• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.112-129
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this study is to explore the types of pattern identification (PI, 辨證) and the differential points of PI used for the treatment of psoriasis in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) based on the Chinese references and to provide the evidences applying PI for the treatment of psoriasis in clinical practice. Methods : This study extracted patterns of psoriasis through database CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and analysis the patterns and classification criteria of the patterns. Those examined in the study are dermal symptoms, general symptoms, formula and herbs which are different depending on the patterns. Results : Total 60 studies were selected and 44 pattern types were extracted from them. We categorized the main pattern types on psoriasis used in TCM as 'blood-heat syndrome(BHS, 血熱證)', blood-stasis syndrome(BSS, 血瘀證), and 'blood-dryness syndrome(BDS, 血燥證)', 'dampness-heat syndrome(DHS, 濕熱證)' and 'yang-deficiency syndrome(YDS, 陽虛證)'. Among these patterns, BHS was the most common. In TCM, the pattern of BHS tended to have skin symptoms and signs related to inflammatory erythema and heat. Both BSS and BDS were characterized by long disease duration and poor healing. In addition, DHS tended to have the skin symptoms and signs such as oozing and severe itching. The symptoms and signs related to coldness mainly showed in YDS. For PI criteria, 'qi-blood-essence criteria(氣血津液辨證)' and 'eight-doctrine criteria(八鋼辨證) are commonly used. Conclusions : Our findings show that each PI on psoriasis in TCM has different characteristics related to dermal and general symptoms or signs. Further studies are needed to develop the diagnostic tool of PI on psoriasis reflecting on clinical practices in Korean Medicine by referring to the findings of this study about PI on psoriasis in TCM.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2012

Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out whether if there is correlation between the pattern differentiation questionnaire and edema index of body composition analysis. Methods The authors obtained results of pattern differentiation Questionnaires and body composition analysis tests from 195 female patients who visited the Oriental gynecology department in Kyung Hee university Oriental medicine hospital at Gang-dong. The authors conducted correlation analysis between indicators of Body composition analysis and each part of the pattern differentiation Questionnaire. Pearson correlation analysis was performed on SPSS version 13.0 for windows. Results There was negative correlation between the Phlegm Questionnaire and right arm ECF, left arm ECF, and left arm ECW of the Body composition index. There was no correlation between Yin-deficiency Questionnaire and Body composition index. There was no correlation between Heat pattern Questionnaire and Body composition index. There was positive correlation between the Cold pattern Questionnaire and right leg ECF, and right leg ECW of the body composition index. There was no correlation between degree of edema self-awareness and Body composition index. Conclusions The result showed that each Questionnaire score has different correlation or even no correlation with Body composition index and degree of edema self-awareness. Further studies are needed for a better understanding and interpretation of the relationship between edema index on Body composition analysis and Questionnaires.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.139-150
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• 2012

Objectives : The puropse of this study was to report the availability of Hyeongsang diagnosis compensating for visceral pattern identification in applying Sa-am acupuncture therapy. Methods : Eight cases was presented to substantiate the above. Results : According to the characteristic diagnostic method of Hyeongsang medicine by feature such as face, ears, eyes, nose and mouth shape, There are 8 pattern differentiations, including essence family, Qi family, spirit family, blood family, fish type, bird type, beast(running) type and crust(crustacea) type which are correlated with essence deficiency, heat harassing the heart spirit, Qi stagnation, blood stasis, kidney essence deficiency, intense heart fire, liver blood deficiency and lung Qi deficiency in the established visceral pattern identification, respectively. Eight patients was diagnosed by the above Hyeongsang 8 pattern differentiations, of whom Sinjeonggyeok(kidney reinforcing prescription) was applied to a patient with fish type and essence family to nourish kidney essence, and Giul prescription(Qi stagnation prescription) was given to a patient with Qi family for regulating Qi, and Sanghwa priscription(ministerial fire prescription) was delivered to a patient with Spirit family to clear the heart fire and tranquilize, and Sojangjeonggyeok(small intestine reinforcing prescription) was used for a patient with blood family to nourish blood and remove blood stasis, and Sinjeonggyeok(kidney reinforcing prescription), Simhangyeok(heart heat clearing prescription), Ganjeonggyeok(liver reinforcing prescription) and Pyejeonggyeok(lung reinforcing prescription) were utilized for fish type, bird type, beast(running) type and crust(crustacea) type respectively to reinforce the relevant visceral function. Conclusions : It was suggested that characteristic diagnostic method of Hyeongsang medicine should be helpful for enhancing the accuracy of the established visceral pattern identification, applying Sa-am acupuncture therapy more appropriately.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.67-80
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this survey is the development on the neck pain for acupuncture and moxibustion clinical guideline. Methods : The survey questionnaire was developed by the committee of experts who major in acupuncture & moxibustion or statistics for acupuncture clinical trial protocol development. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 75 members of Korean Acupuncture & moxibustion society. 57 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results and Conclusions : 1. The first selected pattern identification on the neck pain This study shows that the meridian pattern identification was selected 35 times(61.4%), the pattern identification based on cause of disease was selected 8 times(14.0%), the visceral pattern identification was selected 7 times(12.3%), the other pattern identification was selected 4 times(7.0%), Qi blood yin yang pattern identification was selected 2 times(3.5%), according to symptoms was selected 1 time(2.4%). 2. Meridian pattern identification Small intestine meridian of hand Taeyang was used 39 times(18.1%), Large intestine meridian of hand Yangmyeong and Bladder meridian of foot Taeyang was used 34 times(15.7%), Gall-bladder meridian of foot Soyang was 32 times(14.8%), Tripple energizer meridian of hand Soyang was used 31 times(14.4%), Governor meridian was used 30 times(13.9%), Lung meridian of hand Taeeum was used 8 times(3.7%), Heart meridian of hand Soeum and Pericarduim meridian of hand Gworeum was used 4 times(1.9%). 3. Pattern identification based on cause of disease Wind-Cold-Dampness was used 31 times(17.5%), Accumulation of the collateral by Phelgm-Dampness was used 16 times(14.0%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Cold(stiff neck, sprain of cervical) was used 13 times (11.4%), Defecient-Cold was used 10 times(8.8%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Dampness was used 9 times(7.9%), Deep Invasion by Wind-Cold was used 8 times(7.0%), Wind-Cold was used 7 times (6.1%), Wind-Cold was used 6 times(5.3%), Accumulation in the Center by Phelgm-Dampness, Imparement of bou fluid by Pathogenic Heat, Wind-Heat with Dampness was used 5 times(4.4%), affection by exopathogen Wind-Dampness and Accumulation of the collateral by Wind-Cold was used 4 times(3.5%), Invasion of Dampness-Heat was used 2 times(1.8%). 4. Visceral pattern identification Rising of the Liver yang was used 16 times(41%), Yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney+pathogens was used 15 times(38.5%), Yin deficiency of Liver and Kidney was used 8 times(20.5%) on this survey.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.46-65
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• 2013

Purpose: Generally menstrual disorder caused by functional deficiency of ovary is not treated clinically because it manifests as normal process of growth. In this study we collected experimental group having several or severe menstrual disorder and we tried to find out whether there is any relationship between menstrual disorders and the function of Thoroughfare and Conception vessels or not. Methods: First, this study was researched to learn the meaning and the symptoms of 'the emaciation of Thoroughfare and Conception vessels', and to learn the relationship between menstrual disorders and 'the emaciation of Thoroughfare and Conception vessels' through literature review. And we set up a experimental group who have two or more menstrual disorders or severe degree of menstrual disorders(N=97) and control group who don't have menstrual disorders(N=97) as a result of the menstruation survey. Afterwards we conducted the DSOM in both experimental group and control group. Results and Conclusions: The meaning of 'the emaciation of Thoroughfare and Conception vessels' is deficiency of qi and blood from the Thoroughfare and Conception vessels. As a result, the female reproductive system is difficult to be worked properly with deficiency of skin, muscles, bone, and vessels. Symptoms of the emaciation of Thoroughfare and Conception vessels are classified into drying, skinny body, feeling of cold, menstrual disorders, pain and personality traits. In this study, severity of drying, skinny body, feeling of cold, menstrual disorders, pain and personality traits is significantly higher in experimental group than in control group. Like this, symptoms of 'the emaciation of Thoroughfare and Conception vessels' appear with menstrual disorders because disorder of circulation is occurred by qi and blood deficiency of Thoroughfare and Conception vessels. It is appropriate to identify this case as 'the emaciation of Thoroughfare and Conception vessels' pattern and necessary to treat actively through regulating qi and blood in advance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2015

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is the most common mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder which is inherited as an autosomal recessive pattern. MCAD deficiency is caused by mutations in the ACADM gene; medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene (ACADM; OMIM 607008) on chromosome 1p31 which encodes MCAD, the mitochondrial enzyme which catalyzes the first reaction in beta-oxidation of fatty acids with medium-chain length. Here, we describe one Korean pediatric case of MCAD deficiency, which was diagnosed during newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry and confirmed by molecular analysis. The level of hexanoyl (C6), octanoyl (C8), decenoyl (C10:1) carnitine, and C8/C2 ratio was elevated. Homogenous c.1189T>A (p.Tyr397Asn) mutation of ACADM gene was identified by direct sequencing. He has been asymptomatic and has shown normal growth and development by 25 months of age without any intervention. There was no episode of metabolic acidosis during follow-up period.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1581-1585
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• 2007

To report Sensitivity and specificity about utility as diagnosis criteria for deficiency of Qi in stroke. Korean medicine doctor surveyed deficiency of Qi of the symptoms for the Stroke case report form in stroke patients within 1 month of onset. We analyzed 643 patients have diagnosed stroke, neurological deficit continued over twenty-four hours and within one month of onset, except traumatic cerebrovascular attack (EDH, SDH) using the result by medical specialist and residents diagnosed differentiation and written CRF(Case Report Forms) which based on 'Korean Standard Differentiation of the Symptoms and Signs II' in twenty multi centers. The sensitivity of "more 1/5 in major sings and 1/5 in helpful signs", "more 1/5 in major signs and 2/5 in helpful signs", "more 2/5 in major signs and 1/5 in helpful signs", "more 2/5 in major signs and 2/5 in helpful signs""more 3/5 in major signs and 1/5 in helpful signs""more 3/5 in major signs and 2/5 in helpful signs" are respectively 83%, 50%, 72%, 46%, 47%, 32%. The specificity are respectively 28%, 59%, 55%, 74%, 80%, 89%. The sensitivity(72%) and specificity(55%) of "more 2/5 in major signs and 1/5 in helpful signs" that to be implanted. Although this values are not high, after values of sensitivity and specificity should be more than current value, and then we should be able to suggest as objective diagnosing criteria.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.467-477
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the cutaneous electrogastrogram (EGG) and other clinical characteristics of dyspeptic patients who have been diagnosed with Stomach Qi Deficiency (SQD) using the Scale for Stomach Qi Deficiency (SSQD). Methods: This study reviewed the clinical records of 38 patients with dyspepsia who were evaluated with SSQD and EGG at the Department of Digestive Diseases of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital in Seoul, Korea from November 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020. We evaluated the EGG and other clinical characteristics of the SQD patients to determine if there was an association between the SSQD scores and the EGG. Results: In terms of the EGG, the SQD patients showed no significant increase in the percentage of normal slow wave after a meal and a slightly decreased power ratio at Channel 1 and Channel 2. We also found an association between the SSQD scores and the EGG parameters at Channel 1 and Channel 3. The average Ryodoraku score of the patients was 33.00±14.90 (μA). In the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) test, the average Total Power (TP) and Low Frequency/High Frequency (LF/HF)) ratio was 1356.60±13 6.41(ms²) and 1.68±2.25, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that clinicians can use Electrogastrography to enhance accuracy when diagnosing the SQD pattern.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument on pattern identification for insomnia (PIT-Insomnia) and verify the correlation between PIT-Insomnia and psychological tests. Methods: Two evaluators examined the pattern identification of the participants who met insomnia disorder diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and took the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score over 15 once manually and twice using the PIT-Insomnia to measure the inter-rater and test-retest reliability. We also conducted the following surveys: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Korean version of Beck's depression inventory (K-BDI), the Korean version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-K), the Korean Symptom checklist-95 (KSCL-95), and the EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D), to measure concurrent validity and correlation between the PTI-Insomnia and psychological tests. Results: 1. The test-retest reliability analysis of the pattern identification results showed moderate agreement, and test-retest reliability analysis of each pattern identification score showed agreements from poor to moderate. 2. The inter-rater reliability analysis of the pattern identification results via manual showed slight agreement, when analysis was performed with calibration, the inter-rater reliability analysis of the pattern identification results via manual showed fair agreement. 3. The concordance analysis between results via manual and the PIT-Insomnia showed poor agreement, when the analysis was performed with calibration, concordance analysis showed fair agreement. 4. The concordance analysis between the PIT-Insomnia and the PSQI showed positive linear correlation. 5. The concordance analysis between the PIT-Insomnia and the PSQI, K-BDI, STAI-K, KSCL-95, and EQ-5D showed that non-interaction between the heart and kidney have positive linear correlation with the K-BDI, anxiety item of KSCL-95, dual deficiency of the heart-spleen have positive linear correlation with somatization item of KSCL-95, paranoia item of KSCL-95, heart deficiency with timidity have positive linear correlation with stress vulnerability item of KSCL-95, parania item of KSCL-95, phlegm-fire harassing the heart have positive linear correlation with K-BDI, paranoia item of KSCL-95, depressed liver qi transforming into fire have positive linear correlation with the anxiety item of KSCL-95, parania item of KSCL-95, all pattern identification have negative linear correlation with EQ-5D. Conclusions: The PIT-Insomnia has moderate agreement of reliability and reflects the severity of insomnia since it has some concurrent validity with the PSQI. There are some correlations between the PTI-Insomnia with specific psychological tests, so we could suggest it can be used appropriately in the clinical situation.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.21-36
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• 2021

Objectives We aimed to understand etiology, pattern differentiation, treatment principle, and the role of selected herbs in the treatment of Korean herbal medicine for allergic conjunctivitis (AC) in children. Methods We searched relevant literature published up to February 20, 2021 through CNKI, using search formula of (SU= '結膜炎'+'conjunctivitis') AND (SU='儿童'+'小儿'+'少儿'+'幼年') AND (SU='治療'+'中医治療'+'中藥'+'中医藥'+'顆粒'+'胶囊'+'自擬'+'湯'+'丸'+'散'+'方'). Results Among 81 searched studies, 9 randomized controlled trials and 1 case report were selected and analyzed. In all studies included, the efficacy of herbal treatment for AC was confirmed, and there was no evidence that herbal medicine treatment has higher risk of developing side effects compared to conventional eye drop treatment. As an etiology, wind (風邪) was observed the most frequently, and Saposhnikoviae Radix (防風) and Schizonepetae Spica (荊芥) were in frequent use to dispel wind (祛風). As visceral pattern identification, spleen (脾) and lung (肺) were two important keywords, and spleen deficiency (脾虛), dampness-heat in the spleen and stomach (脾胃濕熱), lung qi deficiency (肺氣虛) were main pathologic mechanisms. Else, treatments related to liver (肝) and removing dampness-heat (濕熱) were mentioned next. Conclusions This study is significant in that AC in children, which has a lack of research compared to other allergic diseases, has been studied in the contents of Korean medicine and laid foundation that can be used as basic data in the actual clinical field. Based on this study, it is hoped that clinical data of Korean herbal medicine treatment for childhood AC will be further accumulated.