• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.488-499
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• 1996

Diabetes mellitus revealed a chronic disorder of lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism characterized by insulin deficiency, and a striking tendency toward development of atherosclerosis, microangiopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and recently cardiomyopathy etc. The mechanism of heart failure in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy is not clear but diabetic cardiomyopathy usually occurs in persons with long standing diabetes. After diabetes induced in made Sprague- Dawley strain rats by injection of streptozotocin(60mg/kg), cardiac tissue with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome stain was examined at 3 days, 1, 2, 4, 6 weeks later under light microscope. The results were obtained as follows : 1. In H&E stain of control group, myocardiac cells were shorter than skeletal muscle cell, which was branched out and connected each other at terminal with striation, intercalated disk and nucleus at center of cell. 2. In MT stain of control group, a few of collagen fibrile were seen at periva scular interstium, but wasn't seen between skeletal muscle fiber, and cardiac muscle was seen in various size. 3. In MT stain of experimental group, increased collagen fiber deposition at perivascular interstiums were seen periodically. 4. In MT stain of experimental group, increased collagen fiber deposition at interstitial matrix between perimyocardiac cells were seen at 3 day, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after DM induction. 5. In H&E stain of experimental group, partial degeneration of myocardiac cells was seen after 4 weeks of DM induction. From above results, streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus increased collagen around perivascular and between intercellular matrix in heart.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.23-38
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• 2012

Objective : Ankylosing Spodylitis(AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is notorious for its difficulty to cure. This study aims to interpret the mechanism of AS in the Traditional Korean Medical(TKM) perspective, and to understand the role of the spine. Method : Clinical manifestations of AS, epidemiological data and clinical cases were interpreted by traditional methodology. Result : The young age group of patients suffering from this condition suggests that the cause of this condition is not solely linked to deficiency of the Kidney[腎], which is a general cause for bone disease. Its symptoms are linked to obstruction in the upper body, which results in disturbance of Jeong(精) collection in the lower body. Based on other accompanying symptoms, together with its character as an autoimmune disease, a strong link to the spirit of the heart[心神] can be suggested. Conclusion : AS is closely linked not only to essence of kidney[腎陰], but to the spirit of the heart[心神] as well. From the TKM analysis of the spine, we can understand it as the basic pathway for the fundamental Gi(氣) circulation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.88-97
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• 2012

DSOM(Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine), questionnaire for oriental medical(medicine) diagnosis is an online survey system containing 152 questions for female, 149 questions for male that asking the basic symtoms of 16 pathogenic factors(病機). The result of DSOM denotes reliability according to the level of major symptoms of each pathogenic factor. Standard level of reliability is equal to all 16 pathogenic factor basically except phlegm(痰). In case of phlegm(痰) we give different weight depending on whether the factor includes gray color under the orbit(痰飮氣) or not. To examine reliability of DSOM, statistical analysis has been done to the data of felmale 10101, male 1564 except for bad responses and stored between 1st April 2000 to 3rd June 2011. Based on the study, the conclusions were as follows. Reliability of DSOM. For female, all pathogenic factors showed over 85% confidence level except for phlegm 82.6%. For male, all pathogenic factors showed more than 90% confidence level except two factors, phlegm(痰) indicates 87.% and damp(濕) indicates 89.8%. HH rates among pathogenic factors were more than 50 points. For female, HH rates of other 14 pathogenic factors were all over 80% except for heat(熱) 78.2% and insufficiency of Yang(陽虛) 75.3%. For male HH rates of all pathogenic factors were more than 80% except HH rates of heat 78.2% and damp 77.8%. Research based on a degree of satisfaction of reliability derived from pathogenic factors with scores of HH results in for all 16 pathogenic factors showed over 85% of relatively high level of satisfaction for both sexes whose reliability standard come under 5~4 points. Comparing appearance frequency of pathogenic factors for both sexes. Male only displays higer than female in heat(熱). Whereas female were higher than male for other 15 pathogenic factors and the difference was biggest in heart(心) and least in insufficiency of Yin(陰虛). Comparing appearance frequency order of pathogenic factors for both sexes. Female outdistanced male in blood stasis(血瘀) coldness(寒) blood-deficiency(血虛) phlegm(痰), while male outdistance female in heat(熱) insufficiency of Yin(陰虛) deficiency of qi(氣虛). Male had lower average of each pathogenic factors than female except heat(熱) as well as deficiency of qi(氣虛).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.29-44
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to examine the efficacy of Gamisoyosan on anxiety of generalized anxiety disorder according to dosage form. Methods : In this randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled study, we planned to give Gamisoyosan simple extract mixture or Gamisoyosan compound extract or controlled medication for major symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. As preparatory research, Hamilton rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A) was measured as the 1st evaluative instrument, and Korean State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-K), Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ) Korean Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-K), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised(SCL-90R), WHO Quality of Life Abbreviated(WHOQOL-BREF) and Heart Rate Variability(HRV) were also measured as the 2nd evaluative instrument at the before treatment. Results : Demographic characteristics showed that there are Clinical characteristics-vital signs are within the normal range. The characteristics of disease-chief complaint, pattern Identification and etiological factor of the highest frequency number were worry, heart deficiency with timidity(心膽虛怯), family matters. The average period of disease in subjects is 6.31years. The results of Chest PA, EKG and clinicopathologic examination are within the reference range. The Scores of HAM-A, STAI-K, PSWQ were measured above the cutoff point. There are significant positive correlations among HAM-A, STAI-K, BDI-K and among HAM-A, STAI-K, PSWQ. There are no significant correlations between PSWQ and BDI-K. Conclusions : We considered that selection of subjects in this research is appropriately accomplished And this methodology is expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to make up for this study through various study and discussion.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.179-187
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• 2014

Objectives : Saam acupuncture initiated by Saamdoin is traditional and originative method, which is characterized by applying the five phases theory and mother-child reinforcement-reduction principle to the selection of acupoints and needling manipulation. Our study was aimed to summarize and assess the use of acupoint SP3(Taebaek) in Saam acupuncture treatment and to further understand Saam acupuncture in an aspect of the combination of acupoints. Methods : We searched the data based on "(Do Hae Kyo Kam) Sa-Ahm's acupuncture method" for SP3 used and acupoint combination including SP3. We performed frequency analysis, network analysis, and cluster analysis for quantitative aspect. To understand clinical implication of SP3 with another acupoint, qualitative and descriptive methods were also carried out. Results and Conclusions : In our study, SP3 was frequently used for tonification of lung, spleen, heart, and kidney meridian and sedation of kidney, heart, and lung meridian. For this, many acupoints such as LU8, LU9, KI3, HT8, KI7, LU10 and LR1 were used with SP3. The combination of SP3 and other acupoints were used to treat stroke, common cold, and pain conditions including headache, low back pain, respiratory disease as well as gastroenteric troubles including stomachache, indigestion, vomiting, and constipation. To further understand Saam acupuncture, an understanding of the five transport points based on five elements characters, pathological changes (deficiency and excess) of viscera and bowels, and concept of source point should be preceded.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2002

Taurine, amino acid, chemically known as 2-amino ethane sulphonic acid was discovered more than two hundred years ago from ox bile. it is widely distributed in both mammals and nonmammals. It is found in considerably high amount in hUl11an: a normal adult of 70 kgs contains about 70 grams of taurine. Taurine with this much concentration, is involved in almost all life processes. Its deficiency causes several abnormalities in major organs like brain, eye and heart. Taurine-bone interaction is latest addition to its long list of actions. In bone cells, taurine is also found in high concentration. Taurine is found to help in enhancing the bone tissue formation which is evidenced by increased matrix formation and collagen synthesis. Besides stimulating the bone tissue formation, it also inhibits the bone loss through inhibiting the bone resorption and osteoclast formation. Thus, taurine acts as a double agent. In addition to these two major actions of taurine in bone, it also has beneficial effect in wound healing mld bone repair. Taurine possess radioprotective properties, too. As it is a naturally available molecule, it can be used as a preventive agent. Taurine has a potential to replace bisphosphonates which are currently in use for the inhibition of bone loss but this needs in depth study. As taurine is involved in bone formation and inhibition of bone loss, a detailed study can make it a single marker of bone metabolism. All these taurine-bone interaction is a symbol of their deep involvement but still require further extension to make taurine as a choice for tile sound bone health.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Objective : "Dochangbup" is one of the therapies that remove pathogenic qi[邪氣] from the Emetic Method in the Miscellaneous Disorders part of Dongeuibogam東醫寶鑑. It is, in particular, the method of treatment that removes phlegm[痰], the cause of various disorders. Method : Application of "Dochangbup" had a long history in Korea as well. The meaning and application of "Dochangbup" are mentioned in various texts from early Chosun dynasty to the post liberation. Result : In China, there are a lot of medical texts by physicians throughout Ming and Qing Dynasty, with GeZhiYuLun格致餘論 at the top of the list, dealing with the meaning and applicable scope of "Dochang" method and pharmacy of "Hacheongo霞天膏". Most of the physicians are affiliated with Dan Xi School, regarding ZhudanXi朱丹溪 as a suzerain. In "Dongeuibogam", it is mentioned that "Dochangbup" can treat various disorders caused by phlegm. Though, when there is a possibility of harming original qi[元氣] during the treatment or grave deficiency in patients, it is requested to consider tonifying while purging. Conclusion : "Dochangbup" can be applied not only to the disorders mentioned in classical medical texts, like heart pain[心痛], leg disease[脚氣], urine turbidity[小便濁], involuntary discharge of semen[遺精], cough[咳嗽], blood spitting[喀血], but also to metabolic syndrome such as obesity, hypertention and diabetes, commonly found in the modern era.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2003

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, $^{+}NH_3CH_2CH_2{SO_3}^{-}$) is endogenous $\beta$-amino acid which is essential in fetal nutrition and development and is present in abundant quantities in several tissues of fetus. In utero, taurine deficiency causes abnormal development and abnormal function of brain, retina, kidney and myocardium. Thus, transfer of taurine into fetus is important during embryonic development. Taurine transporter (TauT) has 12 hydrophobic membrane -spanning domains, which is typical of the $Na^{+}$- and $Cl^{-}$-dependent transporter gene family. Among the various biosynthetic enzymes of taurine, cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD) is the rate-limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of taurine. However, the enzyme activities of taurine biosynthesis are limited in early stage of embryonic development. To analyze the expression period of TauT and CSD during embryonic development, we have investigated the gene expression of TauT and CSD using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in mouse and chicken embryos. RT-PCR anaylsis revealed that both TauT and CSD mRNAs were already expressed at Day-4.5 in mouse embryo. In chicken whole embryo, TauT and CSD mRNAs began to appear on developing times of 48 hrs and 12 hrs, respectively. TauT mRNA was detected in the organs of heart, brain and eye of the day-3 chicken embryo. Our data show that TauT and CSD mRNAs were expressed in early stage of embryonic development.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

Objectives : Assuming That the Characteristic of Meridian System Has Been Similar to This of Electric Potentials in Human Body and That Measurements of Electric Potential at Well and Sea Points in Branches of the Twelve Meridians Will Be Representative of Measurements of the Twelve Meridians, to Measure the Electric Potentials in Healthy Volunteers(HG), Patients Diagnosed As a Cerebral Infarction(CG), a Arrhythmia(AG), a Other Intervertebral Disc Disorder(IG), and a Joint Disorder(JG), and Then to Find Out the Characteristic of Biophysical Meridian System, Finally to Compare with the Results of the Electric Potential in Those Groups. Methods : We Selected Who HG Were Diagnosed by a Blood Test, Urine Examination and Differentiation of Syndromes by Five Viscera among Volunteers, CG by CT and Wind-Syndrome Caused by Hyperactivity of the Liver-Yang, AG by EKG, CT, and Deficiency or the Heart Blood, IG by X-ray or CT and Pain in Waist, and JG by X-ray and Knee Pain. Their Electric Potential of Well and Sea Points in the Meridians Were Measured by hysiograph. Results and Conclusions : Measurements Were Analyzed by Factor Analysis, Analysis of Variance, and Logistic Regression Model, We Obtained That Most of the Results, In Conclusion, Hold Good for the Classical Meridian Doctrine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1307-1314
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• 1998

Chrominum (cr) plays an important role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism , and Cr deficiency impairs glucose tolerance and increases serum cholestero and triglyceride. The relationship of serum Cr with serum blucose and lipids was examined in 79 female college students in Choong-Nam areas. Subjects were divided into underweight , normal , and overweight groups according to their BMI. The average age, wiegth , height and BMI were 21.9yr, 55.9kg, 158.5cm and 22.6kg/$m^2$, respectively. Heights were not different between groups. Serum Cr and glucose concentrations werenot significantly different between groups. However, there was a tendency toward lowered serum Cr levels in under and over-weight groups. Serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significant lower in the underweight group than in other groups. BMI had positive correlation with LDL-cholesterol , AI and LPH , and negative corelations with HDL -cholesterol /total cholesterol ratio. Low serum Cr concentration was related to increased LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol, and related to decreased HDL cholesterol in all groups . Therfore, serum Cr levels were lowered in abnormal weight groups and Cr may playan important role in coronrary heart diesease.