• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.554-562
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• 2003

Xylitol has been used as sugar substitute to prevent dental caries. It is not fermented by most dental plaque bacteria and interferes with the growth of mutans streptococci. Therefore the production of acidic metabolites and the growth of mutans streptococci are inhibited. S. mutans strains which are inhibited to grow under the presence of xylitol are referred as xylitol-sensitive ($X^S$) strains. However, experimental and clinical studies have shown that there were mutated groups of S. mutans strains that are not affected by xylitol. They are referred as xylitol-resistant($X^R$) strains. The aim of the present study was to investigate that emergence of $X^R$ strain would effect on the anticariogenecity of xylitol by comparing the growth rate, the extracellular pH, hydroxyapatite adhesion and the agglutination of the $X^R/X^S$ strains. Overall we came out with following results : 1. No difference in the growth rate and the extracellular pH was found between the $X^S$ strain and the $X^R$ strain. 2. No difference in adhesion to hydroxyapatite surface was found between the $X^R$ strain and the $X^S$ strain (p>0.05) and adhesion of the $X^S$ strain was greater than that of $X^R$ strain in the sucrose-dependent adhesion to hydroxyapatite (p<0.05). 3. The $X^R$ strain was agglutinated in the lower concentration of saliva than that of $X^S$ strains.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2007

Occlusal stabilization appliance is one of the most common treatment option for management of temporomandibular disorders. It acts in oral cavity for several hours per day, and usually it will take at least 6 months to 2 years of total wearing periods to take a treatment goal. In the oral cavity, occlusal stabilization appliance, unintentional manner, is able to acts as a reservoir of bacteria and protect bacteria from saliva and oxygen. This condition is so favorable to many bacteria such as S. mutans and other anaerobes, usually have been reported as causative factors of dental caries, periodontal disease and oral malodor. In this study, we investigated anaerobic bacteria and S. mutans count before and after occlusal stabilization appliance use to evaluate the possible role of occlusal stabilization appliance as protector of these bacteria. Four men(average 27.5 years) wore maxillary occlusal stabilization appliance at each night(average 9 hours) for 5 days. we swabbed saliva-plaque mixed sample at 3 different site(maxillary left 2nd molar, maxillary left central incisor, mandibular left 2nd molar) before and after occlusal stabilization appliance use. Each samples were plated in (1) anaerobic blood agar medium, (2) selective S. mutans medium(MS-MUTV) and incubated in anaerobic chamber($CO^2$ 10%, $37^{\circ}C$) for 72 hours. Each bacterial colony forming unit(CFU) were counted with naked eyes. From obtained data, we can conclude as follows: 1. There was some changes about anaerobic bacteria and S. mutans count in oral cavity after occlusal stabilization appliance use. 2. The number of anaerobic bacteria was significantly increased at maxillary 2nd molar(P=0.003), maxillary central incisor(P=0.020) after occlusal stabilization appliance use compared with before. 3. Occlusal stabilization appliance use itself had indirect effect to increase the number of anaerobic bacteria at other uncovered opponent tooth site. 4. The number of S. mutans was significantly increased at maxillary 2nd molar(P=0.043), maxillary central incisor (P=0.049) after occlusal stabilization appliance use compared with before. 5. Occlusal stabilization appliance use itself had not any effect on the number of S. mutans at other uncovered opponent tooth site.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.187-198
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• 2002

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease. To achieve periodontal regeneration, various kinds of methods have been investigated and developed, including guided tissue regeneration and bone graft. Bone graft can be catagorized into autografts, allografts, xenografts, bone substitutes. And materials of all types have different biological activity and the capacity for periodontal regeneration, but ideal graft material has not been developed that fits all the requirement of ideal bone graft material. Recently, bioactive glass that has been utilized in plastic surgery is being investigated for application in dental practice. But, there has not been any long-term assessment of bioactive glass when used in periodontal intrabony defects. The present study evaluates the long-term effects of bioactive glass on the periodontal regeneration in intrabony defects of human and the effect of plaqu control on long term treatment results after dividing patients into those who underwent 3-month regular check-up and those who didn't under go regular check-up The clinical effect on 74sites from 17 infrabony pockets of 11 patients were analyzed 36months after treatment. 51 sites which underwent regular check up were classified as the Follow-up group(F/U group), and 23 sites which did not undergo regular check up were classified as Non Follow-up group(Non F/U group). After comparing the probing depth, attachment loss, bone probing depth before and 36months after treatment, the following results could be concluded. 1. The changes of probing pocket depth showed a statistically significant decrease between after baseline and 36 months after treatment in F/U group(1.79${\pm}$0.68mm) and did no show astatistically significant decrease between after baseline and 36months after treatment in Non F/U group(0.61${\pm}$0.54mm) (P<0.05). 2. The changes of loss of attachment showed a statistically significant decrease between after baseline and 36 months after treatment in F/U group(1.44${\pm}$0.74mm) and did no show astatistically significant decrease between after baseline and 36months after treatment in Non F/U group(1.18${\pm}$1.54) (P<0.05). 3. The changes of bone probing depth showed a statistically significant decrease between after baseline and 36 months after treatment in both F/U(1.35${\pm}$0.28) and Non F/U group(0.78${\pm}$0.55mm) (P<0.05). The results suggest that treatment of infrabony defects with bioactive glass resulted in significan reduction of attachment loss and bone probing depth 36months after the treatment. The use of bioactive glass in infrabony defects, combined with regular check-up and proper plaque control generally shows favorable clinical results. This measn that bioactive glass could be a useful bone substitute.