• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of packaging on the quality maintenance of paprika (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Sirocco) stored at three different temperatures. Paprika was either unpacked (control) or packed with individual PP (propylene) film and stored at 10℃ and 20℃ for 30 days. Quality characteristics such as weight loss and appearance were examined. Paprika packed with PP film at 10℃ showed fewer quality changes compared to unpacked paprika stored at the other temperatures. Commercial properties tended to decrease rapidly during storage at 20℃ with unpacked paprika. The degree of fresh weight loss was significantly lower in packed paprika at 10℃ compared to unpacked paprika stored at other temperatures. It was found that general appearance, soluble solids content, and hardness were complexly affected by storage temperature and PP film packaging. A storage temperature of 10℃ was effective in maintaining freshness, and paprika packed in PP film maintained greater freshness than unpacked paprika. Our results showed that packaging is necessary to preserve the freshness and improve the marketability of paprika in the domestic market.

• Design Convergence Study
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.123-135
• /
• 2017

In recent mobile health care service, health management using number of steps is becoming popular. In addition, a variety of activity trackers have made it possible to measure the number of steps more accurately and easily. Nevertheless, the activity tracker is not popularized, and it is a trend to use the pedometer sensor of the smartphone as an alternative. In this study, we tried to find out how much the number of steps collected by the smartphone versus the actual number of steps in actual situations, and what factors make the difference. We conducted an experiment to collect number of steps data of 21 people using the smartphone and wearable device simultaneously for 7 days. As a result, we found that the average number of steps of the smartphone is 62% compared to the actual number of steps, and that there is a large variation among users. We derived a regression model in which the accuracy of smartphone increases with the degree of awareness of smartphone. We expect that this can be used as a factor to correct the difference from the actual number of steps in the smartphone alone healthcare service.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.89-103
• /
• 2024

Objectives: This study analyzed an online survey targeting women and Korean medicine doctors who participated in the Yeosu City Postpartum Health Center Support Project. Through this, we would like to discuss the direction of support for postpartum health care support projects and new policies to encourage childbirth. Methods: In this study, we examined the results of an online survey from 73 women and 29 Korean medicine doctors. We examined 39 items, including basic information, childbirth-related items, Korean medicine treatment-related items, business satisfaction, and policies, answered by 73 women and 29 Korean medicine doctors who responded to the online survey. Results: The average age of women was 33.62±4.19 years, and the average age of Korean medicine doctors was 49.82±8.60 years. Musculoskeletal pain appeared most commonly in both maternal and Korean medicine doctors' online surveys. The visit date from the date of delivery was 36.87±27.06 days. Gungguijohyeol-um and Boheo-tang were widely used. The survey score of women whose main symptoms improved after taking herbal medicine was 3.04±1.15 points, and the survey score of Korean medical doctors was 4.13±0.74 points. The positive response to the policy was 73.7% for satisfaction with the overall policy to encourage childbirth, 54.8% for perceived support, and 65.7% for reduction of economic burden. Conclusions: Women who participated in the postpartum health care support project and received Korean medicine treatment and Korean medicine doctors who performed Korean medicine treatment were very satisfied. The most frequent postpartum symptom was musculoskeletal pain. The degree of improvement in main symptoms after taking herbal medicine was higher among Korean medicine doctors than among women. Among childbirth policies, the areas that should be prioritized are childbirth support projects and postpartum care projects.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.418-427
• /
• 2003

Objects: $^{99m}-lactosylated$ human serum albumin (LSA) is a newly synthesized radiopharmaceutical that binds to asialoglycoprotein receptors, which are specifically presented on the hepatocyte membrane. Hepatic uptake and blood clearance of LSA were evaluated in rat with acute hepatic injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and results were compared with corresponding findings of liver enzyme profile and these of histologic changes. Materials and Methods: DMN (27 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally in Sprague-Dawley rat to induce acute hepatic injury. At 3(DMN-3), 8(DMN-8), and 21 (DMN-21) days after injection of DMN, LSA injected intravenously, and dynamic images of the liver and heart were recorded for 30 minutes. Time-activity curves of the heart and liver were generated from regions of interest drawn over liver and heart area. Degree of hepatic uptake and blood clearance of LSA were evaluated with visual interpretation and semiquantitative analysis using parameters (receptor index : LHL3 and index of blood clearance : HH3), analysis of time-activity curve was also performed with curve fitting using Prism program. Results: Visual assessment of LSA images revealed decreased hepatic uptake in DMN treated rat, compared to control group. In semiquantitative analysis, LHL3 was significantly lower in DMN treated rat group than control rat group (DMN-3: 0.842, DMN-8: 0.898, DMN-21: 0.91, Control: 0.96, p<0.05), whereas HH3 was significantly higher than control rat group (DMN-3: 0.731,.DMN-8: 0.654, DMN-21: 0.604, Control: 0.473, p<0.05). AST and ALT were significantly higher in DMN-3 group than those of control group. Centrilobular necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells were most prominent in DMN-3 group, and were decreased over time. Conclusion: The degree of hepatic uptake of LSA was inversely correlated with liver transaminase and degree of histologic liver injury in rat with acute hepatic injury.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.455-467
• /
• 1996

This study was designed to evaluate the expression of type I collagen in periodontal tissue during the experimental movement of rat incisors. Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group(3 rats), and experimental groups(18 rats) where a force(75g) from helical springs across the maxillary incisors was applied. Experimental groups were sacrificed at 12 hours, 1, 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after force application, respectively. And tissue slides of control and experimental groups were studied histologically and immunohistochemically by LSAB(Labelled streptavidine Biotin) immunohistochemical staining for type I collagen. The results were as follows: 1. Until 28-day after force application, periodontal fibers were strectched on the tension side, and compressed in pressure side, and the arrangement of periodontal fibers was not recovered by that time. 2. The degree of type I collagen expression in control group was rare in the oral epithelium, predentin, pulp and periodontal ligament, but was mildly positive in osteoblasts, acellular cementum, cementoblasts, intermaxillary suture. 3. At acellular cementum of experimental group, the expression of type I collagen was moderate in 1-day and severe in 7-day, which was maintained until 28-day. 4. Type I collagen was observed in the newly formed fibrous connective tissue and osteoblasts at intermaxillary suture, moderately in 1-day, and severely in 14-day. 5. The tension side of periodontal ligament showed a more positive expression of type I collagen than the pressure side in 4-day. The degree was highest in 7-day and was not differentiated between sides in 14-day. 6. In the side wall of bone matrix on which osteoblasts were attached, type I collagen was expressed severely, especially in 7-day. From the above findings, we could suggest that bone remodeling in tooth movement be intimately related to the cell differentiation and the resulting formation of type I collagen.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.57 no.5
• /
• pp.425-433
• /
• 2004

Background : Induction of oral tolerance (OT) has been known to prevent allergic inflammation in acute asthma model within 4 weeks. However it is remained whether induction of OT may effectively prevent allergic inflammation in chronic asthma model over 4 weeks. We observed the effect of induction of OT on allergic inflammation and airway remodeling in chronic asthma model up to 8 weeks. Methods : 5-week-old female BALB/c mice divided into 4 groups-control group, asthma group, low dose OT group, and high dose OT group. To induce oral tolerance mice were fed ovalbumin (OVA) before sensitization with OVA and aluminum hydroxide-1 mg for 6 consecutive days in the low dose OT group and 25 mg once in the high dose OT group. Mice in the asthma group were fed phosphate buffered saline instead of OVA. After sensitization followed by repeated challenge with aerosolized 1% OVA during 6 weeks, enhanced pause (Penh), inflammatory cells, IL-13, and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids as well as OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a levels in serum were measured. In addition the degree of goblet cell hyperplasia and peribronchial fibrosis were observed from lung tissues by PAS and Masson's trichrome stain. Results : Both OT groups showed a significant decrease in Penh, inflammatory cells, IL-13, and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels in BAL fluids as well as OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a levels in serum compared with the asthma group (P<0.05). In addition, the degree of goblet cell hyperplasia and peribronchial fibrosis were significantly attenuated in both OT groups compared with the asthma group (P<0.01). Conclusion : These results suggest that induction of OT may effectively prevent allergic inflammation as well as airway remodeling even in chronic asthma model up to 8 weeks.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 1985

Phytotron and field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of morphological growth stage and environmental temperature on synthesis and accumulation pattern of cyanogenic glycosides in sorghum cv. Pioneer 931 and Sioux at Munich technical university from 1979 to 1980. Various growth stages of sorghum plants were grown in phytotron at 4 different temperature regimes of 30/25, 25/20, 28/18 and 18/8 degree C with 35,000 Lux over 13-h days. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Cyanogenic glycosides in sorghum plants were shown to have a great synthetic rate at early growth stages. The highest concentrations of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) were found at 2-leaf stage with 2384 and 1800ppm (DM basis) for Pioneer 931 and Sioux respectively. The contents of HCN were, however, however decreased markedly as morphological development, which shows a value of 173ppm (Pioneer 931) and 70ppm (Sioux) at heading stages. 2. Changes of hydrocyanic acid in sorghum plants were positive correlated with leaf weight ratio and leaf area ratio ($P{\leqq}0.1%$), while plant height shows a negative correlation with HCN contents ($P{\leqq}0.1%$). 3. Cyanogenic glycosides were accumulated in young plants mainly in leaves. During the late maturities, the contents of HCN in leaves and stalks were shown, however, a similar distribution. 4. Synthesis rates of cyanogenic glycosides were increased under high temperature. Accumulated hydrocyanic acid in the plants was, however declined when temperature exceeded 30 degree C. 5. Synthesis rates of cyanogenic glycosides were affected by nitrogen reductase activity (NRA). The concentration of hydrocyanic acid in sorghum plants was associated with increasing of nitrate-N accumulation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.87-100
• /
• 1989

Eimeria tenella, an intracellular protozoan parasite infecting the epithelial cells of the ceca of chickens, causes severe diarrhea and bleeding that can lead its host to death. It is of interest that 2. tenezla first penetrate into the mucosal intraepithelial Iymphocytes (IEL) before they parasitize crypt or villous epithelial cells. This in vitro study was undertaken to know whether the penetration of E. tenella into such a lymphoid cell is a beneficial step for the parasite survival and development. Three sequential experiments were performed. First, the in vitro established bovine kidney cell line, MDBK cells, were evaluated for use as host cells for E. tenella, through morphological observation. Second, the degree of parasite development and multiplication in MDBK cells was quantitatively assayed using radioisotope labelled uracil ($^3H-uracil$) . Third, the E. tenella sporozoites viability was assayed after preincubation of them with thicken spleen cells. E. tenella oocysts obtained from the ceca of the infected chickens were used for the source of the sporozoites. Spleen cells (I) obtained from normal chickens (FP strain) were preincubated with the sporozoites (T) at the E:T ratio of 100:1, 50:1 or 25:1 for 4 or 12 hours, and then the mixture was inoculated into the MDBK cell monolayer. Morphologically the infected MDBK cells revealed active schisogonic cycle of E. tenella in 3~4 days, which was characterized by the appearance of trophozoites, and immature and mature schizonts containing merogoites. The 3H-uracil uptake by E. tenella increased gradually in the MDBK cells, which made a plateau after 48~60 hours, and decreased thereafter. The uptake amount of $^3H-uracil$ depended not only upon the inoculum sixte of the sporozoites but also on the degree of time delay (preincubation; sporozoites only) from excystation to inoculation into MDBK cells. The 3H-uracil uptake became lower as the preincubation time was prolonged. In comparison, after preincubation of sporozoites with spleen cells for 4 or 12 hours, the 3H-uracil uptake was significantly increased compared with that of control group. From the results, it was inferred that, although the penetration of E. tenella sporozoites into the lymphoid cells such as IEL is not an essential step, it should be at least a beneficial one for the survival and development of sporozoites in the chicken intestine.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 2002

Objective : Increasing in frequency and success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and improved survival rates have led to growing concerns regarding the psychosocial aspects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. In this study, we have examined the stress coping strategies and related psychiatric symptom in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Methods : In this study, we examined the psychological stress symptoms of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients and differences of psychosocial variables between active coping group and passive coping group. Twenty nine recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were recruited prospectively and assessed at 2 weeks pretranplant and at 1-2 days posttranplant. Thirty normal controls were recruited. Assessments included a psychiatric interview, a variety of standardized questionnaires (Ways of Coping Questionnaires, Perceived Stress Scale, Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale, Short-Form 36 Health Survey). Results : Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients showed higher degree of depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p=0.011) symptoms than normal control group. However, no differences of depression and anxiety symptoms between pretransplant and posttransplant status were showed. And, passive coping group showed higher degree of depression (p=0.046) and anxiety symptoms (p<0.001) than active coping group. Conclusions : Our results suggested that many hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients would exhibit severe to moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression. Also, it seemed likely that passive coping style might influence the development of negative affect such as anxiety and depression. The implications of these findings were discussed in terms of the need to monitor the coping strategies and apply the appropriate psychiatric intervention. And, further prospective studies about long-term survival and psychological adaptive functions of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients are recommended.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 1975

Silkworm is known to be damaged under the unfavorable environmental conditions. Recently, it has been often argued that nicotine is a main factor to affect the silkworm nutritional balance and to result in decrease of quantitative characters, and unbalance of larval nutrition. Especially in spring season, there is tendency to produce nicotine damage to silkworm fed with the mulberry leaf near to tobacco field early cultivated in mulching system. In these connections, the trial was made in the different pots placing by the different distance 10rn, 20m, 40m, and 60m in the direction of east-north from the tobacco field. Location of pot near to the tobacco fold is 40m below the tobacco Held and gradually higher than the tobacco field by 10 degree of slope. In addition, when the mulberry field is divided into two areas from the east-south to west-north, southern east zone is lowering down below 10 degree of slope and has 36％ of east-south wind, 21％ of south-east wind and 16％ of south wind, etc. Pots are left on the mulberry field from the completion of lower part leaf harvest to just before upper part leaf harvest is completed for 32 days. Then silkworm at 4th-5th stage was fed with the leaf grown during the period and larval characters are statistically analyzed. The results are summarized as follows： 1. 10-40m distant pot statistically at the same level has the longest larval duration and 60m distant pot is. not significant at 5％ level. Whole larval duration has same tendency as in the 5th larval duration. 2. Percentage of delayed molting larvae at the 5th stage is increased in 10m distant pot and there is no significance statistically in other pots, as compared with that of control. 3. It is not showed that there is no damage to mortality of the old larvae in 60m distant pot. 4. 10-20m distant pot produces a low pupation and others are at the same level statistically at 5％ significance, 5. It is showed that nicotine damage is occurred in single cocoon freight and cocoon shell weight up to 60m distant pot, rather higher damage in cocoon shell weight than in single cocoon weight. 6. It is showed that cocoon yield from 10, 000 molted larvae including double cocoon is decreased up to 40m distant pot far from the tobacco field in which 40％ of cocoon yield in 10m distant pot by 7kg, 26％ of cocoon yield in 20m distant pot by 3.9kg, 24％ of cocoon yield in 40m distant pot by 3.6kg, and 12％ of cocoon yield in 60m distant pot by 1.8kg, as compared with control. However, there is no significance statistically at 5％ level in 60m distant pot. With these above results, it is concluded that nicotine da mage could be occurred in cocoon yield and cocoon quality up to 60m distant far from the tobacco field.