• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium, the cytoprotective effect of phenolic compounds against hexavalent chromium-induced cytotoxicity, cell viability, cell adhesion ability, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, and morphological changes of cells were examined. Methods : We measured the cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium with 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT), 2,3-bis-[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide (XTT), LDH and DPPH methods. Results : The cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium($IC_{50}$, $44.0-51.0{\mu}M$) was high according to the toxic criteria. Cytoprotective effect of phenolic compounds against $IC_{50}$ value of hexavalent chromium in cell morphology increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions : These results suggest that 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid may be used as a cytoprotective agent against chromium(IV)-mediated cytotoxicity.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2008

In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of chromium trioxide, and the cell regenerative effect of phenolic acid against chromium trioxide-induced cytotoxicity, cell viability, cell adhesion activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and morphological changes of cells were performed in these cultures. The toxicity of chromium trioxide (${IC}_{50}$, 44.0 ${\mu}M$) was high according to the toxic criteria. Cell regeneration of benzoic acid derivatives against ${IC}_{50}$ value of chromium trioxide in cell morphology was increased in concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that benzoic acid derivatives may be used as a cell regenerative agent against chromium-mediated cytotoxicity.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2007

In order to evaluate on the cytotoxicity of methyl mercury (MM) and antioxidant effect of phenolic compound, poncirin against MM-induced cytotoxicity, XTT assay was performed to determine the cell viability after human skin fibroblasts (Detroit 51) were grown in the media containing various concentrations of methylmercuric chloride (MMC). And also, the antioxidant effect of poncirin on the cytotoxicity induced by MMC was examined by cell viability and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in these cultures. MMC decreased cell viability in dose-dependent manner in these cultures and the midcytotoxicity value was determined at concentration of 30 ${\mu}M$ MMC after human skin fibroblasts were treated with $10\sim50{\mu}M$ MMC for 72 hours, respectively. MMC was highly toxic on cultured human skin fibroblasts by toxic criteria. MMC-mediated cytotoxicity was related with oxidative stress by the diminution of toxic effect according to the treatment of vitamin E. In the antioxidant effect of poncirin, it showed vitamin E-like DPPH radical scavenging activity at 90 ${\mu}g/ml$ poncirin and also, remarkably increased cell viability compared with MMC-treated group. From these results, it is suggested that MMC-mediated cytoxicity was highly toxic and was related with oxidative stress in cultured human skin fibroblasts, and also phenolic compound such as poncirin showed the protection on MMC-induced cytotoxicity by antioxidant effect in these cultures.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 1990

폐흡충(Paragonimus Tuestermani) 피낭유충을 흰쥐(Wistar) 및 고양이에 감염시키고 감염 힐청이나 분회분리된 IgG또는 보체가 정상 또는 감염 흰쥐 복강 대식세포의 폐흡충 유충 살충에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 부착 실험 (adherence assay) 및 세포독성을 통하여 관찰하였다. 폐흡충 감염은 복강 대식세포를 비특이적으로 활성화시퍼 대식세포의 유충에 대한 부착률 및 세포독성을 증가시켰으며, 감염 혈청을 첨가하였을 때 항체-의존 세포매개성 세포독성에 의해 배양 6시간 후에 세포 부착률 및 세포독성이 가장 강하였다. 감염 혈청을 56℃에서 30분간 가열하였을 때 IgG 항체 변성에 의해 세포독성이 저하되었다. IgG 및 보체를 첨가한 경우 세포 부착률은 낮았으나 24시간 후에는 유충이 사멸하였다. 그러나 보체의 단독적인 역할은 이 실험에서 알 수 없었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2012

Resveratrol, a natural compound, has been shown to possess anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and neuroprotective activities. In this study, we examined the antiproliferative and cytotoxicity properties of resveratrol in Rat B103 neuroblastoma cells; although it's molecular mechanisms for the biological effects are not fully defined. Here, we examined the cellular cytotoxicity of resveratrol by cell viability assay, antiproliferation by BrdU assay, DNA fragmentation by DNA ladder assay, activation of caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins were detected by western blot analyses. The results of our investigation suggest that resveratrol increased cellular cytotoxicity of Rat B103 neuroblastoma cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ of 17.86 ${\mu}M$ at 48 h. On the other hand, incubation of neuroblastoma cells with resveratrol resulted in S-phase cell cycle arrests which dose-dependently and significantly reduced BrdU positive cells through the downregulation of cyclin D1 protein. In addition, resveratrol dose-dependently and significantly downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein includes Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 and also activates cleavage caspase-9 and-3 via the downregulation of procaspase-9 and -3 in a dose-dependent manner which indicates that involvement of intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, resveratrol increases cellular cytotoxicity and inhibits the proliferation of B103 neuroblastoma cells by inducing mitochondria-mediated intrinsic caspase dependent pathway which suggests this natural compound could be used as therapeutic purposes for neuroblastoma malignancies.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.409-419
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• 2005

The water extract of Boyanghwanoh-tang has been used for treatment of ischemic vascular disease in oriental medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the water extract of Boyanghwanoh-tang rescues cells from these damages. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Boyanghwanoh-tang on zinc-mediated cytotoxicity in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. This study demonstrates that, after treatment of H9c2 cells with zinc, there was a decrease in cell viability in a dose dependent manner, and there was a chromatin condensation. Zinc induced the change of cell morphology. In addition, zinc induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Zinc-induced H9c2 cell death was remarkably prevented by the pretreatment of Boyanghwanoh-tang consistently with increase of the peroxoredoxin 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 expression. Taken together, the results suggest that zinc induced severe cell death in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells, and that protective effects of Boyanghwanoh-tang against oxidative injuries are achieved through regulation of peroxiredoin expression.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.545-553
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of Nexus RMGIC, an indirect restorative cement, on cell survival rate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in periodontal stem cells (PDSCs). Methods: PDSCs were incubated with serially diluted Nexus RMGIC eluates with and without the addition of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Cell survival was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The ROS generation was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity for 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Results: Nexus RMGIC exposure decreased cell proliferation and cell survival rate in a dose-dependent manner (1:8, 1:4, 1:2, 1:1) in PDSCs. The cytotoxicity of Nexus RMGIC was inhibited by treatment with 10-mM NAC. In addition, the production of ROS was detected by immunofluorescence after PDSCs were exposed to Nexus RMGIC. However, ROS generation was significantly suppressed in the NAC pretreatment compared with the Nexus RMGIC group. Conclusions: Nexus RMGIC increased the cytotoxicity and ROS generation. ROS was involved in Nexus RMGIC-induced cell toxicity.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1991

폐홉충(Paragonimus westermani) 초기 감염시의 숙주 면역 기전을 알아보기 위하여 폐흡충 피낭유충을 백서에 감염시켜 주별(주별)로 항혈청을 분리하고 등일 백서에서 복강 대식세포(homologous rat peritoneal macrophage)를 얻은 다음, 이들과 폐흡충 탈낭유충 및 숙주 조직 이행중인 유약충으로 effector system을 조작하여 폐흡충 유충에 대한 항체 의존성 대식세포 공격기전을 관찰하였다. 백서 복강 대식세포는 항혈청 출현 시에만 폐흡충 탈낭유충에 대한 세포부착 반응(cell adherence reaction)을 보였고 이 반응에는 보체가 관여하지 않았다. 폐흡충 감염 1주에서 8주까지의 백서 항혈청 중 2주째에 분리한 항쳔청 실험군에서 100%의 세포부착 반응을 나타내었고 사멸된 충체를 관찰할 수 있었으며, 세포부착 반응은 탈낭 유충기에서만 나타나는 반면 조직이행 유약충에서는 전혀 그 반응을 인정할 수 얼어 폐흡충 감염에 따른 항체의존성 숙주 세포 매개독성(antibodydependent cell·mediated cytotoxicity)은 발육단계 별 특이성을 보였다. 한편, 대식세포의 공격에 의하여 사멸된 폐흡충 탈낭유충의 형태학적 특징은 대식세포와 유충 사이에 형성되는 fuzzy material, tegumental syncytium 내의 미세구조의 변성 및 syncytium과 근육층을 연결하는 tubular tunnel의 형성 등이었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2003

The reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be an important mediator in pancreatic ${\beta}$ cell destruction, thereby triggering the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In the present study, HIV-1 Tat-mediated transduction of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was investigated to evaluate its protective potential against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cytotoxicity in insulin-producing MIN6N cells. Tat-SOD fusion protein was successfully delivered into MIN6N cells in a dose-dependent manner and the transduced fusion protein was enzymatically active for 48 h. The STZ induced-cell destruction, superoxide anion radical production, and DNA fragmentation of MIN6N cells were significantly decreased in the cells pretreated with Tat-SOD for 1 h. Furthermore, the transduction of Tat-SOD increased Bcl-2 and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) expressions in cells exposed to STZ, which might be partly responsible for the effect of Tat-SOD. These results suggest that an increased of free radical scavenging activity by transduction of Tat-SOD enhanced the tolerance of the cell against oxidative stress in STZ-treated MIN6N cells. Therefore, this Tat-SOD transduction technique may provide a new strategy to protect the pancreatic ${\beta}$ cell destruction in ROS-mediated diabetes.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2006

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the main pathological factors in endothelial disorder. For example, an atherosclerosis is induced by the dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells. The dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells cascades to secrete intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-l substance by ROS. Therefore, The ROS is regraded as an important factor of the injury of vascular endothelial cells and inducement of atherosclerosis. Oxygen radical scavengers playa key role to prevention of many diseases mediated by oxidative stress of ROS. In this study, the toxic effect of ROS on vascular endothelial cells and the effect of antioxidant, vitamin E on bovine pulmonary vascular endothelial cell line (BPVEC) treated with hydrogen peroxide were examined by the colorimetric assay. ROS decreased remarkably cell viability according to the dose- and time-dependent manners. In protective effect of vitamin E on BPVEC treated with hydrogen peroxide, vitamin E increased remarkably cell viability compared with control after BPVEC were treated with $15{\mu}M$ hydrogen peroxide for 6 hours. From these results, it is suggested that ROS has cytotoxicity on cultured BPVEC and oxygen radical scavenger such as vitamin E is very effective in prevention of oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity.