• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.825-832
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• 2009

A series of laboratory experiments has been performed to investigate the flow characteristics of 2-dimensional density currents induced by selective withdrawal, which is commonly suggested as a measure for removal of high turbid water from reservoirs. Saltwater has been used to simulate the density stratification over depth and PIV(Particel Image Velocimetry) for observing the velocity structure. Experimental conditions have been established according to Richardson number, which is the dimensionless number that expresses the ratio of potential to kinetic energy. From the experiments, the patterns of longitudinal decay of centerline axial velocity induced by the withdrawal have been distinguished from other experimental cases. The rate of longitudinal decay increase as the Richardson number increases. The variations of volumetric and momentum flux along the longitudinal axis have also shown to be dependent on Richardson number.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.138-151
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• 2009

We quantitatively investigated compositions of fish and invertebrate bycatch in Korean shrimp fisheries. We sampled shrimp trawl bycatch from 48 commercial trawls over 1 year. These samples contained 108 taxa from 50 families, with 60 fish taxa contributing 51.2% of the total biomass and 48 invertebrate taxa 48.8%. However, 86.32% of the total individual organism density comprised invertebrates, while individual fishes made up the remainder. Within the bycatch, two fish species varied in population size structure by season, suggesting recruitment is seasonal in these taxa. Overall general catch characteristics (total bycatch biomass and organism density) varied significantly by season and tide, and a significant interaction effect was observed (season$\times$tide) on total density, but not on total biomass. The data collected will be used in designing a program of long-term bycatch monitoring.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제10권S_4호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2001

This study was carried out to measure the variations of potential and current density with polymers. The results were particularly examined to identify the influences on potential and rate of various factors including temperature and pH. The Tafel slope for anodic dissolution was determined by the polarization effect depending on these conditions. The optimum conditions were established for each case. The second anodic current density peak and maximum current density were designated as the relative polarization sensitivity$(I_r/I_f)$. The mass transfer coefficient value$(\alpha)$ was determined with the Tafel slope for anodic dissolution based on the polarization effect with optimum conditions.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2000

Experiments were carried out to measure the corrosion potential and current density variations in the polarization curves of polypropylene. In particular, the results were examined to identify those influences affecting the corrosion potential, such as temperature, pH, salt, and oxygen. The Tafel slope for the anodic dissolution was determined based on the polarization effect under various conditions. Furthermore, the optimum conditions for the most rapid transformation were establish based on a variety of conditions, including temperature, pH, corrosion rate, and resistance of corrosion potential. The second anodic current density peak and maximum passive current density were designated as the critical corrosion sensitivity(I(sub)r/I(sub)f). This I(sub)r/I(sub)f value was then used to measure the critical corrosion sensitivity of polypropylene. The potentiodynamic parameters of corrosion were obtained using a Tafel plot.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.239-244
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• 1999

In this study , the variation of dry density and unconfined compressive strength were investigated, calcium carbonate, quicklime, portland cement, 19mm monofilaments and fibrilllated fibers were used as reinforcement materials. And calcium chloride was added to cement and calcium carbonate reinforced soil mixture in order to accelerate setting and hardening speed. It appears that dry density is highest in calcium carbonate reinforced soil mixture with 9% of mixing rae. According to increasing the amount of fibers, in soil mixture , the dry density decreased. The more the amount of monofilament fibers is the higher the compressive strength. But the compressive strength is decreased in fibrrillated fiber added soil mixture with more than 1.0% of mixing rate.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.739-745
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• 2011

This paper proposes a method for reducing the negative spatial harmonics of the radial flux density of an interior-type permanent magnet (IPM) motor. The reliability of the motor is increased by minimizing its vibrations under dynamic eccentricity (DE) state and normal state due to reduction of a negative spatial harmonics component through the influx of a zero spatial harmonics component in the radial flux density. To minimize the vibrations, optimal notches corresponding to the distribution shape of the magnetic field are designed on the rotor pole face. The variations of vibration computation by finite element method (FEM) and the validity of the analysis and rotor shape design are confirmed by vibration and performance experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.117-126
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• 1997

In fast grown softwood, there are very large changes in material properties going outward from the pith to bark such as anatomical, physical and mechanical characteristics. Some of variations in anatomical properties with annual ring were then examined from Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis, and Chamaecyparis obtusa, which are major softwoods of plantation in Korea. The large variations of annual ring width during young age of tree tended to stabilize after 25year through the transitional period in 17~23year. The ring density was 1.5~2.4 in 1~10year period, and 3.5~6.3 in 30~35year period, in which juvenile and mature wood were certainly assumed to be formed, respectively. Variations of tracheid length showed functional relationships with annual rings as logarithm. Demarcation between juvenile wood and mature wood could be 16~19year, which was determined from increase rate of tracheid length of 0.2%. Cell wall thickness increased with increase of annual ring even though large variations were observed as well. Variations of cell wall thickness within species were pronounced in latewood than earlywood. The increase of cell wall thickness from juvenile wood to mature wood was predominant in Larix leptolepis as 2.0times, and least in Chamaecyparis obtusa as 1.1 times. Cell diameters showed trends of increase during young age of 1~15year, and consistent afterward. The variations of cell diameter between radial and tangential direction were greater in latewood, and most pronounced in Chamaecyparis obtusa.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2019

셀 기반 유한 차분법을 사용하여 P파 속도와 밀도 변화를 고려한 3차원 시간 영역 음향 파동 전파 모델링에서 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 살펴보았다. 일반적인 유한 차분법에서는 격자점에 탄성파 속도 또는 밀도와 같은 물성을 할당하고 계산하지만 셀 기반 유한 차분법에서는 이러한 물성을 격자점 사이의 셀에 할당한다. 격자점에서의 차분식 계산을 위해서는 주변 셀의 물성 평균값을 이용하는데 이로 인해 일반적인 유한 차분법에 비해 계산량이 증가하게 된다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 계산량 문제를 개선하기 위해 메모리를 추가로 사용하여 모델링 시간을 30 % 이상 줄일 수 있었다. 또한 밀도가 제한적으로 변화하는 매질에서 셀 기반 유한 차분법과 일반 유한 차분법을 함께 사용하여 모델링 성능을 추가로 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.663-680
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• 2012

Previous major earthquakes revealed that most damage of the buried segmented pipelines occurs at the joints of the pipelines. It has been proven that the differential motions between the pipe segments are one of the primary reasons that results in the damage (Zerva et al. 1986, O'Roueke and Liu 1999). This paper studies the combined influences of ground motion spatial variations and local soil conditions on the seismic responses of buried segmented pipelines. The heterogeneous soil deposits surrounding the pipelines are assumed resting on an elastic half-space (base rock). The spatially varying base rock motions are modelled by the filtered Tajimi-Kanai power spectral density function and an empirical coherency loss function. Local site amplification effect is derived based on the one-dimensional wave propagation theory by assuming the base rock motions consist of out-of-plane SH wave or combined in-plane P and SV waves propagating into the site with an assumed incident angle. The differential axial and lateral displacements between the pipeline segments are stochastically formulated in the frequency domain. The influences of ground motion spatial variations, local soil conditions, wave incident angle and stiffness of the joint are investigated in detail. Numerical results show that ground motion spatial variations and local soil conditions can significantly influence the differential displacements between the pipeline segments.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 2001년도 한국우주과학회보 제10권2호
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• pp.65-65
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• 2001