• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.283-291
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to perform histomorphometric evaluations of the bone surrounding orthodontic miniscrews according to their proximity to the adjacent tooth roots in the posterior mandible of beagle dogs. Methods: Four male beagle dogs were used for this study. Six orthodontic miniscrews were placed in the interradicular spaces in the posterior mandible of each dog (n = 24). The implanted miniscrews were classified into no loading, immediate loading, and delayed loading groups according to the loading time. At 6 weeks after screw placement, the animals were sacrificed, and tissue blocks including the miniscrews were harvested for histological examinations. After analysis of the histological sections, the miniscrews were categorized into three additional groups according to the root proximity: high root proximity, low root proximity, and safe distance groups. Differences in the bone-implant contact (BIC, %) among the root proximity groups and loading time groups were determined using statistical analyses. Results: No BIC was observed within the bundle bone invaded by the miniscrew threads. Narrowing of the periodontal ligament space was observed in cases where the miniscrew threads touched the bundle bone. BIC (%) was significantly lower in the high root proximity group than in the low root proximity and safe distance groups. However, BIC (%) showed no significant differences among the loading time groups. Conclusions: Regardless of the loading time, the stability of an orthodontic miniscrew is decreased if it is in contact with the bundle bone as well as the adjacent tooth root.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2024

무치악 환자에서 임플란트를 이용한 보철치료는 임플란트 고정성 보철, 임플란트 융합 국소 의치, 하이브리드 보철물, 임플란트 유지 및 지지 피개의치 등의 다양한 방법이 있다. 본 증례에서는 중등도 이상의 만성 치주염에 이환 되어 전악 발치가 필요한 환자에서 computer guided surgery를 이용하여 계획된 위치에 임플란트를 식립하였다. 상악은 불량한 골질로 초기고정력이 충분하지 않아 지연 부하를 시행하였고 골 유착 기간 동안 임시 의치를 사용하였다. 하악은 안정적인 초기 고정을 얻어 즉시 부하를 이용하여 환자의 불편감을 감소시켰다. 임플란트 일차 안정은 즉시 부하를 얻기 위해 가장 중요한 요소로 여겨지기 때문에 수술 전 반드시 임상적, 방사선학적 평가를 통해 잔존 치조골 양 및 골질을 파악해야 한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권5호
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• pp.545-556
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• 2021

The present experimental study evaluated the seismic performance of six engineered cementitious composite (ECC) columns strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates under cyclic lateral loading. The ECC columns damaged and crushed in the first stage of cyclic tests were repaired using the ECC with a certain polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and strengthened with flexural and sheer CFRP laminates and then re-assessed under the cyclic loading. The effects of some variables were examined on lateral displacement, energy absorption and dissipation, failure modes, crack patterns, load bearing capacity and plasticity, and the obtained results were compared with those of the first stage of cyclic tests. The results showed that retrofitting the ECC columns can improve their performance, plasticity and load-bearing threshold, delayed the concrete failure, changed the failure modes and increased the energy absorbed by the strengthened columns element by over 50%.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2002

Initiation and propagation of interfacial crack along bimaterial interface are considered in this study. A biaxial loading device for a single specimen is used for obtaining a wide range of mode-mixities. The specimen is an edge-cracked bimaterial strip of glass and epoxy; the biaxial loading device, being capable of controlling displacements in two perpendicular directions, is developed. A series of interfacial crack initiation and Propagation experiments are conducted using the biaxial loading device for various mixed modes. Normal crack opening displacement (NCOD) is measured near crack front by a crack opening interferometry and used for extracting fracture parameters. From mixed mode interfacial crack initiation experiments, large increase in toughness with shear components is observed. The behavior of interfacial crack propagation analyzed as a function of mode-mix shows that initial crack propagation is delayed with increase of mode-mixity, and its velocity is increased with positive mode-mixity but decreased with negative case. However, it is found that crack propagation is less accelerated with positive mode-mixity than the negative mode-mixity, which may be caused by contact and/or effects of friction between far field and near-tip Held along the interfacial crack.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2022

현재 컨테이너 항만은 최신의 정보통신 기술을 활용한 자동화된 운영시스템에 의해 규격화된 컨테이너들은 최적의 적부계획(Stowage Planning)에 의해 체계적으로 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 단위 중량이 수십 톤에 이르는 철강 코일의 적부는 현재까지도 수작업으로 이루어지고 있어서 작업이 매우 비효율적이다. 그 결과로 작업들은 지연되고 안전사고들도 자주 발생되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수작업에 의한 철강코일의 적부 과정에서 일어나는 판단착오, 체선, 안전사고 등을 방지하기 위하여 철강코일 적부 자동화 시뮬레이션 시스템을 설계하였다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.337-349
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• 2008

최적의 골유착을 얻기 위하여 임플란트 디자인의 개선과 다양한 표면처리 방법이 개발되어 왔는데, 특히 최근 알칼리 에칭과 이온 주입법, 양극산화법 등 생화학적인 골유착을 유도할 수 있는 표면개질 방법이 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 이러한 방법 중 마그네슘 이온을 함유한 전해액속에서 양극산화피막처리한 임플란트(마그네슘 임플란트)를 이용하여 조기 하중의 가능성이 제시된 바 있다. 그러나 마그네슘 임플란트의 경우 장기간의 기능적 하중을 가한 경우에 대한 연구가 부족한 상태이므로, 이에 본 연구에서는 비글견을 이용한 동물실험을 통해 지연하중을 가한 마그네슘 임플란트의 방사선적, 임상 안정성 검사 및 조직형태학적 분석을 시행하여 화학적 표면개질 임플란트의 골조직 반응을 기계가공 임플란트와 비교 평가하고자 하였다. 발치 후 3개월의 치유과정을 가진 비글 성견 6마리의 하악에 좌우 3개씩 실험용으로 제작된 직경 3.75 mm, 길이 10.0 mm의 나사 형태 임플란트 36개를 보편적인 임플란트 시술시 이용하는 식립법을 이용하여 식립하였다. 18개의 대조군은 기계가공만 한 상태였고, 실험군은 마그네슘을 함유한 전해액에서 양극산화 피막처리하였다. 식립 후 3개월 동안의 치유기간 후 이차수술을 실시하였으며, 연결고정하지 않고 단일치 금관수복으로 보철물을 장착하여 하중을 가하였다. 3개월 동안 하중을 가한 후에 희생시켜 비탈회 연마 표본을 제작하여 조직형태 계측학적 분석을 시행하였다. 임플란트 식립시, 이차 수술시, 하중을 가한 1개월, 3개월 후에 변연골 흡수를 평가하기 위해 방사선학적 검사를 실시하였고, 골계면 사이에서의 안정성을 평가하기 위해 공진주파수 수치를 측정하였다. Mann-Whitney U test와 repeated measured ANOVA를 이용하여 95 퍼센트 유의수준으로 통계적 유의성을 확인하였다. 총 36개의 임플란트 중 8개에서 일차 수술 후 골유착의 실패가 나타났으며, 1개는 3개월의 부하 후에 실패 양상이 나타났다. 공진주파수분석결과, 마그네슘 임플란트군은 대조군과는 달리 공진주파수 수치가 증가하다가 다소 감소하는 양상을 보였으며, 하중을 가한 3개월 후에는 두 군의 수치가 비슷하였다. 방사선 사진 분석 결과 두 군 모두 시간에 따른 변연골 흡수량이 증가하였으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 조직형태학적인 분석 결과 마그네슘-임플란트가 대조군에 비해 더 높은 수치의 골임플란트 계면접촉율을 보여 주었으나, 나사산내 골면적은 더 낮았다. 그러나 두 군 모두에서 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 지연 하중을 가하는 경우에 있어서 골유착에 대한 마그네슘-임플란트의 효과는 기계가공된 임플란트와 유사하였다. 조기 하중시 더 빠르고 강한 골반응을 보여주던 이전 연구와 종합하여 볼 때, 마그네슘 임플란트는 즉시 또는 조기 하중 가능성을 증진시켜 주며, 지연 하중에서는 생체 적합성이 우수한 타이타늄과 유사한 골유착 정도를 보이는 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 임상적으로 화학적 표면개질 방법의 유용성을 판단하기 위해 다양하고 장기적인 임상 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2015

The research carried out on thorium-based fuels indicates that these fuels can be considered as economic alternatives with improved physical properties and proliferation resistance issues. In the current study, neutronic assessment of $UO_2$ in comparison with two $(Th-^{233}U)O_2$, and $(Th-^{235}U)O_2$ thorium-based fuel loads in a heavy water research reactor has been proposed. The obtained computational data showed both thorium-based fuels caused less negative temperature reactivity coefficients for the modeled research reactor in comparison with $UO_2$ fuel loading. By contrast, $^{235}U$-containing thorium-based fuel and $^{235}U$-containing thorium-based fuel loadings in the thermal core did not drastically reduce the effective delayed neutron fractions and delayed neutron fractions compared to $UO_2$ fuel. A provided higher conversion factor and lower transuranic production in the research core fed by the thorium-based fuels make the fuel favorable in achieving higher cycle length and less dangerous and costly nuclear disposals.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.77-85
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• 1999

In this study, a computer program considering initial imperfection of axisymmetric reinforced concrete shell which plastic deformation by large external loading was developed . Initial imperfection of dome was assumed as 'dimple type' which can be expressed as Wi=(Wo/h)(1-x$^2$)$^3$. The developed model applied to the analysis of dynamic response of axisymmetric reinforced concrete shell when it has initial imperfection. The initial imperfection of 0.0, -5.0, and 5cm and steel and steel layer ratio 0,3, and 5% were tested for numerical examples . The results can be summarized as follows ; 1. Dynmaic response of vertical deflection at dome crown showed slow increased if it has not inital imperfection . But the response showed relatively high amplitude when initial imperfection was inner directed (opposite direction to loading). Similar trends also appeared for different steel layer ratios. 2. Dynamic responses of radial displacement at the junction of dome and wall showed the highest amplitude when initial imperfection was inward directed (opposite direction to loading). The lowest amplitude occurred when initial imperfection was outward directed (same direction to loading). Vibration period also delayed for inward directed initial imperfection . These trends were obvious as steel layer ratio increasing. 3. The effects of imperfection for the dynamic response of radial displacement a the center of wall scarely appeared. The effects of initial imperfection of dome on the dynmaic response of the wall can be neglected. 4. Effect of steel on the dynmic response of axisymmetric shell structure was great when initial imperfection did not exist. And the effect of direction of initial imperfection (inward or outward) did not show big difference.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2022

This study investigated the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) wall-slab frames with masonry infills. Four RC wall-slab frames with or without masonry infill were tested under cyclic loading. The RC frames were composed of in-plane and out-of-plane walls and top and bottom slabs. For masonry infill walls, cement bricks were stacked applying mortar paste only at the bed joints, and, at the top, a gap of 50 mm was intentionally left between the masonry wall and top RC slab. Both sides of the masonry walls were finished by applying ordinary or fiber-reinforced mortars. The tests showed that despite the gap on top of the masonry walls, the strength and stiffness of the infilled frames were significantly increased and were different depending on the direction of loading and the finishing mortars. During repeated loading, the masonry walls underwent horizontal and diagonal cracking and corner crushing/spalling, showing a rocking mode inside the RC wall-slab frame. Interestingly, this rocking mode delayed loss of strength, and as a result, the ductility of the infilled frames increased to the same level as the bare frame. The interaction of masonry infill and adjacent RC walls, depending on the direction of loading, was further investigated based on test observations.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

PURPOSES : In order to evaluate a crack resistance at cold joint, sealing tape was adopted to apply at cold joint instead of typical tack coat material(RSC-4). The sealing tape was made by hot sealing material. The crack resistance as function of environmental and traffic loading was measured with visual observation. METHODS : In this study, the crack resistance was evaluated as function of environmental and traffic loading. The freeze-thaw method was adopted for environmental loading of asphalt pavement. condition. The damage of cold joint under freeze-thaw action is initiated by ice expansion load and accelerated by the interfacial damage between new and old asphalt pavement. The traffic loading was applied with wheel tracking machine on the cold joint area of the asphalt pavement for 3 hours at $25^{\circ}C$. The evaluation of crack resistance was measured with visual observation. The freeze-thaw results shows that the sealing tape was significantly increased the crack resistance based on. RESULTS : To estimate the crack resistance at cold joint area due to the environmental loading, the Freeze-thaw test was conducted by exposing the product to freezing temperature(approximately $-18^{\circ}C$) for 24 hours, and then allowing it to thaw at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The tack coat material(RSC-4) was debonded after 21 cycles of the Freeze-thaw test. The first crack was observed after 14 freeze-thaw cycle with RSC-4 material. But, the sealing tape was not debonded after 24 cycle test. Also, the sealing tape shows the better performance of the crack resistance under the traffic loading with wheel track test. The crack was generated the under traffic loading with RSC-4(tack coating), however, the crack was not shown with sealing tape. It indicates that the sealing tape has a strong resistance of tensile stress due to traffic loading. CONCLUSIONS :Based on limited laboratory test result, a performance of crack resistance using the sealing tape is better than that of general tack coat material(RSC-4). It means that the sealing tape is possible to extend a pavement service life because the crack, one of the main pavement distresses, will be delayed.