• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.305-309
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• 2009

Dens evaginatus is a dental anomaly most commonly seen in premolar teeth in which a tubercle or protuberance projects from either the center of the occlusal surface or the buccal triangular ridge. These tubercles are easily fractured from mastication as the tooth erupts and frequently leads to pulp necrosis as a common complication. To prevent these sequelae, prophylactic treatment soon after the tooth starts erupting is essential. These preventive treatments include, selective grinding and protection of the tubercle by pit and fissure sealant. When the tooth does shows signs of pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis, endodontic procedures are needed. Apexification and apexogenesis are usually the treatment of choice for the affected teeth which have immature apices. Apexogenesis is a vital pulp therapy procedure performed to encourage continued physiological development and formation of the root end. It involves removal of the inflamed pulp and the placement of calcium hydroxide on the remaining healthy pulp tissue. This case report describes an atypical apexogenesis of a mandibular premolar which showed to be a dens evaginatus. The tooth which was treated with calcium hydroxide shows good results and is planned for permanent root canal filling.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.128-139
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of developmental anomalies of permanent lateral incisor and eruption disturbances and analyze the association between two components. Panoramic radiographs of 3984 patients (aged 5 to 13 years) who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Seoul National University Dental Hospital between November 2016 and October 2017 were screened. The prevalence of developmental anomalies of permanent lateral incisors was 10.2%. The most common developmental anomalies were congenitally missing teeth(66.1%), followed by peg lateralis(33.5%). The prevalence of eruption disturbances was 16.5%. Among the patient with developmental anomalies of permanent lateral incisors, associated eruption disturbances were appeared on 31.1% of patients. Peg lateralis(p < 0.001), underdeveloped lateral incisors(p < 0.001) and dens invaginatus(p = 0.004) were associated significantly with eruption disturbance of permanent teeth. Eruption disturbance in patients with peg lateralis and dens invaginatus was most prevalent in maxillary canine. For patients with underdeveloped lateral incisor, eruption disturbance of maxillary central incisor was most frequent. It is important for patients with developmental anomalies of lateral incisors to detect associated eruption disturbance early through regular checkup. Diagnosis and treatment plan in view of such relationships is important in order to treat appropriately at the optimal time.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.737-743
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• 2008

Regional odontodysplasia is a relatively rare developmental anomaly of dental hard tissue with characteristic clinical, radiographic and histologic features. It requires a continuous and multidisciplinary approaches, and the aim of treatment for these patients should include aiding mastication, improving aesthetics, maintaining normal vertical dimension and space, allowing normal jaw growth and eruptional management of affected teeth. This report describes three cases of regional odontodysplasia with 2-5 years of follow-up. Conservative treatment is chosen to preserve the affected teeth as long as possible, and periodic radiographic and clinical examination was done. During this time, all teeth except one showed progressive development. An interesting finding observed in our cases was that each tooth even in the same person showed different degree of tooth development and eruption rate. Thus, we colcluded that the treatment plan for regional odontodysplasia should be conservative and individualized and based on the assessment of each tooth.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.389-396
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• 2020

A pyramidal molar is which has completely fused roots with a solitary enlarged canal. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of pyramidal molars among adolescent. A total of 1,612 patients' panoramic radiographs were screened. A total of 12,896 first and second molars were evaluated. The relative incidence and the correlations regarding the location of pyramidal molar (maxillary versus mandibular) and gender were analyzed using the chi-square test. The overall incidence of patients with pyramidal molars was 1.49%. 24 patients were found to have a pyramidal molar and it was more prevalent in women (18 women and 6 men). The prevalence of pyramidal molars from all first and second molars examined was 0.31%. 88 percent of pyramidal molars occurred in maxilla. All pyramidal molars were second molar. Pyramidal molar has a relatively poor periodontal prognosis compared with common multi-rooted teeth and it is important to understand the structural characteristics of root canal during pulp treatment. Clinicians should be able to understand the anatomical properties of pyramidal molar and apply it to treatment and prognostic evaluation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.369-373
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• 2001

The congenital missing of mandibular second premolars is among the common dental anomaly in children. When a second premolar is diagnosed as congenitally missed, we should consider many factors influencing the treatment plan such as patient's age, states of roots of 2nd primary molar, degree of crowding, skeletal growth pattern, facial profile, procumbency of the incisor and lower facial height, etc. The mineralization of the second premolars begins in the majority of cases at the age of $2\sim2\frac{1}{2}$ years, but this period varies more widely than those for other permanent teeth. Also, mandibular second premolars show the greatest variations in differentiation and calcification. For this reason, aplasia of this group of teeth cannot be diagnosed at early age and with the same degree of certainty. From the clinical studies with 2 cases and some literature review on late development of second premolars, it could be summarized as follows : 1. The 2 cases showed marked delay in the development of mandibular second premolars. 2. After the crypt formation, the speed of calcification seemed nearly normal, suggesting that the delay was due to differentiation rather than calcification. 3. When one is encountered with similar conditions, it would be desirable to consider the possibility of delayed tooth development.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.122-130
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• 2006

Congenital Missing Teeth(hypodontia, oligodontia) is the developmental absence of one or more teeth. It has been reported as being the most common anomaly of dental development in human, relatively common in the permanent dentition. In a recent review, Vastardis has quoted incidence ranges of $1.6%{\sim}9.6%$ in the permanent dentition. Brook has quoted a prevalence of $3.5%{\sim}6.5%$ in most populations, with severe hypodontia, defined as the absence of six or more teeth, having a prevalence of $0.3{\sim}0.4%$. The most commonly affected teeth are third molars, followed by maxillary lateral incisor, and second premolars. The etiology is unknown, several hypotheses include trauma, nutritional deficiency, infection, metabolic abnormalities, systemic disease and genetic influence. The multiple congenital missing is commonly associated with specific syndrome or severe systemic abnormalities such as cleft lip & palate and Down's syndrome. These cases present that children have multiple congenital missing teeth in the permanent dentition, without any systemic disease. Management of this condition must be considered orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment comprehensively. In these cases, children were treated by space maintainer or orthodontic appliance and follow-up checked.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.1 s.102
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Predicting the arch length discrepancy by simply comparing the available arch perimeter with tooth materials is merely a 2-dimensional analysis of the teeth movement. However, the real teeth movement takes place 3-dimensionally and is affected by various factors such as, the arch fen the curve of Spee and the axis of the incisors. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the decrease in the arch perimeter and the horizontal positional change of the incisors after extraction of the 1st bicuspids, for more analytic evaluation of the arch length discrepancy at pre-treatment model analysis stage. In addition to that to evaluate the effect of the curve of Spee, teeth axis to the basal plane, and the incisional crowding to the treatment outcome. All patients were treated at the department of orthodontics, dental hospital, Yonsei university. Inclusion criteria for patients selection were as follows. $\cdot$ Angle classification I malocclusion with bialveolar protrusion $\cdot$ Extraction of 4 1st bicuspids $\cdot$ No tooth anomaly or prosthesis $\cdot$ No abnormal attrition $\cdot$ No ectopically erupted teeth $\cdot$ Angle classification I canine and molar relationship $\cdot$ Less than 3mm of crowding Model analysis of the above patients was performed and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. When the intercanine distance was maintained, the available space for the distal movement of the mandibular incisors after the extraction of the 4 1st bicuspids was larger than the space provided by the extraction of the 4 1st bicuspids. However the difference was less than 1mm. The more tapered the anterior arch form, the larger the difference. 2. Compared to the situation in which the intercanine distance was maintained, when the intercanine distance was expanded to meet the width of the Posterior teeth, the incisors could move about 3mm more distally. 3. The positional difference of the incisal tip was insignificant whether the central incisors were moved by tipping or bodily movement. 4. When the anterior crowding was solved without changing the intercanine distance, the larger the anterior arch length was, the more the anterior movement of the incisors. 5. When the curve of Spee was levelled, the increase in the arch perimeter was less than half of the deepest curve of Spee.