• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.3 s.43
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• pp.400-411
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• 1993

The aim of this study is to analyze the variations among hospitals and hospital groups in resource use and procedures of diagnostic and therapeutic process, such as laboratory tests, radiologic examinations, tissue diagnosis, timing of surgery after admission, the time required for operation. The study was performed for five procedures including cesarean section (C/S), appendectomy, cholecystectomy, cataract extraction, and pediatric pneumonia. The 2,316 subjects were selected from medical insurance claims list, and from this list 413 cases were sampled for medical record review. The patterns of resource utilization and process of treatment were described according to hospitals and characteristics of hospital groups. The major results were as follows : 1. The numbers of laboratory and radiologic tests showed significant difference among hospitals and hospital groups. In case of hospital groups, we could find tendencies of more tests with increasing hospital bed size. 2. In general, the proportion of operative cases evaluated by tissue diagnosis postoperatively among all operations ranged from 28.3% to 100%. The proportion varied among hospital groups, of which general hospital A group(more than 15 specialty) showed the highest proportion. 3. Post-admission delay until operation and the time required for operative procedure were not invariable among hospitals and hospital groups. The duration of operation in tertiary hospitals was slightly shorter than general hospitals, with varying statistical significance. We could find that probably there were differences of quality among hospitals in some components of procedures, which suggested that the implementation of quality assurance activities would be mandatory. In this study, we simply described the patterns of resource utilization and some features of clinical process, with institution of the need for advanced studies with in-depth analyses for each component of diagnosis and treatment procedures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.129-141
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• 2009

Intermodal freight transportation is defined as the movement of freight from origins to destinations by two or more transportation modes. When implemented in hub networks, it could enhance the efficiency of the networks because consolidated flows are transported by more suitable modes and technologies. In spite of this advantage, the intermodal hub network design problem has received limited attention in the literature partly because of the complex nature of the problem. This paper aims to develop an optimization model for designing intermodal hub networks with sin91e allocation strategy. The model takes into account various cost components of intermodal hub networks including transportation, stationary inventory, and service delay costs. Moreover, using transport frequency variables, it is capable of endogenously determining the transportation economies of scale achieved by consolidation of flows. As such, the model is able to realistically represent the characteristics of intermodal hub networks in practice. Since the model Is a complicated nonlinear integer programming problem, we perform model simplification based on the analytical study of the model, which could facilitate the development of solution algorithms in the future. We expect that this study contributes to the design of intermodal hub networks as well as to the assessment of existing logistics systems.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to evaluated the effect of choline salt of maleichydrazide (C-MH) application on growth and root yield components of Bupleurum falcatum L. Flowering was delayed by C-MH application $17{\sim}35$ days. Twice application was more effective to delay flowering. Application of C-MH 2,000ppm at 30cm to 40cm of plant height reduced plant height 15cm, but increaced highly branches and the growth of root. The dried root yield per 10a was 27% higher in twice application of C-MH 2,000ppm than control plot.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 1992

Recently, a nursery mat made from rock wool has realized transplanting of the younger seedlings with the ordinary transplanting machines for Chibyo and Chubyo(3 and 4～5 leaved seedling, respectively). The seedlings defined as the 'Nyubyo' or 'Nursling seedlings' became possible to achieve economic profits from the reduction in both working time and costs. It being widely noticed as a strategy to solve the difficulties in current rice cultivation. The nursling seedlings are 1.4 to 2.5 leaves and height at 4.5 to 7cm, grown 4 to 7 days after seeding. They maintain still up to 50 to 80% of their nutrients in the endosperm, and can grow by using only their own nutrients for a certain period of time after transplanting. Nursling seedlings take 2 days in the nursery chamber at 32$^{\circ}C$ after seeding, and 2 days in the greening house at $25^{\circ}C$. This is only 4 days, all together, to make the nursling seedlings of 1.5 leaves which are ready for transplanting. Watering is only needed once at the sowing time. It only takes 1 or 2 waterings even to raise a seedlings for a period of 7 days. The number of nursery boxes can be reduced because it is possible to sow more densely(220 to 240g per box), thus it only needs seedlings of 15 to 16 boxes per 10 a which leads to a reduction in facilities and space needed. Temperature during the nursery period can be artificially adjusted more precisely which may lead to the prevention of temperature stress. The nursling seedlings can root rapid by because the crown roots from the coleoptile node begin to emerge immediately after transplanting. They show strong resistance to low temperature (12$^{\circ}C$) and deep-planting. There is no danger in the rooting of the seedlings even if half of their height is buried into the soil. Moreover, it can root at a rate of up to 65 to 80% even if the full height of the seedlings is buried. They show also strong resistance to submergence (10～15cm). The nursling seedlings tend to grow by producing tillers from lower nodes. It is therefore, necessary to control to keep the proper numbers of tillers per unit area. They have no fear in the delay of heading and their yield components can be so well balanced that the same level of yield was achieved with the nursling seedlings compared to that with Chibyo. It was further suggested that if the surplus tillers can be avoided by such cultivation practices, the number of grain per panicle can be kept greater and higher yield can be realized. Practical experiments with the nursling seedlings conducted in 1989 and 1990 by farmers in various areas showed exciting results. The nursling seedlings will become widely spread, or at least occupy an important position in Japanese and also in Korean rice cultivation techniques.tivation techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.77-84
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• 2012

It is known that some components of wood obstruct the hydration of cement when wood is mixed with cement. In order to examine the effect of pretreatment of wood chips in hot water, this study conducted the experiments for the setting and compressive strength of mortar by sieving pine wood chips with a 2.4mm sieve, dipping them in waters of different temperatures, and then using them as a part of the fine aggregate. For the experiments, water-cement ratio of the mortar was 0.50 and the amount of the fine aggregate substituted by wood chips was set at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of the mass of the fine aggregate. As a result of the test, it was found out that when wood chips were used to substitute fine aggregate for the production of mortar, more usage of wood chips postponed setting more, and the treatment of wood chips with water improved the problem of the delay in setting time. Especially, the final setting time of the mortar which used 2~6% of wood chips treated in $100^{\circ}C$ water for 30 minutes was almost the same as the final setting time of the mortar which used no wood chips. Also, the compressive strength of the mortar which used the wood chips treated with water was compared to that of the mortar which used the wood chips not treated with water. The result showed that the strength improved for age of 7 days and 28 days, while there was little change in strength for age of 3 days.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.195-201
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• 2020

COVID-19 is hitting the world. In order to bring about new ways of innovation in the space sector, we need to analyze changes in the space sector and design new challenge strategies. COVID-19 exposes inherent vulnerabilities in the space sector. In particular, COVID-19 is causing supply chain shocks in the space industry, resulting in delays in the supply of systems, subsystems and parts due to a complete or partial interruption of a manufacturing unit. As the overall impact of New Normal on the industry is overall, we continue to look at it in the space sector. COVID is causing supply chain shock in the space industry. It causes a delay in the supply of systems, subsystems and parts due to a complete or partial interruption of a manufacturing unit. In the supply of launch services, the launch schedule is being delayed, but the main launch is still taking place. Demand for major applications such as environmental monitoring is soaring in the earth observation utilization sector. Analyzing the impact on manufacturing, the vendor-based contraction is bringing delays in the supply of systems, subsystems and components, and launch service providers are trying to minimize delays in the launch schedule.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.457-463
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• 2015

A gas turbine engine plays an important role as a prime mover that is used in the marine transportation field as well as the space/aviation and power plant fields. However, it has a complicated structure and there is a time delay element in the combustion process. Therefore, an elaborate mathematical model needs to be developed to control a gas turbine engine. In this study, a modeling technique for a gas generator, a PLA actuator, and a metering valve, which are major components of a gas turbine engine, is explained. In addition, sub-models are obtained at several operating points in a steady state based on the trial running data of a gas turbine engine, and a method for controlling the engine speed is proposed by designing an NPID controller for each sub-model. The proposed NPID controller uses three kinds of gains that are implemented with a nonlinear function. The parameters of the NPID controller are tuned using real-coded genetic algorithms in terms of minimizing the objective function. The validity of the proposed method is examined by applying to a gas turbine engine and by conducting a simulation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to evaluated the effect of CM (plant growth regulator) treatment on flowering, pod maturing and root yield components of Astragalus membramaceus Bunge. Three dilution rates (60, 70 and 80 times) were sprayed at $3{\sim}4$ leave stage. As the results, flowering was delayed $25{\sim}35$ days than August 13 of control and higher dilution rates was more effective to delay flowering. At the havesting time, be compared with non-treatment, plant height reduced $7.6{\sim}18.9\;cm$ and number of matured pods were decreased $50.6{\sim}76.1$ by increasing dilution rates. However, weight of dry root per plant was increased to 29% and dry root yield per 10a was increased to 28% in dilution rates 70 compared with non-treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2022

Mitosis is a process in which a replicated genome is distributed to two daughter cells, and it is necessary for cell survival and organismal development. During mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures faithful chromosome segregation by monitoring the kinetochore attachment to the mitotic spindle. Although the SAC mechanism has been extensively studied over the last 30 years, the mechanism by which a single unattached kinetochore activates the SAC remains unclear. The key components of the SAC are Mad1, Mad2, Mad3 (BubR1 in higher eukaryotes), Bub1, Bub3, and Cdc20, which are all required for SAC activation. An essential step for SAC activation is the formation of the Mad2 - Cdc20 complex in the unattached kinetochore, which is kinetically disfavored. Although the mechanism by which Mad2 and Cdc20 are recruited to unattached kinetochores is well-known, it is not clear how they form a complex. Recently, a key mechanism for the formation of the Mad2 - Cdc20 complex has been identified, which is catalyzed by an unattached kinetochore. This supports the evidence that a single unattached kinetochore can activate the SAC signaling. Herein, we discuss the known key mechanism for SAC activation, review the recent studies on SAC, and conclude how their discoveries improved the understanding of mitosis.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.22-29
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• 2023

In the evaluation of seismic performance for structural materials and components, the loading rate and axial force can have a significant impact. Due to time-delay effects between input and output displacements, It is difficult to apply high-rate displacement in cyclic tests and hybrid simulations. Additionally, the difficulty of maintaining a consistent vertical load in the presence of lateral displacement has limited fast and real-time tests performed while maintaining a constant vertical load. In this study, slow, fast cyclic tests and real-time hybrid simulations were conducted to investigate the rate dependency and the influence of vertical loads of Isolation Bearing. In the experiment, the FLB System including an Adaptive Time Series (ATS) compensation and a state estimator was constructed for real-time control of displacement and vertical load. It was found that the vertical load from the superstructure and loading rate can have a significant impact on the strength of the seismic isolation bearing and its behavior during an earthquake. When conducting experiments for seismic performance evaluation, they must be implemented to be similar to reality. This study demonstrates the excellent performance of the system built and used for seismic performance evaluation and enables accurate and efficient seismic performance evaluation.