• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2010

Objective : We conducted this study to evaluate the clinical impact of early enteral nutrition (EN) on in-hospital mortality and outcome in patients with critical hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 123 ICH patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 3-12. We divided the subjects into two groups : early EN group (< 48 hours, n = 89) and delayed EN group ($\geq$ 48 hours, n = 34). Body weight, total intake and output, serum albumin, Creactive protein, infectious complications, morbidity at discharge and in-hospital mortality were compared with statistical analysis. Results : The incidence of nosocomial pneumonia and length of intensive care unit stay were significantly lower in the early EN group than in the delayed EN group (p < 0.05). In-hospital mortality was less in the early EN group than in the delayed EN group (10.1% vs. 35.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). By multivariate analysis, early EN [odds ratio (OR) 0.229, 95% CI : 0.066-0.793], nosocomial pneumonia (OR = 5.381, 95% CI : 1.621-17.865) and initial GCS score (OR = 1.482 95% CI : 1.160-1.893) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with critical hypertensive ICH. Conclusion : These findings indicate that early EN is an important predictor of outcome in patients with critical hypertensive ICH.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.473-493
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• 2014

This paper concerns with a class of delayed Nicholson's blowflies model with a nonlinear density-dependent mortality term. Under appropriate conditions, we establish some criteria to ensure that the solutions of this model converge globally exponentially to a positive almost periodic solution. Moreover, we give some examples and numerical simulations to illustrate our main results.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.669-673
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• 1999

1997년 7월, 강원도 소양댐에서 채포한 어미로부터 수정란을 받아 부화사육하면서 절식 1일(부화 후 5일째), 3일, 5일 실험구와 무급이구에서 쏘가리 자어의 체형, 생존율 변화 및 공식률을 조사하였다. 쏘가리 자어는 4일째 먹이를 먹기 시작하였으며 7일 절식구와 무급이구는 9일째 (부화 후 12일째) $100\%$ 사망하였다. 절식 1일 실험구에서는 급이구와 유사한 성장을 나타냈으며 3일 절식구는 실험종료일에 $33\%$의 생존율을 나타내었다. 기아시 쏘가리 자어는 전상 금이구보다 성장이 느렸으며 지느러미의 발달도 느려졌고 체고 (BD)와 근절 높이 (MH)가 낮아지는 형태학적 변화를 나타내었다. 공식은 급이구에 비하여 무급이구나 절식구에서 발생빈도가 높게 나타났으며 절식구에서는 1일 최고 $23\%$의 높은 공식률을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2013

Although a majority of patients with splenic rupture present acutely, up to 15% present with a delayed rupture days to weeks following a substantial abdominal injury. The mortality for patients presenting with acute splenic rupture is approximately 1% whereas that associated with delayed rupture approaches 15%. Although many cases of delayed splenic rupture have been reported, the majority of those reports present delayed splenic rupture associated with an underlying systemic disorder such as liver or kidney disease, or another hematologic disorder. We found a delayed splenic rupture case that documented the normal spleens of young healthy soldiers after trivial abdominal trauma, and we have had successful treatment experience with delayed rupture of a normal spleen after trivial trauma. Therefore, we want to review the literature and discuss the phenomenon of delayed rupture of the spleen following trivial trauma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.517-522
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• 2002

목적: 선천성 심장질환에서 수술 직후 심장부종이나 혈역학적 불안정 상태시 흉골을 열어놓고 나중에 봉합을 하는 지연 흉골 봉합이 도움이 될 수 있다. 이러한 경우에 있어서 사망률과 종격동 감염률 그리고 그 위험 인자를 알고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1994년 1월부터 2001년 5월까지 연세대학교 의과대학 심장혈관병원에서 선천성 심장수술 후 지연 흉골 봉합을 시행한 40명의 환자를 대상으로 이들에 있어서 사망률과 종격동 감염률를 조사하고 이에 영향을 미치는 인자로 수술시간, 인공심폐기 사용시간(bypass time), 대동맥 결찰시간(ACC time), 수술 후 흉골을 열어놓고 있었던 시간, 인공호흡기를 하고 있었던 기간을 조사하였다. 종격동 감염은 종격동에서 균이 동정된 경우로 정의 하였다. 결과: 흉골을 열고 나온 이유로는 혈역학적 불안정이 36명으로 가장 많았고 출혈과 흉골 봉합시 도관(conduit)이 눌려 열고 나온 경우가 각각 2명이었다. 이들의 수술시 나이는 $14.4{\pm}33.4$개월(2일-12년 2개월)이었고 출혈과 흉골 봉합시 도관이 눌려 흉골을 열고 나왔던 4명 모두 나머지에 비해 나이가 많았다. 봉합까지의 평균 기간은 $4.5{\pm}3.4$일(1~20일)이었다. 사망률은 25%(10/40)였으며 종격동 감염률은 수술후 10일 이전에 감염이 원인이 아닌 사망을 보인 3명의 환자를 제외한 나머지 환자를 대상으로 하였을 때 24.3%(9/37)를 나타내었다. 이러한 사망률과 종격동 감염율에 미치는 위험 인자로 수술 시간, 인공심폐기 사용기간, 대동맥 결찰시간, 수술후 흉골을 열고 있었던 기간, 인공호흡기를 하고 있었던 기간을 설정 후 이에 대한 단변량 분석결과 대동맥 결찰 시간만이 사망률에 대해 의미를 가졌으나 다변량 분석결과에서는 통계학적 의미를 갖지 못했다. 결론: 선천성 심장병 수술후 지연 흉골 봉합을 하는 경우 상대적으로 높은 사망률과 종격동 감염률을 보였으나 수술후 혈역학적 불안정상태 및 출혈, 도관이 눌러는 경우 등에 있어서 수술당시 흉골 봉합을 시도했다면 더 높은 사망률이 예상된다. 이러한 경우에 있어 지연 흉골 봉합을 통하여 더 높은 생존율을 기대할 수 있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권7호
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• pp.685-690
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• 2005

Recently, twinning rate increases in Korea since the early 1990s by delayed marriage and prevailing of assisted reproductive technology. But twin and higher-order multiples are at increased risk for perinatal and neonatal mortality over 5 fold despite of dramatic improvement of perinatal and neonatal care. Because twins are born more prematurely and have lower birth weights than singleton. In addition, twins are at increased risk for cerebral palsy mainly in monochorionic twins due to co-twin fetal death, twin to twin transfusion and congenital anomaly. So, this article reviews the factors contributing to the mortality and morbidity of the twins and the efforts to decrease the neonatal mortality of twins.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2001

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in the past was considered a surgical emergency requiring immediate operation. Several groups now advocate preoperative stabilization and delayed surgery. The treatment strategy for CDH in this institution is delayed surgery after preoperative stabilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of delayed surgery. A retrospective review of 16 neonates with CDH was performed. Surfactant. conventional mechanical ventilation. high frequency oscillation. and nitric oxide were utilized for preoperative stabilization as necessary. The difference in outcome between two groups differentiated by the duration of the preoperative stabilization periods with mechanical ventilation (${\leq}$ 8 hours and > 8 hours) was determined. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. There were 7 right-sided hernias and 9 left. The average duration of stabilization was 32.4 hours. Hepatic herniation through the defect was found in 6 cases and all died. The most common postoperative complication was pneumothorax. The mortality rate of the right side hernia was higher than the left (85.7% vs. 33.3%. p=0.036). Mortality rate of the group (N=8) whose preoperative stabilization period was 8 hours or less was better than that (N=6) whose preoperative stabilization period was more than 8 hours (25.0% vs. 83.3%. p=0.031). The overall mortality rate was 56.3%. The better prognosis was noticed in left side hernia. no liver herniation, or shorter preoperative stabilization period.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.977-982
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• 1995

Early repair of complex congenital heart malformation may lead to life-threatening respiratory and hemodynamic embarrassment on sternal closure. We performed delayed sternal closure in nine neonates to avoid a fatal outcome in these situations. Primary elective open sternum was used in 8 [66.7% and primary sternal closure in 4 [33.3% of the 12 patients studied. one patient with primary sternal closure underwent delayed sternal reopening in the intensive care unit. Of the 9 patients with open sternum, 2 patients died of low cardiac output and acute renal failure respectively before delayed sternal closure. 7 patients could undergo delayed sternal closures 3 days after initial operation. The mean age at open cardiac procedure was 14.3 days [range 3 to 30 and mean preoperative weight was 3.4kg [range 2.8 to 4.1 . The aortic cross-clamping time was longer in the group with open sternum than the group with closed sternum [p=0.042 . There was no morbidity and mortality related to delayed sternal closure. Given the low morbidity and potential benifits, this technique should be used in neonates after open heart procedures when postoperative mediastinal compression produces frank low cardiac output or respiratoy compromise during a trial of sternal closure.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.373-380
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• 1982

Experience with intracardiac surgery in infants indicates that for most anomalies the operation and late mortality after primary total correction is lower than the combined mortality after early palliation and delayed correction. In addition, there are secondary benefits of primary total correction in terms of reversal of retarded physical growth and social development and alleviation of parental anxiety. One hundred and fifteen infants under 2 years of age with congenital cardiac anomalies underwent primary surgical intervention at Seoul National University Hospital from Jan. `78 to Sep. `82. There were 70 patients with VSD, 17 patients with TOF, 10 patients with TGA, 4 patients with ASD, 4 patients with TA, 3 patients with TAPVR, and the remainders are Coronary AV Fistula, partial ECD+COA, SV, DORV, PA, Trilogy+PDA. The overall surgical mortality was 18.3%. In acyanotic group 6 patients died among 76 operated patients, and surgical mortality was 6.6%. But in cyanotic group, the mortality was very high as41.0% [16 patients among 39 patients]. This poor surgical result in cyanotic group was due to Improper pre-, intra- and post-operative care, and we are convincing that these factors soon be improved as experiences accumulated.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.455-459
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• 1994

We experienced 20 cases of acquired aortic diseases during last 1 year [Sep. 1992-Aug. 1993] with newly developed surgical strategies. There were 13 cases[65%] of aortic dissections, 5 cases[25%] of aortic aneurysms and 2 cases of Takayasu arteritis with mean age of 56 + 16 years[range:5-78].In ten cases of patients requiring ascending aortic replacement, femoral artery and femoral vein &/or RA auricle were used as cannulation site. With deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and retrograde cerebral perfusion of cold oxygenated blood via SVC, we can replace the ascending aorta and part of arch if necessary. The mean duration of circulatory arrest was 30 minutes[17-45 min]. In 5 cases of patients who requiring descending and thoracoabdominal aorta replacement, we used simple aortic crossclamping under normothermia with no heparin. The mean duration of aortic crossclamping was 37 minutes[25-50 min].The results of operation were as follow:Operative mortality[2 cases, 10%], delayed cerebral infarct[1], low extremity weakness[1] and intraoperative myocardial infarct[1]. There are no delayed complication or mortality as yet.