• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.129-135
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• 2021

Objectives: The present study reports case of an elderly kwashiorkor patient who was treated with Korean Medicine. Methods: A 68-year-old female patient with weight loss, general weakness, chills, anorexia, and dizziness after over 100 episodes of diarrhea visited the hospital. Blood tests showed hypoalbuminemia and anemia, and ultrasonography revealed fatty liver disease. The patient was diagnosed with kwashiorkor, and her symptom differentiation was Yang deficiency followed by Both Qi-Blood deficiency. Sayeok-Tang, Soshiho-Tang, Insamyangyeong-Tang, and Gongjin-Dan, herbal drugs, were given to the patient during 40 days of hospitalization. Results: After 40 days of hospitalization, her symptoms were reduced, and the blood test results improved. Conclusion: This case presents the therapeutic potential of Korean medicine in the treatment of kwashiorkor.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.166-183
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• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of pathogenesis between tinnitus patients group and healthy volunteers group by using DSOM (Diagnostic system of Oriental Medicine). Methods : Patients group is consisted of people who do not have any disorder except tinnitus, and healthy volunteers group is consisted of people who do not have any special symptom and past history. DSOM was used for pathogenesis investigation of these two groups. Results : There were significant differences between volunteers group and patients group in blood (血虛), dampness (濕), phlegm (痰) (p<0.05), In gender of patients group, deficiency of blood (血虛) was shown with female group statistically more than male group (p<0.05). On the other hand, with volunteers group, there was negligible difference between male and female. In age (over and below 50years), noticeable deficiency of blood (血虛) was shown in patients group. Especially, the old people who are over 50 years showed more deficiency of blood (血虛) than younger group (under 50 years) (p<0.05). With volunteers group, there was only negligible difference. Conclusion : This result showed definite difference in the pathogenesis between tinnitus patiensts group and healthy volunteers group.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.83-102
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to review Korean medical clinical management of female overactive bladder (OAB). Methods: We reviewed domestic and foreign papers related to Korean Medicine Treatment for OAB and literatures on Korean Medicine added clinical views of authors. Results: OAB is usually diagnosed to Deficiency pattern (Kidney qi deficiency-cold, Spleen-Lung qi deficiency et al.). The primary treatment goals of OAB is improvement of urinary symptom. But a comprehensive treatment approach including improvement of accompanied symptoms such as depression, insomnia, sexual dysfunction and improvement of quality of life is needed. Warming and tonifying herbal medicine, electro-acupuncture and moxibustion using acupoints specially acting bladder function in lower abdomen and lumbar-sacral area and behavioral therapies such as lifestyle modification, bladder training are usually primary treatments. Treatment period is recommended about 3~6 months to recover and stabilize bladder function. Conclusions: OAB is a clinical area that Korean Medicine tend to be more effective. but additional research about Korean Medical Clinical Management of OAB is needed.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

After studying the cause and mechanism of the itching with the perspective of chronic medical books including Neijing, and the annotators, the conclusions are as follows. 1. The itching, which has correlation with the heart, is the deficiency symptom(虛症). It is generated when the lung-metal(肺金) is infected by the fire pathogen(火邪) and developed to depression(鬱), because of the heart fire flaming upward of circuit year(歲火太過). The treatment is to make metal depression scatter(金鬱泄之). 2. The itching occurs between the dermis(膚) and the epidermis(皮). 3. The itching generates when the excess of yang exuberance(熱盛極) precede the transmission of the wind-heats(風熱), the wind-cold(風寒), and the wind-dampness(風濕). It causes the blood deficiency(血虛) and the blood stasis(血瘀) because of the skin dryness. 4. The itching usually generates during summer, causes the body fever(身熱) and the dermis pain(膚痛). When it becomes worse, it causes generalized itching and vesicles at the whole body(浸淫). 5. The itching is related to the spirit(魄), which works in unconsciousness and the movement of defense qi(衛氣) in night.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1189-1196
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• 2003

The effect of boron and aluminum on the development of adventitious roots was studied in sunflower cuttings. Three-day-old seedlings were de-rooted and grown in nutrient solutions with or without boron and supplemented with different concentrations (from 50 to 700 ${\mu}$M) of aluminum. The number and length of the adventitious roots and proline content in adventitious roots in response to insufficient boron and aluminum stress were determined periodically. The micronutrient boron caused the development of numerous roots in the lower parts of the hypocotyl. A dose-response of boron-induced rooting yielded an optimum concentration of 0.1 mM boron. In the absence of boron, in the majority of the adventitious roots, a significant inhibition was observed with or without aluminum, indicating that the most apparent symptom of boron deficiency is the cessation of root growth. Increasing concentrations of aluminum caused progressive inhibition of growth and rooting of the hypocotyls, and a parallel increase in proline levels of adventitious roots. Supplemental boron ameliorated the inhibitory effect of aluminum, suggesting that aluminum could inhibit root growth by inducing boron deficiency. Ascorbate added to medium in the absence of boron improved root growth and induced a significant decrease in proline levels. These findings suggest that adventitious root growth inhibition resulting from either boron deficiency or aluminum toxicity may be a result of impaired ascorbate metabolism.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.190-196
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• 2002

Zinc deficiency has been shown to result in poor appetite, causing anorexia. However, the role of zinc in the regulation of food intake is not well understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that zinc deficiency dysregulates circulating leptin level and leptin mRNA gene expression, and that whether these changes were occuring as a direct result of, or as a compensatory effect of zinc deficiency in rats. After an adaptation period of 4 weeks, Sprague Dawley rats were provided with three different level of zinc, as one week of a Zn-adequate (30 mg/kg) diet, then two weeks of a Zn-depletion (1 mg/kg ), and finally by two weeks of a Zn-repletion (50 mg/kg) diet. At the end of each dietary experimental period, one third of the 26 rats were killed. Zinc levels of blood subfractions (plasma, yee blood cells and mononuclear cells) and in the liver were substantially decreased, despite the fact that food intake was not substantially decreased during the Zn-depletion period. Serum leptin concentration was significantly increased during the zinc depletion period. Leptin mRNA in adipose tissue was also shown to be highly expressed during the Zn-depletion period. Presumably, increased leptin level and leptin mRNA induction during Zn-depletion conditions may be the cause of lowered appetite which is the common symptom of Zn-deficiency. In conclusion, These increases in circulating leptin levels and in leptin gene expression would be the direct result of, rather than the compensatory effect of, zinc deficiency.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to develop a standard instrument of Pattern Identification for jing ji and zheng chong. Methods : The advisor committee on this study was organized by 15 neuropsychiatry professors of oriental medical colleges. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. We took consultation 2 times from the advisor committee and we also took additional advices by e-mail. Results : 1. We divided the symptoms and signs of jing ji and zheng chong into 9 pattern identification. - heart deficiency with timidity(心膽虛怯), heart qi deficiency(心氣虛), heart blood deficiency(心血虛), heart yang inactivity(心陽不振), heart blood stasis(心血瘀阻), phlegm turbidity obstructing(痰濁阻滯), yin deficiency with effulgent fire(陰虛火旺), water qi intimidating the heart(水氣凌心), dual deficiency of the heart and spleen(心脾兩虛). 2. We got the mean weights that reflect standard deviation to each symptom of 9 pattern identification which had been scored on a 100-point scale. 3. We made out the Korean instrument of the pattern identification for jing ji and zheng chong. It was composed of 17 questions in question-and-answer form. Conclusions : Instrument of Pattern Identification for jing ji and zheng chong was developed through experts' disscussion. If the validity and reliability of this instrument is confirmed through additional clinical trial, the instrument of pattern identification for jing ji and zheng chong is expected to be applied to the subsequent research.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.99-107
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was designed to analyze correlation in deficiency syndrome of kidney index and bone mineral density(BMD) in 130 osteoporosis patients. Methods : 130 women who were over 50 years old and visited in Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, Cheonan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013, answered the questionnaire consisting of symptom of deficiency syndrome of kidney, to determine the deficiency syndrome of kidney Index(DSKI). Grade of low back pain were measured in the visual analogue scale(VAS). BMD of the patients were determined by quantitative computerized tomography(QCT). Then, DSKI with BMD, VAS and age were analyzed by correlation analysis, variance analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results : 1. Between DSKI and BMD, patients in total and in-their-50's group did not show a statistically significant result, but in-their-60's group and over-70 group showed a statistically significant result by correlation analysis. 2. Between DSKI and VAS, groups in total, in-the-50's, 60's, and over-70 groups showed a statistically significant result by correlation analysis. Conclusions : DSKI and BMD of the patients group who are over 60, DSKI and VAS of the patiens over 50 years old were associated with each other.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.107-118
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• 2015

Objectives Chronic leukorrhea is troublesome symptom to many women. It is well known that Korean medicine is safe and effective on chronic leukorrhea. So this study aims to report the clinical effect of Korean medicine on chronic leukorrhea diagnosed with qi deficiency. Methods The patient received herbal medication, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy, and Gong-jin therapy during hospitalization (about 17 days). Ikkijeseup-tang (IJST) was applied. Results Chronic leukorrhea, lethargy and loss of appetite was effectively reduced after the treatment. Qi deficiency questionnaire score decreased from 90 to 33. Visual Analogue Scale for chronic leukorrhea decreased from 7 to 0. SF-36 score increased from 268 to 323. Conclusions This case shows that Korean medicine is effective on chronic leukorrhea diagnosed with qi deficiency. Further experimental studies and clinical studies are needed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2012

In this paper, to find out how different the treatment of special individuals named 'old people' is with that of ordinary cases, Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) was chosen as the study material and some parts in it where the symptoms of old people in the same disease category were treated in different ways were excerpted to analyze the tendency of pathological symptoms and prescriptions in the physiological perspective. As the result of analysis on the parts in Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) where the old people were treated in different ways, it turned out that 65 prescriptions were used in 24 pathological symptoms. The 24 symptoms are included mainly in chapters of 'inner view(內景)' and 'outer form(外形)'. They are including the pathological symptoms which had been presented as general geriatric symptoms and also seems to have added other symptoms which should be clinically reflected in the specialty of treatment for geriatric diseases. The 65 prescriptions are also recorded mainly in chapters of 'inner view(內景)' and 'outer form(外形)'. The herbs used for them were sweet and warm herbs such as Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertner) Libosch(熟地黃), Angelica gigas Nakai(當歸), Panax ginseng C. A. Mey(人蔘) and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz(白朮) that can support the essence blood of liver and kidney and the energy of spleen, lung and stomach. Those herbs could be added or subtracted according to the symptom. It seems to have resulted from the treatment method that old people was applied to old people in consideration of their physiological features. When the 24 symptoms and 65 prescriptions for geriatric diseases different from ordinary ones in Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) were considered in the physiological view point, it could be seen that each pathological symptom was manifested as a exhaustion of kidney qi(腎氣枯渴) which was a characteristic physiologic state of old people. Through this, it could be seen that the use of prescriptions was also made to mitigate the body fluid deficiency(津液不足), the kidney yin inner heat(腎陰內熱), the heart spirit void and loss(心神虛損), the kidney yang deficiency(腎陽不足), the spleen failing in transportation(脾失健運), the spleen yang deficiency(脾陽不足), the liver fire inner movement(肝火內動) and the lung energy void and loss(肺氣虛寒).