• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2000

This paper presents the fabrication and test of a micropump with an electromagnetic actuator and a pair of aluminum flap valves. The actuator consists of a solenoid coil, a permanent magnet and an actuator diaphragm. The actuator diaphragm is fabricated by the spin coating of silicone rubber. The valve are passive ones and are fabricated by micromachining. The deflection of the fabricated actuator diaphragm is measured with a laser vibrometer. The deflection of the actuator diaphragm is proportional to the input current. The measured deflection of the fabricated diaphragm is $400 \mum$,/TEX> when the input is 118 mApp, and the cut-off frequency is 50 Hz. The maximum flow rate of the fabricated micropump with the electromagnetic actuator is about 5$0 \muell/min$ at 5 Hz when the input current and the duty ratio of the square was are 118 mApp and 50%, respectively.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

최근 온라인 영상분석 시스템에 의한 수치영상의 정량적 분석에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행됨에 따라 교량 및 각종 구조물의 안정성 평가에 있어 수치영상의 환용이 모색되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 CDD 카메라로부터 획득된 영상을 이용하여 구조물의 변형을 효율적으로 해석하기 위해 동일시간대 입체영상 획득과 이를 일괄적으로 처리할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하고 콘크리트 하중재하시험을 실시하여 영상해석 정확도 및 공시체의 변위량을 도출하므로써 구축한 시스템에 대한 신뢰도 분석 및 활용가능성을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2009

Aircraft flight control surfaces which are one of the most important elements of safety allow a pilot to adjust and control the aircraft's flight attitude. This paper is described of the control surface deflection angle measuring device. Data analysis through ground test and flight test can provide reliability of this device using the present system. It is also shown that measuring system is capable of detecting failure of control surfaces.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.287-294
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• 2000

Calculation of the flexural rigidity value (EI) is indispensable for prescription of deflection characteristics of crop stalks in harvesting□Conventionally□EI has been determined by either average EI of the whole stalk or average EI of each stems divided into node through the calculation method of cantilever with homogeneous section□However□deflection characteristics of crop stalks caused by mechanical operation such as combine harvester were not exactly presumed by these conventional EI through the experiment by authors. Further, actual EI of a stalk changes in company with a change of moisture contents as time passes during the experiment. Finally, efficient calculation method for determining EI is needed in order to improve these problems. In this study, mechanical model based on actual structure of the crop stalk with variety sectional area was proposed. This mechanical model is calculated by the theory of cantilever with continuous stages. Therefore, improvement of both calculating accuracy on EI and efficiency of measuring system was tried. At first, this calculation method was applied to piano wire of which EI was recognized in advance. As a result, EI calculated from this new method coincided approximately with piano wire's EI. Next, applying to crop stalks as same as piano wire, relationship between loads acting on crop stalks and deflection values calculated by EI using this new calculation method was exactly presumed in comparison with conventional method. Further, measuring time of deflection test was greatly reduced. Finally, new calculation method of EI will be available for estimating mechanical characteristics of so many kinds of crop stalks in harvesting operation. Further, in this study, new deflection test using image-processing apparatus by computer will be introduced.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.631-639
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• 2017

This study experimentally investigated the flexural capacity of a concrete beam reinforced with a newly developed GFRP bar that overcomes the lower modulus of elasticity and bond strength compared to a steel bar. The GFRP bar was fabricated by thermosetting a braided pultrusion process to form the outer fiber ribs. The mechanical properties of the modulus of elasticity and bond strength were enhanced compared with those of commercial GFRP bars. In the four-point bending test results, all specimens failed according to the intended failure mode due to flexural design in compliance with ACI 440.1R-15. The effects of the reinforcement ratio and concrete compressive strength were investigated. Equations from the code were used to predict the deflection, and they overestimated the deflection compared with the experimental results. A modified model using two coefficients was developed to provide much better predictive ability, even when the effective moment of inertia was less than the theoretical $I_{cr}$. The deformability of the test beams satisfied the specified value of 4.0 in compliance with CSA S6-10. A modified effective moment of inertia with two correction factors was proposed and it could provide much better predictability in prediction even at the effective moment of inertia less than that of theoretical cracked moment of inertia.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.257-269
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the flexural performance of hybrid fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (HFRSCC) having different ratio of micro and macro steel fiber. A total of five mixtures are prepared. In all mixtures, the sum of the steel fiber content is 1% and also water/binder ratio is kept constant. The amount of high range water reducer admixture (HRWRA) is arranged to satisfy the workability criteria of self-compacting concrete. Four-point bending test is carried out to analyze the flexural performance of the mixtures at 28 and 56 curing days. From the obtained load-deflection curves, the load carrying capacity, deflection and toughness values are investigated according to ASTM C1609, ASTM C1018 and JSCE standards. The mixtures containing higher ratio of macro steel fiber exhibit numerous micro-cracks and, thus, deflection-hardening response is observed. The mixture containing 1% micro steel fiber shows worst performance in the view of all flexural parameters. An improvement is observed in the aspect of toughness and load carrying capacity as the macro steel fiber content increases. The test results based on the standards are also compared taking account of abovementioned standards.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.395-403
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• 2023

The main objective of this article is to investigate the response of different fiber metal laminates subjected to low velocity impact experimentally and numerically via finite element method (FEM). Hence, two different fiber metal laminate (FML) samples (GLARE/CARALL) are made of 7075-T6 aluminum sheets and polymeric composites reinforced by E-glass/carbon fibers. In order to study the responses to the low velocity impacts, samples are tested by drop weight machine. The projectiles are released from 1- and 1.5-meters height were the speed reaches to 4.42 and5.42 meter per second and the impact energies are measured as 6.7 and 10 Joules. In addition to experimental study, finite element simulation is done and results are compared. Finally, a detailed study on the maximum deflection, delamination and damages in laminates and geometry's effect of projectiles on the laminate response is done. Results show that maximum deflection caused by spherical projectile for GLARE samples is more apparent in comparison with the CARALL samples. Moreover, the maximum deflection of GLARE samples subjected to spherical projectile with 6.7 Joules impact energy, 127% increases in comparison with the CARALL samples in spite of different total thickness.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2009

집성재 보의 처짐의 경우 목재의 이방성 및 목재의 재질 특성(옹이, 목리경사 등) 때문에 이론식의 신뢰성 검토가 필요하다. 비파괴 탄성계수와 휨강도 시험을 통한 실측 탄성계수를 처짐곡선 미분방정식에 대입하여 휨 처짐을 산출하였으며 화상처리 방법을 통해 얻어진 실제 처짐과 비교하여 이론식에 의한 변형 예측의 타당성을 검토하였다. 방정식에 적용된 탄성계수는 초음파시험기를 이용한 제재판의 탄성계수와 종진동의 고유진동수를 이용한 제재판의 탄성계수로 구해진 예측 탄성계수($E_{cu}$, $E_{cf}$)와 제작된 집성재의 초음파의 통과속도를 이용한 탄성계수($E_{gu}$)와 종진동의 고유진동수를 이용한 탄성계수($E_{gf}$)를 대입하였다. 화상처리에 의한 실제 처짐과 처짐곡선 미분방정식에 의한 예측치을 비교한 결과, 휨탄성계수에 의한 경우 비례한도 영역 내에서 실측치와 예측치 비가 중앙집중하중에서는 1.12, 4점하중에서는 1.14로 비슷한 값을 나타내었다. 초음파 시험기를 이용한 처짐은 실측치와 예측치 비가 중앙집중하중에서는 0.89와 중앙집중하중에서는 0.95였으며 종진동을 이용한 처짐은 중앙집중하중 1.07과 4점하중은 1.10으로 모두 근사치를 나타냈다. 실험결과 집성재 보도 비파괴 탄성계수를 처짐곡선 미분방정식에 대입하여 구한 예측 처짐과 실제 처짐이 잘 일치하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Prestressed concrete I-girders are subject to different load types at their construction stages. At the time of strand release, i.e., detensioning, prestressed concrete girders are under the effect of dead and prestressing loads. At this stage, the camber, total net upward deflection, of prestressed girder is summation of the upward deflection due to the prestressing force and the downward deflection due to dead loads. For the calculation of the upward deflection, it is generally considered that prestressed concrete I-girder behaves linear-elastic. However, the field measurements on total net upward deflection of prestressed I-girder after detensioning show contradictory results. In this paper, camber calculations with the linear-elastic beam and elastic-stability theories are presented. One of a typical precast I-girder with 120 cm height and 31.5 m effective span length is selected as a case study. 3D finite element model (FEM) of the girder is developed by SAP2000 software, and the deflections of girder are obtained from linear and nonlinear-static analyses. Only geometric nonlinearity is taken into account. The material test and field measurement of this study are performed at prestressing girder plant. The results of the linear-elastic beam and elastic-stability theories are compared with FEM results and field measurements. It is seen that the camber predicted by elastic-stability theory gives acceptable results than the linear-elastic beam theory while strand releasing.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1986

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of loop formation and heat treatment upon the elastic properties of orthodontic wires. The specimens selected were .016', .018', .016x.022', and .018x.022' sized stainless steel (standard) and cobalt-chromium-nickel wires, and were divided into 7 groups as; 1. straight non-heat treated 2. U looped non-heat treated 3. L looped non-heat treated 4. Circle looped non-heat treated 5. U looped heat treated 6. L looped heat treated 7. Circle looped heat treated Heat treatment was performed in Big Jane furnace at 850' F for 3 minutes. The elastic limit and the elastic range of each specimen were determined by bending test, and load deflection rate was computed from those values. The findings were as follows; 1. The formation of loop resulted in increased load-deflection rate for both stainless steel and cobalt-chromium-nickel wires. 2. The heat treated group showed higher load-deflection rate than non-heat treated group, which was more apparent in cobalt-chromiumnickel wire than in stainless steel wire. 3. L loop had the highest load-deflection rate among 3 types of loops, followed by U loop and circle loop. 4. The specimens with greater diameter displayed the more increase in load-deflection rate by looping and heat treatment.