• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.571-574
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• 1997

Attempts were made in the laboratory to produce bypass fat using acid oil by precipitation and fusion methods. The degree of saponification by both of these methods was above 80 percent. Where heating facilities are not available, precipitation method could be used, otherwise, fusion method of bypass fat production is found to be more convenient, especially for commercial scale operations as handling of large volume of solutions is eliminated. Bypass fat thus produced was tested in vitro for rumen fermentation. Incorporation of acid oil in the incubation medium reduced TVFA conc. from 127.06 to 124.09 mM/l SRL and increased ammonia-N levels from 210.50 to 223 mg/l SRL indicating that the microbial activity was affected on incorporation of acid oil in the incubation medium. However, incorporation of bypass fat in the incubation medium did not significantly affect TVFA conc. as well as ammonia-N levels. In another experiment, nine rumen fistulated sheep in three groups of three each were fed bypass fat at two different levels. Dry matter disappearance in 24 h from the nylon bags suspended in the rumen of animals under different groups was found to be $47.74{\pm}1.10$, $47.55{\pm}0.21$ and $50.74{\pm}1.11$ in group I (control), group II (fed bypass fat 50 g/day) and group III (fed bypass fat 100 g/day), respectively. These studies indicated that it is possible to produce bypass fat from acid oils, a by-product of oil refining process, and its feeding did not affect rumen fermentation.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.35-42
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• 2013

Solvent extraction experiments have been performed to investigate an optimum condition to separate Nd and Pr from chloride solutions using PC88A and D2EHPA. In our experimental ranges, the distribution coefficients of Nd were higher than those of Pr. In both of PC88A and D2EHPA extractant system, our results indicated that the increase in concentration ratio of extractant to metal had a great effect on the extraction and separation of the two metals. In extraction with saponified D2EHPA, the initial pH of the aqueous solution and saponification degree had some effect on the extraction of the two metals but little effect on the separation factor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.430-434
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• 1987

Fatty acid fraction rich in ${\omega}-3$ polyunsaturated fatty acids (${\omega}-3$, PUFA), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could be obtained by saponification of fish oil in ethanol containing alkali hydroxide followed by cooling and filtration of the resultant solution. Fatty acid compositions of fish oil and the concentrates suggest that the ratio of number of double bonds to carbon number in a fatty acid molecule is a more important factor than the degree of unsaturation or the chain length in determining the solubility of fatty acid salts in ethanol. Water content in ethano1 affected significantly the efficiency of the separation with respect to yield and content of EPA and DHA in the concentrates; the lower the water content, the higher the efficiency. It was, however, influenced little by cooling procedure and temperature which the saponified solution experienced during the crystallization. Under an optimal condition, the contents of EPA and DHA in the concentrate increased by 2.4 and 2.5 times, respectively, as compared with those in sardine oil.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2018

In this study, oil of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds was prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCE) and its physicochemical indices as a new edible oil were investigated. Compared to Soxhlet solvent extraction, SCE under the condition of 6,000 psi at $40^{\circ}C$ produced more oil, especially from the roasted seeds to 32.7%. TLC analysis showed triacylglycerols accounted for most of the oil obtained from roasted Platycodon grandiflorum seeds by SCE similarly to commercial soybean oil or perilla seeds oil. The oil had highly unsaturated lipid with considerable amount of linoleic acid(73.27%) much more than two commercial oils followed by oleic acid(13.16%). Physicochemical properties of the oil were as follows; specific gravity, 0.92; dynamic viscosity, 45.37 cP; refractive index, 1.48; color, L=47.30, a=-3.69, b=25.72; iodine value, 141.57 g $I_2/100g$ oil; saponification value, 191.21 mg of KOH/g of oil; acid value, 2.60 mg of KOH/g of oil. Among those, refractive index, viscosity and iodine value, which were related to unsaturation degree of lipid, were ranged between those of two commercial oils. The oxidation stability of oil(2.03 hr) was also ranged between less stable perilla seeds oil(1.79 hr) and more stable soybean oil(2.94 hr) based on the induction time measured by Rancimat assay. In addition to extraction yield increase, seeds roasting provided further benefits such as reductions of cholesterol ester content and acid value without change in fatty acid composition. In conclusion, oil was extracted from the roasted Platycodon grandiflorum seeds at high yield by supercritical carbon dioxide and it seemed to have proper characteristics as a edible oil.