. Finally, during in-depth interview, after we explained entropy change in all diagnostic test questions with the concept of microstate, pre-service chemistry teachers revealed a better understanding about entropy. Through this research, pre-service chemistry teachers had an opportunity to reflect on their deficiencies of entropy conceptions, which will ultimately help students to approach the concept of entropy more correctly.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 - 한국공작기계학회
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• pp.332-338
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• 1999

Surface hardening of plain carbon steel (SM$%C) by Laser are usually much finer and stronger than those of the base metals. The present study was undertaken to investigate the wear resistance and a processing parameters such as, power density, pulse width, defocusing distance, and molten depth for surface modification of plain carbon steel. The wear test was carried out under experimental condition using the wear test device, and in which the annular surfaces of wear test specimens as well as mating specimen of alumina ceramics(Al2O3) was rubbed in dry sliding condition. It is shown that molten depth and width depend on defocusing distance. The wear loss on variation of sliding speed was much in lower speed range below 0.2m/sec and in higher speed range above 0.7m/sec, but wear loss was little in intermediate speed range. It depends on oxidation speed and wear speed.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2016년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.81-82
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• 2016

Cracks are inherent to concrete by its nature. The various size and shape of cracks induce deterioration of reinforced concrete structures including nuclear power plants. The wider and deeper the crack is, the concrete structures are more vulnerable to carbonization. Thus, it is essential to develop a reliable measurement technique of cracks inside concrete. In this study, an ultrasonic test method is applied to the crack measurements. The results can be used for evaluation of existing reinforced concrete structures.