• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2007

Purpose : It was to find out demand and supply of EMT from 2007 to 2045 and to expand scope of practice of paramedic in Korea. Methods : This study was conducted by applying a projection formula to the data from admission quota for EMT of the Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, rate of successful candidates of annual report of the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board etc. Results : The number of EMTs were 6,043 paramedics, 5,378 EMT-Bs until 2006 and two produce constants derived from simple estimation were paramedic 0.81, EMT-B 0.86. On the American basis of 5.6 EMTs per 10,000, the number of paramedics under the present act will reach the basis around 2015(5.02), the number of paramedics under the amended act will reach the basis around 2030(5.50). Conclusion : There was relationship between scope of practice of paramedic in the act and demand-supply of paramedic, this necessitates surveys, studies, amendment of the act, legalization for expanded scope of practice of paramedic.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.106-119
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• 2005

Uncertainties inherent in customer demand patterns make it difficult for supply chains to achieve just-in-time inventory replenishment, resulting in loosing sales opportunity or keeping excessive chain wide inventories. In this paper, we propose two intelligent adaptive inventory control models for a supply chain consisting of one supplier and multiple retailers, with the assumption of information sharing. The inventory control parameters of the supplier and retailers are order placement time to an outside source and reorder points in terms of inventory position, respectively. Unlike most extant inventory control approaches, modeling the uncertainty of customer demand as a stationary statistical distribution is not necessary in these models. Instead, using a reinforcement learning technique, the control parameters are designed to adaptively change as customer demand patterns change. A simulation based experiment was performed to compare the performance of the inventory control models.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.83-102
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• 2011

The purpose of this study carried out to analyze production status, pricing trend and distribution status of landscape plants, so that it could predict the demand of landscape plants for the balance of supply and demand. The production amount of landscape plants made constantly increased. The annual output of shrubs increased more higher than that of trees. The prices of trees have raised consistently, but shrubs were susceptible to price fluctuations. And there were still many problems in the distribution structure. The landscaping work has focused on the metropolitan area. And large-scale nationwide projects were scheduled for coming years, so the demand of landscape plants was expected to expend. However, the lack of increase in production amounts of landscape plants, it is cause to supply problems. So, demand forecast was necessary to control the production of landscape plants.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2019

비철금속의 국내 수요 공급과 스크랩들의 리싸이클링 현황을 파악하는 것은 자원재활용 관련업계와 연구자들에게 매우 필요한 일이다. 국내에서는 10여 년 전부터 한국자원리싸이클링학회지를 통하여 3~5년 주기로 주요 비철금속의 수급과 스크랩 리싸이클링 현황을 조사, 발표하고 있는데, 전체 비철금속에 대해서 조사하기에는 분량이 너무 방대하여 사용량이 많은 범용 비철금속과 그 스크랩들에 국한하여 발표하고 있다. 본 조사연구에서는 기존 조사대상인 동, 알루미늄, 아연, 연, 니켈, 마그네슘 6종에 주석을 추가하여 총 7종의 비철금속에 대하여 관세청 수출입 통계와 한국비철금속협회 자료 및 비철산업 관련 정보지들을 통해서 최근 5년 (2014 ~ 2018년) 간의 국내 수급 현황을 조사하였고 이를 토대로 그 스크랩들의 재활용율을 추정하였다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.53-78
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• 1992

GMDSS-the Global Maritime Distress and Safety system which is utilizing the new technologies such as satellite communication system, DSC and NBCP-is effectuated not only by the amendment of SOLAS but also by the conference of RR and IMO's MSC, and will be the major factor of the variation of the demand and supply of Radio Operators. To cope with the GMDSS voluntarily, regulations relating to the radio installation, the posting of Radio Operators, the bounds of duty, etc. must be established and the demand and supply of Radio Operators which take charge of the system must be accomplished pertinently. In this study, the authors suggested some practical schemes to improve the effect of policy as follow. 1. The Ministry of Communication must supervise strictly the arrangement of Radio Operators, especially relating tot he legally qualified complement of Radio Station, and must review the official certification system to upgrade the quality of Radio Operators. 2. The Ministry of Communication must take overall charge of the qualitifications and technical standards of Radio Operators, the extent of their engagement, etc. which are provided by International Regulations. 3. Relating Administrations must cooperate with Shipping Companies in onboard-training to foster and ensure the manpower of Radio Operators. 4. Institutional devices to drive the resolute investment in education and training for mariners, especially for the ship's officers, must be prepared. 5. The Communication Administration and the Korea Maritime and Port Adminstration(KMPA) must cooperate mutually in the balance of the demand and supply of Radio Operators and use make their best to realize more harmonious policies on the demand and supply of manpower.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2013

This research investigates the supply chain contract between a distributor and a supplier in which the selling period is relatively short in comparison with long production lead time. At the first stage, supplier who is a Stackelberg leader offers the distributor a contract with a set of parameters, and subjected to those parameters, the distributor places the number of initial orders as well as options. In order to purchase the option, the distributor pays non-linear option premium price with respect to the number of purchased options. At the second stage, based on realized demand, the distributor has the right to exercise option as either put or call which is limited up to the number of purchased options. The wholesale price contract is used as a benchmarking contract. This research has confirmed that the supply chain contract with a non-linear option premium price can help to coordinate the supply chain.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.345-357
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• 2008

한국은 제조업 기반의 수출주도형 산업구조 특징과 함께 구리, 아연, 납, 니켈에 대한 총 소비량뿐만 아니라 일인당 소비량 측면에서 세계적으로 최상위 소비국가 그룹에 속하여 있다. 현재 세계 원료금속의 수급 불안정은 일시적인 현상이라기보다는 후발공업국의 소비시장 확대에 따라 발생되는 근본적 문제로 향후 세계경제의 성장률 변화에 따라 지속적으로 심화될 것으로 예상된다. 특히 국제 자원시장에서 BRICs의 구리, 아연, 납, 니켈의 수급 변화에 대한 통계자료를 분석한 결과, 한국은 국가전략 차원에서 광물자원 자주개발율의 제고가 절실히 요구되고 있다. 국내 기반산업 분야에서 소요되는 주요 원료금속은 세계자원시장의 수급변화를 통하여 향후 중 장기 수급 불안정이 예측되며, 이에 따른 광물자원의 안정공급을 위한 국가 장 단기정책 수립이 요구된다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2009

Recently, small and medium-sized hospitals which are located in rural areas have many difficulties in securing high quality nurses. That is because working environments for nurses in small and medium-sized hospitals in rural areas are poor compared with those of big hospitals in urban. As a result, the migration of nurses from small and medium-sized hospitals in rural areas to big hospitals in urban is continuously happening. In general, big hospitals provide nurses with high level of salary and fringe benefits. To prevent the migration of nurses, chief executive officers of small & medium hospitals in rural areas have been interested in improving nurses' working conditions including wages. Also, they have raised nurses' salary and improved working conditions. But, basically these individualized efforts have some limit. In connection with this, medical interest groups have produced various voices in terms of interpretation and solutions for these issues. However, from the future perspectives, it seems evident that two approaches for both manpower supply and demand plans of nurses are necessary. They should contain not only accurate estimation of the supply-demand of nursing manpower but also the improvement of working conditions and wages of nurses. Estimation of nursing manpower supply-demand depends on the standards and criteria being used. Supply and demand may be met or not in accordance with the points emphasized on the decision. In the articles, issues regarding nursing manpower, levels of salary, other working conditions and social support system for child care are discussed. According to Joe's report (2005), most health institutions did not meet the guidelines of nurse staffing in Medical Law. The wages of nurse vary on every hospital and there is a big difference in wages' range. The average starting salary for a nurse is 22 million won a year. In case of tertiary hospitals, it reaches up to 30 million won a year. Nurse as a profession should have a strong responsibility and should take care of the patients for 24 hours with three working shifts. Also, most of them are female who have the burden of child rearing. Therefore, it is suggested to increase the salary, to provide comfortable working conditions, and to have social support system for nurses with household affairs.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.161-173
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• 2020

이 연구는 부산소방재난본부의 119 구급활동일지를 이용하여 부산의 구급서비스의 지역적 불균형을 조사하였다. 2017년 구급신고 자료를 집계구 단위로 취합하여 구급서비스의 수요(신고건수, 인구대비 신고건)와 공급(신고건수, 인구대비 신고건수, 현장도착시간의 평균·변동계수·이상치, 관할구역 외 출동건수)의 공간분포를 GIS 공간통계분석 중 핫스팟분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과는 구급서비스의 수요와 공급 모두 집중적으로 나타나는 핫스팟지역과 콜드스팟지역이 명확하게 구분되었으며, 이는 부산 내 구급서비스의 수요 뿐 아니라 공급이 지역적으로 불균형함을 의미한다. 특히 원도심과 그 주변지역과 부산시 외곽지역에서의 구급수요 및 공급에서 극명한 차이를 보였다.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.81-112
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• 2012

This study investigate the impact of supply chain contracts on supply chain performance. This study employed Price adjustment contract(PAC) and Quantity adjustment contract(QAC) as two main types of a vertical coordination mechanism. We simulate different types of coordination mechanisms with various degrees of demand uncertainties and several capacity tightness scenarios. This study shows that PAC and QAC significantly enhance the supply chain profits and fill rates suggesting that supply chain performance can be improved by implementing a proper coordination mechanism depends on the level of a capacity tightness and demand uncertainty.