• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of powder shape and densification mechanism on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components. BE powders are uniaxially and isostatically pressed, and PA ones are injection molded because of their high strengths. The isostatically compacted samples exhibit a density of 80%, which is higher than those of other samples, because hydrostatic compression can lead to higher strain hardening. Owing to the higher green density, the density of BE-CS (97%) is found to be as high as that of other samples (BE-DS (95%) and P-S (94%)). Furthermore, we have found that BE powders can be consolidated by sintering densification and chemical homogenization, whereas PA ones can be consolidated only by simple densification. After sintering, BE-CS and P-S are hot isostatically pressed and BE-DS is hot forged to remove residual pores in the sintered samples. Apparent microstructural evolution is not observed in BE-CSH and P-SH. Moreover, BE-DSF exhibits significantly fine grains and high density of low-angle grain boundaries. Thus, these microstructures provide Ti-6Al-4V components with enhanced mechanical properties (tensile strength of 1179 MPa).

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2002

평균입경 25$\mu m$의 Si조대분말에 소결조제의 조성과 양을 변화시켜 질화반응 질화규소 (RBSN)세라믹스를 제조할 때 나타나는 치밀화 거동, 미세구조의 발달 및 기계적 특성에 대하여 고찰하였다. 6wt% $Y_2O_3$ + 1wt% $Al_2O_3$(6YlA)의 소결조제를 첨가한 경우에는 치밀화를 이루지 못하였으나, 6wt% $Y_2O_3+3\;wt%\;Al_2O_3+2\;wt%\;SiO_2(6Y3A2S)$와 9wt% $Y_2O_3$+1.5wt% $A1_2O_3$+ 3w% $SiO_2$(9Yl.5A3S)의 소결조제를 첨가하여 이론밀도에 가까운 치밀화를 이루었다. $1900^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 6Y3A2S시편의 경우, 960MPa의 높은 파괴강도값과 $6.5MPa.m^{1/2}$의 파괴인성값을 얻었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 1999

다짐 전.후의 지반개량정도와 개량깊이를 평가하기 위하여 일반적으로 SPT와 CPT가 많이 사용된다. 두 방법 모두 일점시험으로서 대규모 현장에서 사용될 경우 매우 많은 시간을 필요로 하며, 지반종류와 실험 숙련도에 따라 시험결과가 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 표면파시험과 공진주시험결과를 결합하여 다짐 전.후의 지반개량정도와 개량깊이를 평가하는 방법을 제안하였다. 표면파 시험은 다짐 전.후의 지반의 전단파속도주상도를 회득하는데 사용되며, 공진주시험은 단일상관관계를 가지는 정규다짐 화된 전단파속도와 밀도와의 관계를 결정하는데 사용된다. 마지막으로 제안된 방법의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 영종도(인천)국제공항 건설현장에서 제안된 평가절차에 따라 표면파시험결과와 공진주시험결과로부터 깊이별 개량정도를 추정하였으며, 이로부터 제안된 방법의 현장적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2012

This study investigated the effects of annealing environment for the densification and purification properties of pure titanium coating layer manufactured by cold spraying. The annealing was conducted at $600^{\circ}C$/1 h and three kinds of environments of vacuum, Ar gas, and $5%H_2+Ar$ mixture gas were controlled. Cold sprayed Ti coating layer (as sprayed) represented 6.7% of porosity and 228 HV of hardness, showing elongated particle shapes (severe plastic deformation) perpendicular to injection direction. Regardless of gas environments, all thermally heat treated coating layers consisted of pure ${\alpha}$-Ti and minimal oxide. Vacuum environment during heat treatment represented superior densification properties (3.8% porosity, 156.7 HV) to those of Ar gas (5.3%, 144.5 HV) and $5%H_2+Ar$ mixture gas (5.5%, 153.1 HV). From the results of phase analysis (XRD, EPMA, SEM, EDS), it was found that the vacuum environment during heat treatment could be effective for reducing oxide contents (purification) in the Ti coating layer. The characteristic of microstructural evolution with heat treatment was found to be different at three different gas environments. The controlling method for improving densification and purification in the cold sprayed Ti coating material was also discussed.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2012

$ZrB_2$ has a melting temperature of $3245^{\circ}C$ and a low density of $6.1\;g/cm^3$, which makes this a candidate for application to ultra-high temperature over $2000^{\circ}C$. Beside these properties, $ZrB_2$ has excellent resistance to thermal shock and oxidation compared with other non-oxide engineering ceramics. This paper reviewed briefly 2 research examples, which are related to densification and properties of $ZrB_2$-based ceramics for ultra-high temperature applications. In the first section, the effect of $B_4C$ addition on the densification and properties of $ZrB_2$-based ceramics is shown. $ZrB_2$-20 vol.% SiC system was selected as a basic composition and $B_4C$ or C was added to this system in some extents. With sintered bodies, densification behavior and hightemperature (up to $1400^{\circ}C$) properties such as bending strength and hardness are examined. In the second section, the effect of the SiC size on the microstructures and physical properties is shown. $ZrB_2$-SiC ceramics are fabricated by using various SiC sources in order to investigate the grain-growth inhibition and the mechanical/thermal properties of $ZrB_2$-SiC.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2008

The effect of sintering aids and glass-frit on the densification and resistivity of silver paste was investigated in an effort to enhance the sintered density and electrical conductivity of the silver electrode. To prepare Pb-free silver paste for use at low sintering temperatures, two commercial silver powders ($0.8\;{\mu}m$ and $1.6\;{\mu}m$ in size) and 5wt.% lab-synthesized nanoparticles (30-50 nm in size) as a sintering aids were mixed with 3 wt.% or 6 wt.% of glass frit ($Bi_2O_3$-based) using a solvent and three roll mills. Thick films from the silver paste were prepared by means of screen printing on an alumina substrate followed by sintering at $450^{\circ}C$ to $550^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. Silver thick films from the paste with bimodal particles showed a high packing density, high densification during sintering and low resistivity compared to films created using monomodal particles. Silver nanoparticles as a sintering aid enhanced the densification of commercial silver powder at a low sintering temperature and induced low resistivity in the silver thick film. The glass frit also enhanced the densification of the films through liquid phase sintering; however, the optimum content of glass frit is necessary to ensure that a dense microstructure and low resistivity are obtained, as excessive glass-frit can provoke low conductivity due to the interconnection of the glass phase with the high resistivity between the silver particles.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2005

기존 발사체 시스템의 성능을 향상시키는 방법의 하나로 액체산소와 액체수소와 같은 극저온 추진제를 고밀도화하는 기술이 최근 활발히 개발되고 있다. 극저온 추진제 고밀도화를 통하여 발사체에서 추진제의 질량분율을 높임으로 보다 큰 유상하중을 괘도에 진입시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 극저온 추진제 고밀도화의 원리 및 최근 기술동향을 소개한다. 주로 액체산소의 고밀도화에 초점을 맞추어 여러 고밀도화 방법들에 대해서 소개하였다. 고밀도화된 극저온 추진제를 탑재한 발사체의 엔진 및 발사체 전체 성능해석 결과를 통하여, 발사체 시스템의 성능 향상을 정량적으로 소개하였다 또한 향후 극저온 추진제 고밀도화 기술의 국내 위성발사체 적용을 위한 방안을 간략히 제시하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2006

균일한 모래지반을 이용한 원심모형실험에서는 지표면근처에서 액상화가 발생한 후에 점차적으로 깊은 곳으로 전파되는 경향을 보였다. 이와 같은 현상은 실내실험에서 상재하중효과를 고려했을 때 관찰되는 액상화현상과 상반되는 것처럼 보인다. 그러나, 응력증가에 따른 모형지반의 상대밀도증가가 구속압증가에 따른 액상화저항감소를 상쇄시킨다. 이와 같은 응력증가에 따른 상대밀도증가는 실제 원심모형실험에서 발생하고 있으나, 모형지반성형법에서는 고려되고 있지 않다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 원심모형실험에서 발생할 수 있는 상대밀도증가를 고려한 새로운 원심모형지반성형법을 제안하였다. 새로운 모형지반성형법은 액상화에 관한 $K_0$ 효과를 연구하는데 사용될 수 있으며, 본 연구에서는 수치해석방법을 이용하여 그 실용성을 증명하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1116-1126
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• 1997

The effects of friction between powder and a mandrel on densification behavior of metal powder were investigated under cold isostatic pressing. The elastoplastic constitutive equations based on the yield function of Shima and Oyane were implemented into finite element program (ABAQUS) to simulate compaction responses of metal powders during cold isostatic pressing. The friction coefficients between powder and mandrels with different roughness were determined by comparing experimental data and finite element results. Density distributions in the powder compacts were also studied for different friction coefficients. Finite element results were compared with experimental data for pure iron powder under cold isostatic pressing.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.816-824
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• 1996

The densification behaviors of copper powder under high temperature processing were investigated. Experimental data were obtained for copper powder under hot isostatic pressing, hot pressing and uniaxial compression. Finite element calculations from the constitutive models by McMeeking and co-workers were compared with the experimental data, The agreements between experimental data and theoretical calculations are reasonably good when hydrostatic stress is dominant, but not as good then deviatoric stress increases.