• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of the newly marketed, Insight dental X-ray film. Materials and Methods: Kodak Ultraspeed (DF-58), E-speed, Agfa Dentus M2, and Kodak Insight (IP-21) films were radiographed using a Trophy intra-oral radiographic machine. 10 step exposure times were prepared and each step exposure was monitored using a FH 40G (ESM Eberline Instruments) dosimeter for each of the 4 types of intra-oral film. All films were manually processed and the radiographic densities at 6 sites of each processed film were measured, and the characteristic curves of each of the 4 types intra-oral films were created utilizing these dosimetric data and radiographic densities, based on ISO 5779. The film contrast, speed, and base plus fog density of Insight film were compared with those of the 3 other films examined in this experiment. Results : E-speed film showed greatest average gradients followed by Insight film. E-speed and Ultraspeed film showed great average gradients at low density levels. Insight film showed the fastest speed followed by E-speed, Dentus M2 and Ultraspeed film. Dentus M2 film showed greatest base plus fog density level followed by Insight film. Conclusion : Kodak Insight film showed fastest film speed with comparable film contrast on characteristic curve.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2012

In this study, adhesion of plasma spray coated hydroxyapatite film on the two-step anodized dental implant was investigated. The plasma spray was carried out on the dental implant after two step anodization. The adhesion of coated HA film was investigated by FE-SEM after fatigue test. In the case of two-step anodized implant showed a good adhesion between implant and coated film.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2004

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of Kodak Insight film with other intra-oral films in the detection of dental caries. Materials and Methods : Periapical radiographs of 99 extracted human teeth with sound proximal surfaces and interproximal artificial cavities were made on Kodak Ultra speed, Ektaspeed, Agfa Ektaspeed and Kodak Insight films and automatically processed. Six dentists examined the presence of dental caries using a five-point confidence rating scale and compared the diagnostic accuracy by ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis and ANOVA test. Results: The sensitivity of Kodak Ultra speed, Ektaspeed, Agfa Ektaspeed and Insight film were 0.84, 0.77, 0.75 and 0.79 respectively. The specificity of Kodak Ultra speed, Ektaspeed, Agfa Ektaspeed and Insight film were 0.97. 0.95. 0.96 and 0.94 respectively. The mean ROC areas (Az) of Kodak Ultra speed, Ektaspeed, Agfa Ektaspeed and Insight film were 0.917, 0.910, 0.894, 0.909 respectively. There was no significant differences between Az of Insight film and other films (p = 0.178). Conclusion: Theses results suggested that Kodak Insight film have the comparative diagnostic accuracy of dental caries with Ultraspeed and Ektaspeed films.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.203-205
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare skin entrance dose of digital radiography with that of film radiography and to show the dose reduction achievement with digital systems at 11 dental schools in Korea. Materials and Methods: Forty six intraoral radiographic systems in 11 dental schools were included in this study. Digital sensors were used in 33 systems and film was used in 13 systems. Researchers and the volunteer visited 11 dental schools in Korea. Researchers asked the radiologic technician (s) at each school to set the exposure parameters and aiming the x-ray tube for the periapical view of the mandibular molar of the volunteer. The skin entrance doses were measured at the same exposure parameters and distance by the technician for each system with a dosimeter (Multi-O-Meter : Unfors instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Results: The median dose was $491.2{\mu}Gy$ for digital radiography and $1,205.0{\mu}Gy$ for film radiography. The skin entrance dose in digital radiography was significantly lower than that of film radiography (p<0.05). Conclusion: Fifty-nine percent skin entrance dose reduction with digital periapical radiography was achieved over the film radiography in Korean dental schools.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of occlusal and proximal caries detection using CCD, CMOS, PSP and film system. Materials and Methods : 32 occlusal and 30 proximal tooth surfaces were radiographed under standardized conditions using 3 digital systems; CCD (CDX-2000HQ, Biomedysis Co., Seoul, Korea), CMOS (Schick, Schick Inc., Long Island, USA), PSP (Digora/sup (R)/FMX, Orion Co./Soredex, Helsinki, Finland) and I film system (Kodak Insight, Eastman Kodak, Rochester, USA). 5 observers examined the radiographs for occlusal and proximal caries using a 5-point confidence scale. The presence of caries was validated histologically and radiographically. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using ROC curve areas (Az). Results: Analysis using ROC curves revealed the area under each curve which indicated a diagnostic accuracy. For occlusal caries, Kodak Insight film had an Az of 0.765, CCD one of 0.730, CMOS one of 0.742 and PSP one of 0.735. For proximal caries, Kodak Insight film had an Az of 0.833, CCD one of 0.832, CMOS one of 0.828 and PSP one of 0.868. No statistically significant difference was noted between any of the imaging modalities. Conclusion: CCD, CMOS, PSP and film performed equally well in the detection of occlusal and proximal dental caries. CCD, CMOS and PSP-based digital images provided a level of diagnostic performance comparable to Kodak Insight film.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.481-492
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• 1992

Author measured the bonding strength between Dental Porcelain and Nonprecious Dental Alloy and analyzed diffusion Phenomena at the interfaceby by Auger electron spectroscopy and also Electron spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis. The each specimen was sputtered with Al, Cr, In and Sn. 1. Ni whic is the main element of the matris of dental nonprecious alloy diffuse more than the other element and the Ni diffusion rate of each specimen was well coordinated with the bonding strength of each. 2. The Sn thin film suppress the diffusion rate of Ni of matrix into the Dental Porcelain than the In or Cr thin films. 3. The Al thin film suppress the diffusion rate of Ni than the Sn thin film. 4. The main coponent of dental porcelain : Al, Si, Mo diffused into the matrix of alloy. It means that the each element of dental alloy and dental porelain diffused into the each other part.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare & to find out the variability of head film measurements (and marks identification) between Fuji computed radiographic cephalometry and conventional cephalometry. 28 Korean adults were selected. Lateral cephalometric FCR film and conventional cephalometric film of each subject was taken. Four investigators identified 24 cephalometric landmarks on lateral cephalometric FCR film and conventional cephalometric film. The comparable measurements between lateral cephalometric FCR film and conventional cephalometric film were statistically analysed. The results were as follows : 1. In FCR film & conventional film, coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 24 landmarks was taken horizonta1ly & vertically. There is no significant difference of rank order of landmarks in C.V. between two films. 2. In comparison of significant differences of landmarks variability between FCR film & conventional film, horizontal value of coefficient of variation, showed significant differences in four landmarks among twenty-four landmarks, but vertical value of coefficient of variation showed significant differences in sixteen landmarks among twenty-four landmarks. FCR film showed significantly less variability than conventional film in 17 subjects among 20(4+16) subjects that showed significant difference.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of scatter radiation to dental x-ray film with long time-exposure in the different structures of the tooth, by using pinhole camera. For this study, pinhole camera, skull with tooth, and pocket dosimeter were used. The radiation with 70 and 90kVp and exposure time (minimum: 2.5 min., maximum 10 hrs.) was projected to the film in the pinhole camera. And density of the obtained x-ray film was measured with densitometer. In the intra-oral film taking, the amount of exposure of the scatter radiation affecting the thyroid gland area was measured with the dosimeter at the thyroid gland. The density of radiographs was compared in radiation projected with or without the metal cone of dental machine. The effect of the back scatter radiation to the film was also evaluated when the lead foil was removed. The obtained results were as follows: 1. A pinhole camera was a valuable device for locating the source of x-ray. 2. The scatter radiation affected the dental x-ray film when the radiation source was exposed. more than 5 hours'. In that case, the density of the scatter radiation could be observed visually. 3. The scatter radiation caused by short exposure of dental radiation didn't affect the diagnostic quality of the dental x-ray film. 4. The differences of densities between the tooth and the soft tissue according to exposure time showed 0.16 in 5 hours' exposure & 0.17 in 10 hours' exposure at 70 kVp & 0.12 in 5 hours' exposure & 0.13 in 10 hours' exposure at the 90kVp. 5. The differences of densities between the tooth and the soft tissue according to kVp showed no difference between 5 hours' exposure of tooth at 70 kVp and soft tissue at 90 kVp, but showed 0.05 high density in tooth when 10 hours' exposure at 90 kVp. 6. No difference of density was on radiographs taken with or without dental machine cone. 7. Back scatter radiation was recorded image of radiographs for only 3 min. 8. The amounts of the scatter radiation exposed to the thyroid gland in intraoral film taking were 1.12 mr in upper anterior, 0.55 mr in upper posterior, 2.75 mr in lower anterior, and 1.92 mr in lower posterior teeth.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the inverted digital images and film-based images of dry pig mandibles to measure the periodontal bone defect depth. Materials and Methods: Forty 2-wall bone defects were made in the proximal region of the premolar in the dry pig mandibles. The digital and conventional radiographs were taken using a Schick sensor and Kodak F-speed intraoral film. Image manipulation (inversion) was performed using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software. Four trained examiners made all of the radiographic measurements in millimeters a total of three times from the cementoenamel junction to the most apical extension of the bone loss with both types of images: inverted digital and film. The measurements were also made in dry mandibles using a periodontal probe and digital caliper. The Student's t-test was used to compare the depth measurements obtained from the two types of images and direct visual measurement in the dry mandibles. A significance level of 0.05 for a 95% confidence interval was used for each comparison. Results: There was a significant difference between depth measurements in the inverted digital images and direct visual measurements (p>|t|=0.0039), with means of 6.29 mm ($IC_{95%}$:6.04-6.54) and 6.79 mm ($IC_{95%}$:6.45-7.11), respectively. There was a non-significant difference between the film-based radiographs and direct visual measurements (p>|t|=0.4950), with means of 6.64mm($IC_{95%}$:6.40-6.89) and 6.79mm($IC_{95%}$:6.45-7.11), respectively. Conclusion: The periodontal bone defect measurements in the inverted digital images were inferior to film-based radiographs, underestimating the amount of bone loss.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.23 no.1 s.188
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• pp.73-81
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• 1985

In the assessment of patency of a small vessel anastomosis, micro-arteriography using dental X-ray and film was used as a method of testing the patency of arterial anastomoses in the rat. Micro-arteriography could lead to an objective evaluation of the patency in End-to-End and End-to Side anastomoses. The method used in this study is easily accessible for Oral and Maxillo-facial surgeon to practice the microvascular anastomosis, and requires materials available in every dental clinic.