• 생태와환경
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• 제37권1호통권106호
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• pp.96-101
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• 2004

non-steroidal ecdysteroid 길항물질인 tebufenozide를 사용하여 C. flaviplumus와 C. riparius에 끼친 영향을 실내실험 하였다. 정적인 실험조건 하에서 깔따구류를 다양한 농도로 처리하였다 대부분의 실험에서 비처리군과 처리군은 통계적으로 유의적인 차이를 보였다. tebufenozide의 농도가 높을수록 치사율은 증가되었으며 이는 탈피과정 또는 변태과정과 연관되었다. 30 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ 이상의 고농도 처리에서 C. riparius의 유충 치사율은 C. flaviplumus보다 높았다. 발생적인 측면에서 상대적으로 낮은 농도인 10 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$처리 하에서 성장지연이 보였다. 본 연구에서 탈피를 통하여 성충이 된 비율은 농도처리와 노출된 종에 따라 차이가 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.36-39
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• 2006

Objective : The present study attempts to address the change of management results over time during the past 13 years in good-grade patients with intracranial aneurysm. Methods : Six hundred twenty five [Hunt-Hess grade I to III] out of 826 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms operated by the same operator within 3 days after the attack from 1990 to 2002 were selected. Since 1998, endovascular aneurysmal occlusion was done in selected cases of 21 patients. The change of management results over time, including rebleeding rate, delayed ischemic neurologic deficit[DIND] as a cause of morbidity and mortality and surgical outcome were examined. Results : The ratio of poor-grade patients in all patients tended to decrease over the years. The early rebleeding rate declined from 5.0% to 1.2% with the use of tranexamic acid and computed tomography angiogram DIND as a cause of mortality and morbidity has decreased from 12.5% in 1990 to approximately 0% currently. Surgical outcome began to improve significantly in 1994 [poor outcome : 25% in 1990, 12.2% in 1994,6.8% in 2002]. Conclusion : These results suggest that the advances in care and increased experience of the operator significantly affect the change of overall outcome, and early detection of the aneurysm is needed for reducing the ratio of poor-grade patients.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

Effects on nonylphenol (NP) treatment on early development of fertilized eggs and survival of larvae in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated. Fertilized eggs and hatched larvae were exposed to aqueous solutions of NP at nominal concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L. In the control I and II (methanol-carrier control) groups, the hatchability of fertilized eggs were 90.7$\pm$7.02 and 90.0$\pm$5.29％ (P <0.05), respectively. However, treatments of NP concentrations at 50, 100, 150 and 200 ug/L were reduced to 78.7$\pm$4.16, 46.0$\pm$9.17, 48.0$\pm$3.46 and 33.3$\pm$11.02% (P<0.05), respectively. The time to hatching of fertilized eggs was delayed in high-dose NP treatment groups rather than control groups. Fertilized eggs of NP immersed group could not hatch normally, and also vertebra of the larvae observed as abnormal shape. Cumulative mortality of hatched larvae after 26hr NP treatment was 38.3, 78.3, 88.3 and 100% in NP 50, 100, 150 and 200 ug/L treatment groups, respectively. Whereas, control I and II were 11.7, 16.7% (P<0.05). Hatched larvae showed most death at the embryonic development stage with abnormalities. These results suggest that NP treatment in fertilized eggs and larvae was inhibited as normally development for fertilized egg and growing of larvae.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.526-531
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• 1993

Sixty-one consecutive patients with coronary artery bypass graft for myocardial revascularization were retrospectively reviewed to analyze various pattern of postoperative complication and death during hospital stay from Nov. 1988 to Oct. 1992. Fortytwo of the patients were male and nineteen female. The mean age was 56 and 51 years in male and female. Preoperative diagnosises were unstable angina in 14 of patients, stable angina in 28, postmyocardial infarction state in 15, and state of failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 4. 141 stenosed coronary arteries were bypassed with use of 20 pedicled internal mammary artery and 124 reversed saphenous vein grafts. Postoperative complications and perioperative death were as follows: 1. Of 61 patients undergoing operation, peri and postoperative over all complication occured in 15 patients [ 25% ]; newly developed myocardial infarction in 4, intractable cardiac arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation and frequent ventricular premature contraction in 3, bleeding from gastrointestinal tract in 2, persistent vegetative state as a sequele of brain hypoxia in 1, wound necrosis in 1, left hemidiaphragmatic palsy in 3 and poor blood flow through graft in 2. 2. Operative mortality was 8%[5 patients]. 3 out of these died in operating room; 1 patient by bleeding from rupture of calcified aortic wall, 1 by air embolism through left atrial vent catheter, 1 by low cardiac output syndrome. 2 patients died during hospital stay; 1 by acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiuple organ failure, 1 by brain death after delayed diagnosis of pericardial tamponade.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2010

To determine whether rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus can be protected from rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) infection by intramuscular injection of long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), we compared protective effect of virus-specific dsRNAs corresponding to major capsid protein (MCP), ORF 084, ORF 086 genes, and virus non-specific green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. Furthermore, to determine whether the non-specific type I interferon (IFN) response was associated with protective effect, we estimated the activation of type I IFN response in fish using expression level of IFN inducible Mx gene as a marker. As a result, mortality of fish injected with dsRNAs and challenged with RBIV was delayed for a few days when comparing with PBS injected control group. However, virus-specific dsRNA injected groups exhibited no significant differences in survival period when compared to the GFP dsRNA injected group. Semi-quantitative analysis indicated that the degree of antiviral response via type I IFN response is supposedly equal among dsRNA injected fish. These results suggest that type I IFN response rather than sequence-specific RNA interference might involve in the lengthened survival period of fish injected with virus-specific dsRNAs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2024

Since its outbreak in late 2019, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly caused global morbidity and deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has major complications in cardiovascular and pulmonary system. The increased rate of mortality is due to delayed detection of certain biomarkers that are crucial in the development of disease. Furthermore, certain proteins and enzymes in cellular signaling pathways play an important role in replication of SARS-CoV-2. Most cases are mild to moderate symptoms, however severe cases of COVID-19 leads to death. Detecting the level of biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin, creatine kinase, creatine kinaseMB, procalcitonin and Matrix metalloproteinases helps in early detection of the severity of disease. Similarly, through downregulating Renin-angiotensin system, interleukin, Mitogen-activated protein kinases and Phosphoinositide 3-kinases pathways, COVID-19 can be effectively controlled and mortality could be prevented. Ginseng and ginsenosides possess therapeutic potential in cardiac and pulmonary complications, there are several studies performed in which they have suppressed these biomarkers and downregulated the pathways, thereby inhibiting the further spread of disease. Supplementation with ginseng or ginsenoside could act on multiple pathways to reduce the level of biomarkers significantly and alleviate cardiac and pulmonary damage. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential of ginseng extract and ginsenosides in controlling the cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases by COVID-19.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of acute fatal poisoning and the time of death by analyzing the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of South Korea. Methods: The NEDIS data from 2014 to 2018 excluding non-medical visits were used for this study. The patients with acute poisoning were extracted using diagnostic codes. The toxic substances were classified into pharmaceuticals, pesticides, gases, artificial poisonous substances, and natural toxic substances. Patients were classified according to the time of death, place of death, and region. In each case, the most causative substances of poisoning were identified. Results: There were 380,531 patients including poisoning-related diagnoses, of which 4,148 (1.1%) died, and the WHO age-standardized mortality rate was 4.8 per 100,000. Analysis of 2,702 death patients whose primary diagnosis was acute poisoning, the most common cause of poisoning death was pesticides (62%), followed by therapeutic drugs, gas, and artificial toxic substances. Herbicides were the most common pesticides at 64.5%. The proportion of mortality by time, hyperacute (<6 h) 27.9%, acute (6-24 h) 32.6%, subacute (1-7 d) 29.7%, and delayed period (>7 d) were 9.8%. Conclusion: This study suggests that the most common cause of poisoning death was pesticides, and 60% of deaths occurred within 24 hours. The 71% of mortality from pesticides occurred within 6-24 hours, but mortality from gas was mostly within 6 hours. According to the geographic region, the primary cause of poisoning death was varied to pesticides or pharmaceuticals.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2015

Purpose: Delayed, traumatic, intraparenchymal hemorrhage (DTIPH) is a well-known contributing factor to secondary brain damage that evokes severe brain edema and intracranial hypertension. Once it has occurred, it adversely affects the patient's outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognosis factors for DTIPH by comparing clinical, radiological and hematologic results between two groups of patients according to whether surgical treatment was given or not. Methods: The author investigated 26 patients who suffered DTIPH during the recent consecutive five-year period. The 26 patients were divided according to their having undergone either a decompressive craniectomy (n=20) or continuous conservative treatment (n=6). A retrospective investigation was done by reviewing their admission records and radiological findings. Results: This incidence of DTIPH was 6.6% among the total number of patients admitted with head injuries. The clinical outcome of DTIPH was favorable in 9 of the 26 patients (34.6%) whereas it was unfavorable in 17 patients (65.4%). The patients with coagulopathy had an unexceptionally high rate of mortality. Among the variables, whether the patient had undergone a decompressive craniectomy, the patient's preoperative clinical status, and the degree of midline shift had significant correlations with the ultimate outcome. Conclusion: In patients with DTIPH, proper evaluation of preoperative clinical grading and radiological findings can hamper deleterious secondary events because it can lead to a swift and proper decompressive craniectomy to reduce the intracranial pressure. Surgical decompression should be carefully selected, paying attention to the patient's accompanying injury and hematology results, especially thrombocytopenia, in order to improve the patient's neurologic outcomes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2023

Background: Delayed sternal closure (DSC) is a useful option for patients with intractable bleeding and hemodynamic instability due to prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass and a preoperative bleeding tendency. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) has been widely used for sternal wound problems, but only rarely for DSC, and its efficacy for mediastinal drainage immediately after cardiac surgery has not been well established. Therefore, we evaluated the usefulness of DSC using VAC in adult cardiac surgery. Methods: We analyzed 33 patients who underwent DSC using VAC from January 2017 to July 2022. After packing sterile gauze around the heart surface and great vessels, VAC was applied directly without sternal self-retaining retractors and mediastinal drain tubes. Results: Twenty-one patients (63.6%) underwent emergency surgery for conditions including type A acute aortic dissection (n=13), and 8 patients (24.2%) received postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Intractable bleeding (n=25) was the most common reason for an open sternum. The median duration of open sternum was 2 days (interquartile range [25th-75th pertentiles], 2-3.25 days) and 9 patients underwent VAC application more than once. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 27.3%. Superficial wound problems occurred in 10 patients (30.3%), and there were no deep sternal wound infections. Conclusion: For patients with an open sternum, VAC alone, which is effective for mediastinal drainage and cardiac decompression, had an acceptable superficial wound infection rate and no deep sternal wound infections. In adult cardiac surgery, DSC using VAC may be useful in patients with intractable bleeding or unstable hemodynamics with myocardial edema.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.23-37
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• 1973

This paper presents the effect of chronic administration of psychotropic drugs on rats. The experimental animals were litter mates (average initial body weight $47{\pm}1.1g$) whose mother were bred at our laboratory. Each litter mate was treated as one group. Control animals were treated with tap water and each experimental group was treated with caffeine citrate 0.1%, nialamide 0.1%, ethyl alcohol 2.5%, phenobarbital sod. 0.1%, diphenylhydantoin 0.1%, chlorpromazine 0.1%, reserpine 0.005%, diazepam 0.01%, chlorpheniramine 0.01% solutions respectively in drinking water over a period of ten weeks. All rats were allowed food and drinking water ad libitum. The mortality rate and the per cent increase of body weight were recorded weekly throughout the course of the experiment. The effects of above agents on the pentobarbital sleeping time, gastric secretion, and brain and liver weights were studied at the end of ten weeks treatment. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Mortality rate was highest in the groups treated with phenobarbital and chlorpromazine respectively. Through the experimental period (ten weeks), the mortality rate was higher in earlier stage than in the later period. 2. During the period of prolonged administration of psychotropic drugs, only diazepam treated group showed remarkable difference in per cent increase of body weight from the control group of rats. 3. Acute treatment with psychotropic drugs delayed the onset of pentobarbital sleeping time. In contrast, the sleeping time was significantly shortened (p<0.001) when the rats were treated chronically with those agents. 4. The effects of chronic treatment with phenobarbital or diphenylhydantoin on the gastric secretion are as follows: the total acidity was remarkably decreased while the pH was increased. 5. The brain weight was significantly decreased in the ethyl alchol and in the chlorpheniramine treated groups, in the mean time, there was no change in liver weight treated with any psychotropic drugs.