• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1993

육류중에 잔류하는 항생물질 및 항균제를 검출하기 위해 본 실험에서는 3종의 균주 Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, BAcillus cereus var. mycoides ATCC 11778을 사용하여 실험하였다. 시료의 clean-up은 항생·항균제의 물리화학적 성질을 고려하여 우선 McIlvaine buffer를 가하여 homogenize하고 hexane으로 defatting 시킨 후, chloroform으로 추출한 액과 Sep-Pak C18과 Bakerbond SPE carboxylic acid column에 흡착시킨 후 추출한 액을 각각 시험용액 A, B, C,로 하였다. 각 test solution을 paper disk를 사용하여 함균 배지에 올려놓고 overnight culture 후 inhibition pattern을 통해 여러 종류의 항생·항균제를 계통적으로 검출하였다. 본 실험에서 macrolide계와 tetracycline계 등은 0.1ppm 이하의 detection limit을 보였으며, penicillinrP는 0.001ppm이하의 높은 detection limit을 나타내므로서 시료중에 잔류하는 극미량까지도 검출할 수 있었다. 본 방법은 식육중의 잔류 항생·항균제를 동시에 간단하게 계통적으로 분류하는데 있어 좋은 방법이라고 생각되며 항생·항균제의 체계적인 1차 screening 수단으로서 유용한 방법이라 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.299-301
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• 2004

A simple procedure for the extraction of the lipolytic enzyme from rice bran has been developed. High activity of lipolytic enzyme was obtained by first defatting the rice bran to remove lipid components with various extraction conditions. Then, after five cycles of aqueous extraction, rice bran lipolytic enzyme was purified using micro- and ultrafiltration apparatus. Lipolytic enzyme activity was estimated by its hydrolytic action of tributyrin. The result indicated that the standard activity curve of butyric acid showed that the potential rice bran enzyme is a hydrolytic lipase enzyme. In addition, it showed higher lipolytic activity and specific enzyme activity with further purification by micro- and ultrafiltration.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2019

Conventional extraction of oil and azadirachtin, a botanical insecticide, from Azadirachta indica involves defatting the seeds and leaves using hexane followed by azadirachtin extraction with a polar solvent. In order to simplify the process while maintaining the yield we explored a binary extraction approach using Soxhlet extraction device and hexane and ethanol as non-polar and polar solvents at various ratios and extraction times. The highest oil and azadirachtin yields were obtained at 6 h extraction time using a 50:50 solvent mixture for both neem leaves (44.7 wt%, $720mg_{Aza}/kg_{leaves}$) and seeds (53.5 wt%, $1045mg_{Aza}/kg_{leaves}$), respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 1993

In an attempt to quantitate and qualitate residual antibiotics and antibacterial agents n meat simultaneously, we studied a gas chromatogrphy-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. For a simultaneous analysis of macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin and tylosin in meat, the homogenization with MeOH, defatting with n-hexane, extraction with CHCl3, elution with CHCl3 : MeOH=2:1 from Sep-Pak silica cartridge, acid gydrolysis, back extraction with CHCl3, and quantitation by selected ion monitoring(SIM) mode after trimethylsilyl derivatization were performed. The recoveries of erythromycin and tylosin (CV,%) at 10 ppm fortification level were 90.59(4.89) and 45.91(0.20) , and the detection limits of those were 0.02 and 2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g beef, respectively. From these results, the developed analytical method using GC/MS-SIM mode allows excellent detection and quantitation of residual macrolide antibiotics in meats, using complementary method with bio-assay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1293-1297
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• 1999

Effect of rice protein and lipid on rheological properties of gelatinized rice flour solutions(4%) with three rice varieties(Dongjin, Jinmi, Tamjin) known for varying taste of cooked rice was investigated with Haake viscometer. The rheological behaviors of all rice flour solutions were illustrated by Herschel Bulkley equation and exhibited pseudoplastic behavior with yield stress. When rice flour solutions treated with protease and dithiothreitol, there was decreased in flow behavior index value. Flow behavior index was decreased by dealbumin and deglutelin rice flour solutions among deprotein groups. The Jinmi rice flour solutions exhibited slightly lower consistency index than Dongjin and Tamjin. Defatted rice flour solutions exhibited lower consistency index than rice flour solutions, while dealbumin, deglutelin rice flour solutions exhibited high consistency index. Protease treated rice flour solutions exhibited increase in Dongjin and Tamjin. The yield stress was increased in sequence eating quality. Yield stress of defatted rice flour solutions was decreased, while deglutelin and rice starch flour solutions was increased. The time dependent charac teristics of all rice flour solutions appeared forming hysteresis loop and thixotropic behavior showed. The time dependent characteristics was appeared in sequence eating quality. Rice starch and deglutelin flour solutions appeared greatly time dependent characteristics, but defatted rice flour solutions appeared very little.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.457-460
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• 2010

Purpose: The great toe presents a reconstructive challenge for plastic surgeons. The big toe has much importance not only for the gait and the stability, but also for appearance aspects. Few reports have documented the reconstruction of big toe defects and we report a unique case of free flap reconstruction technique. Methods: A 41-year-old man with right great toe open fracture with soft tissue necrosis was referred from the orthopedic surgery department. On physical examination, there was the skin necrosis circumferentially and the fratured bone was severely fragmented. The metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the big toe was intact. After the wound debridement, we harvested the innervated anterolateral thigh flap and transposed to the defected area. After five months, we finally retouched the flap by the dorsal defatting and distal debulking. Results: He had an uneventful postoperative course without infection, dehiscence and flap necrosis. He has remained asymptomatic for eight months without any recurrence such as the osteomyelitis. Finally, he kept the normal gait and posture with weight bearing on the reconstructed great toe and foot. Conclusion: The anterolateral thigh flap is described for the reconstruction of the great toe. It involves two stage procedure with the minimal donor site morbidity and provides a good cosmetic result.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2012

Purpose: Thumb reconstruction plays most important role in hand injuries because total loss of a thumb constitutes about 40% disability in the hand. The reconstruction can be accomplished by pollicization, free toe-to-thumb transfer, wrap around procedure and lengthening extraction. However, we sometimes need consecutive or double free flaps in the reconstruction of mutilating hand injuries. Methods: We reconstructed a mutilating hand injury in a 54-years old man. Because of severe crushing injury of right thumb and index fingers, we reconstructed a thumb with pollicization using nearly amputated middle finger. Although it survived completely, the adjacent soft tissues which had been covered by fillet flap from the space past was necrosed on 1 month. We debrided the necrotic tissues and covered it with anteromedial thigh perforator free flap consecutively because he had an anatomical variation in branches of lateral femoral circumflex artery. Results: He had an uneventful postoperative course without any complication such as infection, dehiscence and flap necrosis. Three months later, he had undergone tenolysis and defatting procedure of flap site. He recovered the some amount of grip function and was happy with the result. Conclusion: In severe hand trauma including thumb amputation, thumb reconstruction using pollicization and perforator free flap could be an alternative option. It provides minimal donor site morbidity and an acceptable functional result.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1235-1240
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to investigate the application of lipoxygenase(LOX)-deficient soybean to food processing by evaluation of processing and sensory characteristics. LOX activity of some processed products of soybean was decreased as the order of whole soy flour, defatted flour, isolated protein. Particularly the decrement of LOX activity of Hwangkeumkong having all L-1, L-2 and L-3 was so high in defatting and isolation of protein. LOX activities of cotyledon of Jinpumkong sprouts were so high. When soy milks were prepared with LOX-deficient soybeans, its beany flavor was evaluated to be weaker than that of Hwangkeumkong. And soybean sprout of Jinpumkong 2 showed less beany flavor but hypocotyl elongation was poor. The beany flavor of ice cream prepared with defatted flour of Jinpumkong 2 didn't make a significant difference from that of ice cream made with defatted milk powder. We suggest that LOX-deficient soybean may have on relatively good oganoleptic properties of processed foods, so it takes advantage of food processing.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

Background A thinned anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is often harvested to achieve optimal skin resurfacing. Several techniques have been described to thin an ALT flap including an adipocutaneous flap, an adipofascial flap and delayed debulking. Methods By systematically reviewing all of the available literature in English and French, the present manuscript attempts to identify the common surgical indications, complications and donor site morbidity of the adipofascial variant of the ALT flap. The studies were identified by performing a systematic search on Medline, Ovid, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Current Contents, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar. Results The study selection process was adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, and 15 articles were identified using the study inclusion criteria. These articles were then reviewed for author name(s), year of publication, flap dimensions and thickness following defatting, perforator type, type of transfer, complications, thinning technique, number of cases with a particular area of application and donor site morbidity. Conclusions The adipofascial variant of the ALT flap provides tissue to fill large defects and improve pliability. Its strong and safe blood supply permits adequate immediate or delayed debulking without vascular complications. The presence of the deep fascia makes it possible to prevent sagging by suspending and fixing the flap for functional reconstructive purposes (e.g., the intraoral cavity). Donor site morbidity is minimal, and thigh deformities can be reduced through immediate direct closure or liposuction and direct closure. A safe blood supply was confirmed by the rate of secondary flap debulking.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2004

Because traumatic tissue damage on hands and feet often lead to loss of function, permanent deformity, prompt and adequate reconstruction is essential. For children, future growth, as well as function and esthetics, must be taken into account. Several techniques have been employed to reconstruct hand and foot dorsum defects of children. However, skin graft and muscle free flap with skin graft cannot prevent contracture and will interfere with normal growth. Fasciocutaneous free flap reduces contracture and enables early physical therapy, decreasing the need for additional surgical intervention. Parascapular flap is particularly suitable because it has reliable pedicle and is relatively thin. There is little functional loss in the donor site, and also simultaneous extensor tendon reconstruction of hand and foot is possible. The disadvantage of this technique is that postoperative defatting is needed to adjust volume. Our department has achieved satisfactory results using this approach, and would like to report 13 cases of hand and foot reconstruction using parascapular flap in patients under the age of 15 (from March, 1998 to May, 2003).