• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1089-1101
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• 2006

Following conclusions are drawn from study about Yukmigiwhangwon through referring to literatures and reviewing in the point of Hyungsang medicine. Yukmigiwhangwon was prescribed by Jeon Eul in order to cure five kinds of flaccidity of infants, but after since then it has been basically applied to symptoms which was caused by deficiency of the kidney not only infants but also adult. The deficiency of kidney is the lack of vital essence and body fluid stored in kidney, it happens because infants are born in the conditions of lack of receiving in the womb. And it happens because adults infringe the rules of life, especially the sexual life. Main symptoms of the poverty of renal functions are emptiness of the brain marrow, dizziness, forgetfulness, tinnitus, deafness, vertigo and dim eyesight, insomnia, the low back and knees aching and limping, heat on the legs, tibia aching, nocturnal emission, dry mouth, reddened tongue and little coating or non coating of the 'tongue, weak blood meridians. the treating method is nourishing Eum and supplementing kidney. In Dongeuibogam Yukmigiwhangwon is mentioned in the parts of vital essence, blood, voice, kidney, urine, eye, ear, the low back, hair, fire, exhaustion syndrome, cough, polydipsia, infant, etc. The shapes which Yukmigiwhangwon is applied to are the Dam Body Doing deficiency of Eum due to excess of Yang, man, infant, Jung type, Fish group, reverse triangular shape, big headed man, big eared man, big mouthed man, man having prominent cheekbones, man having long waist, man having big hips, man with thick hair or white hair, man with bald on the head, etc. In color it is applied to darkish complexion, flushed tip of the nose, or flushed cheek bones. Through inquiring into the clinical cases on the points of Hyungsang medicine Yukmigiwhangwon is efficacious cure to lumbago, symptoms of tendons and bones, symptoms of eyes and ears, symptoms of respiratory organs, dermatopathia, headache, polydipsia, urinary disorders, etc.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.79-107
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aims to improve the diagnosis and treatment of contemporary insomnia by examining Zhang Jiebin's discussion on treating insomnia. Methods : The classical texts from the 'Insomnia' chapter of the Jingyue Quanshu were examined threefold in terms of symptom, treatment, and prescription analysis, after which the treatment discussion part was examined within the historical context of discussions on insomnia in major medical texts starting from the Huangdineijing. Results : According to Zhang, the cause of insomnia could be divided into two, after which criteria for diagnosis and treatment were set as excess pathogen and vital qi deficiency. He argued that insomnia could be naturally resolved through improvement of various pathogenic situations. Discussions on insomnia from various medical texts since the Huangdineijing suggest that pathology related to psychological function and emotions gradually increased and expanded over time. Conclusions : Zhang's discussion on symptom, treatment and prescriptions of insomnia suggests a new framework that could improve treatment effects through a Korean Medical Mind-Body approach, rather than the contemporary classification of organic insomnia and non-organic insomnia.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.43-54
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• 2020

Objectives : The goal of this study is developing standardized pattern identification of dizziness using delphi method. Methods : The pattern identification of dizziness which derived through literature review is studied by delphi method. A group of 9 experts of korean medicine participated in Delphi examination. Experts carried out evaluating and correcting the pattern identification and symptoms by e-mail. Results : Through 3 delphi examinations, final standardized pattern identification of dizziness was suggested. It consisted of 2 items of excess syndrome, 2 items of excess-deficiency combination syndrome, and 3 items of deficiency syndrome. Conclusions : By the delphi examinations among experts, a standardized pattern identification of dizziness was suggested. These pattern identification will contribute to research and treatment of korean medicine. Further study is necessary for modification of pattern identification by practical clinical use.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.187-200
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• 2005

1. The causes of Tong Bi(痛痺) are divided into external cause(wind, cold, dampness) and internal cause(deficiency yang-excess yin, excess cold). but mostly two causes are combined. 2. Chronic Tong Bi can be turn into bone, kidney, zang organs disease and Hak Sul Pung(鶴膝風). 3. The symptoms are severe arthralgia, limit of ROM, localized coldness and edema, white coated tonge fur, wiry and knotted pulse. 4. The principles of medicinal treatment are mainly eliminating the cold and inducing the wind, removing the dampness. 5. The principle of acupucture and moxibustion treatment is mainly eliminating the cold(iron skin treatment, moxibustion, warming acupucture).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.115-125
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• 2006

Objectives & methods : This study aimed to investigate and compare the traditional acupuncture treatment and Sa-am acupuncture treatment of stroke. We investigated ${\ll}$Sa-am chimgujeongjeon(舍岩鍼灸正傳)${\gg}$ for Sa-am acupuncture treatment, and ${\ll}$Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑)${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$Chimgudaesung (鍼灸大成)${\gg}$ for traditional acupuncture treatment. Results & Conclusion : 1. In the traditional acupuncture treatment, acupoints on CV, GV, GB, LI, ST meridians to remove pathogens such as fire, damp, phlegm, blood stagnation and Ashi points (nearby points) are often used rather than acupoints according to the diagnosis of excess & deficiency in organs and meridians. 2. In ${\ll}$Sa-am chimgujungjeon(舍岩鍼灸正傳)${\gg}$, symptoms of stroke are classified into 21 and each symptoms are analyzed according to the diagnosis of excess & deficiency of organs and meridians, consequently treated using tonification & sedation of corresponding meridians. 3. For the treatment of stroke in ${\ll}$Sa-am chimgujungjeon(舍岩鍼灸正傳)${\gg}$, tonification & sedation of the acupoints on related meridian is often omitted, using only the acupoints on targeted meridian. 4. In ${\ll}$Sa-am chimgujungjeon(舍岩鍼灸正傳)${\gg}$, empirical points are preferably used for the treatment of stroke.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.590-595
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• 2005

The following conclusions are produced by the consideration of Bojungikki-tang(補中益氣湯) from the view point of Hyungsang medicine. A review on the explanation and provisions of Bojungikki-tang stipulated in 'Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)' results in the idea that the main purpose of Dongwon(東垣) and various application in clinic by Jeesan(芝山) cannot be understood without the deep comprehension of ki(especially Jungki and Wonki) and the fire. Jungki(中氣, the middle warmer ki) is the ki of stomach. Wonki(元氣, the original ki) is a combination of innate Jung(先天之精, Ki stored between the two kidneys) and acquired Jung(後天之精, Ki of the stomach) and the sources of five Jang and six Bu, twelve meridians and triple warmer. Yin fire is referred to the ministerial fire of spleen, liver and kidney. Excess or lack of the ministerial fire can cause a disease and especially the excess of it is harmful to original ki. Deficiency of original ki is thought to be a cause of allergic diseases. Damages on the original ki by the abdominal surgery lead to a disease. Pale complexion, long face and the long limbs are considered as the Hyungsang of deficiency of Jung ki by Jeesan. Clinical cases of Bojungikki-tang in Hyungsang medicine draw the following conclusions ; Bojungikki-tang is usually prescribed to the person who has one of the following Hyungsang : Bangkwang type, pale complexion, long face, short-sight, astigmatism and wrinkles on face. Bojungikki-tang can be applied to the every disease caused by the deficiency of original ki regardless of name and symptoms of disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.793-798
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• 2006

Vertigo is one of the subjective symptoms which appears commonly in so many diseases that it is often neglected. But it needs active medical care because it can be a forewarning of serious illness like cerebral apoplexy. This thesis makes a study of vertigo in view of Hyungsang medicine. The followings are the conclusion drawn in diagnosis and treatment of Vertigo: Excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower part(上實下虛) is a main cause of male vertigo. Deficiency in the upper and excess in the lower part(下虛上實) is a general cause of female vertigo. Vertigo is also caused by the insufficiency of the kidney water(腎水) or reservoir of marrow(髓海). persons of Jung pe(精科) with large check bones , those of Fish type(魚類) with Dig mouth and thick lips ; and those with large heads are mainly attacked by this cause. A fleshy person's vertigo comes from the deficiency of Ki and damp phlegm(氣虛濕症) so it is cured by reinforcing Ki, removing dampness and dispelling phlegm. A slim person's vertigo comes from the deficiency of blood and dryness heat(血虛有火) so it is treated by tonifying the blood, cleaning heat away the heat. In case of womanly shaped male and manly shaped female, the vertigo is due to the phlegm fire. Wind-heat(風熱) can cause vertigo generally 施 the persons of following types : wind type(風人), running animal type(走類),bird type(烏類), and Yangmyung meridian type (陽明形). Vertigo also comes from consumption. The deficiency of Ki can be a cause of vertigo in case of male; persons with pale complexion; and those with pronounced noses. The deficiency of blood can be a reason of vertigo in the persons of Hyul type(血科) and those with pale eyelids and lips. The hypofunction of the splean and stomach brings on the deficiency of Ki and blood, which can give rise to the vertigo for those with large nose and mouth. The old people's vertigo comes from the hypofunction of Ki, blood, Yin and Yang.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.527-546
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between gastric emptying measured by ultrasonography and Korean medical instruments of diagnosis and assessment in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. Among the subgroups of FD, postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) is related to gastric motility disorder.Methods Ten patients with FD and particularly with PDS as well as 10 healthy controls were enrolled in the study from September to November 2015. The gastric emptying shown as the half-life of gastric volume (T_1/2) was measured by ultrasonography. The severities of spleen qi deficiency and dyspepsia symptoms were assessed by a spleen qi deficiency questionnaire (SQDQ) and the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Korean version (NDI-K), respectively. In addition, a food retention questionnaire (FRQ), a damum questionnaire (DQ), a cold and heat questionnaire (CHQ), a deficiency and excess questionnaire (DEQ), and a visual analogue scale (VAS) of distention and fullness were completed by every participant.Results In comparison with the control group, the FD group showed significantly higher scores for the SQDQ, NDI-K, FRQ, DQ, DEQ, and VAS of distention and fullness. T_1/2 was also significantly higher in the FD group than in the control group. There were significant correlations between T_1/2 and the SQDQ score. However, there were no significant correlations between T1/2 and other questionnaire scores except for one item of the NDI-K.Conclusions According to these findings, it was determined that measuring gastric emptying using ultrasonography could be a quantitative indicator to diagnose spleen qi deficiency in FD patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1030-1051
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• 2020

Objective: This study investigated the measurement interval in the ultrasonographic gastric emptying test for patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and the correlation between gastric emptying and the findings of various questionnaires. Methods: In total, 119 patients (59 patients with FD and 60 healthy controls) were recruited from July 2018 to June 2020. Gastric volume (GV) and gastric emptying half-time (T1/2) were measured by ultrasonography at fasting and again at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after meals (apple juice, 500 mL, 224 kcal), and the average half-time (average T1/2) was calculated. Questionnaires on food retention (FRQ), phlegm pattern e (PPQ), cold and heat (CHQ), deficiency and excess (DEQ), and spleen-qi deficiency (SQDQ), stomach qi deficiency pattern (SSDQ), visual analogue scale (VAS), and Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K) were completed by all participants. The differences in GV and T1/2 were analyzed in participants whose maximal GV occurred at 0 min versus after 0 min. The correlation of the average T1/2 with the questionnaire scores was also analyzed after excluding erroneous data. Results: Patients with FD who took a certain amount of time to reach maximal GV after meals had a greater gastric volume up to about 30 minutes after meals, and the PPQ, DEQ, and NDI-K scores, especially for upper gastrointestinal symptoms and general weakness-related symptoms, showed statistically significant correlations with average T1/2. Conclusions: Ultrasonography can be a quantitative evaluation tool for FD. However, further studies on measurement methods based on FD physiopathology are required.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.570-591
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• 2018

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between gastric emptying measurement by ultrasonography and the findings of various questionnaires of functional dyspepsia (FD) or in Korean medicine to explore the possibility of quantification of questionnaires. Methods: Eighty-eight patients (44 patients with FD and 44 healthy controls) were recruited from October 2016 to November 2017. Gastric emptying half-time (T1/2) was measured by ultrasonography at fasting, and at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after meals (apple juice, 500 ml, 224 kcal). The average half-time (average T1/2) was calculated by averaging all measured half-times. A visual analogue scale (VAS), food retention questionnaire (FRQ), damum questionnaire (DQ), cold and heat questionnaire (CHQ), deficiency and excess questionnaire (DEQ), spleen-qi deficiency questionnaire (SQDQ), Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K), and quality of life of NDI (NDI-QoL) were filled out by all participants. Correlation between the average T1/2 and questionnaires were analyzed for 79 patients (37 patients with FD and 42 healthy controls) after excluding missing and erroneous data. Results: The FRQ, DEQ, SQDQ, NDI-K, and NDI-QoL scores, especially for some gastrointestinal symptoms and general weakness-related symptoms, showed statistically significant correlations with average T1/2. Conclusions: Our results suggest that gastric emptying measurement by ultrasonography may be a quantitative substitute method for some Korean medical questionnaires or for some dyspepsia-related and deficiency-related items among them. However, further studies using various measurements of gastric emptying will be needed.