• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2011

The time-series normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) product has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the phenological information because it can monitor the change of the forests with very high time-resolution, This study described the application of the DFT analysis over the 9 year MODIS data for the identification of the two types of vegetation cover, Pinus densiflora(Pd) and Querqus mongolica(Qm) which are dominant species of evergreen and broadleaved deciduous forest, respectively, The total number of samples was 5148 reference cycles which consist of 2160 Pd and 2988 Qm. They were extracted from the pixel-based MODIS scenes over the 9 years from 2000 to 2008 of South Korea. The DFT analysis was mainly focused on the 0th and $1^{st}$ harmonic components, each of which represents the mean value and the variation amplitude of the NDVI over the years, respectively. The $0^{th}$ harmonic values of the vegetation Pd and Qm averaged over the 9 years were 0.74 and 0.65, respectively. This implies that Pd has a higher NDVI than Qm. Similarly obtained $1^{st}$ harmonic values of Pd and Qm were 0.19 and 0.27, respectively. This can be intuitively understood considering that the seasonal variation of Qm is much larger than Pd. This distinctive difference of the $1^{st}$ harmonic value has been used to identify evergreen and deciduous forests. Overall agreement between the Fourier analysis-based map and the actal vegetation map has been estimated to be as high as 75%. This study found that the DFT analysis can be a concise and repeatable method to separate and trace the changes of evergreen and deciduous forest using the annual NDVI cycles.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.523-538
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• 2011

This study analyzes the changes in the surface area of each forest cover, based on temperature data analysis and satellite imagery as the basic methods for the impact assessment of climate change on regional units. Furthermore, future changes in the forest cover are predicted using the double exponential smoothing method. The results of the study have shown an overall increase in annual mean temperature in the studied region since 1990, and an especially increased rate in winter and autumn compared to other seasons. The multi-temporal analysis of the changes in the forest cover using satellite images showed a large decrease of coniferous forests, and a continual increase in deciduous forests and mixed forests. Such changes are attributed to the increase in annual mean temperature of the studied regions. The analysis of changes in the surface area of each forest cover using the statistical data displayed similar tendencies as that of the forest cover categorizing results from the satellite images. Accordingly, rapid changes in forest cover following the increase of temperature in the studied regions could be expected. The results of the study of the forest cover surface using the double exponential smoothing method predict a continual decrease in coniferous forests until 2050. On the contrary, deciduous forests and mixed forests are predicted to show continually increasing tendencies. Deciduous forests have been predicted to increase the most in the future. With these results, the data on forest cover can be usefully applied as the main index for climate change. Further qualitative results are expected to be deduced from these data in the future, compared to the analyses of the relationship between tree species of forest and climate factors.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권3호
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• pp.397-401
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• 2011

본 연구는 활엽수림 지역에 설치한 인공새집에서 번식을 실시한 박새류의 번식 생태를 파악하기 위하여 2006년부터 2010년까지의 매년 3월부터 7월까지의 기간 동안 실시되었다. 5년에 걸친 조사기간 동안 활엽수림에 설치한 인공새집에서는 곤줄박이, 쇠박새, 박새 등의 박새류가 번식을 하였다. 박새류가 번식을 실시한 인공새집은 입구직경별로 번식쌍수가 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 종별로는 박새가 가장 많이 이용한 것으로 나타났으며, 곤줄박이가 가장 적게 이용하였다. 인공새집을 이용한 박새류는 몸의 크기에 따라 선호하는 입구직경이 달랐는데, 몸의 크기가 큰 박새는 입구직경이 35~40 mm인 인공새집을 주로 이용하였다. 반면 몸의 크기가 가장 작은 쇠박새는 입구직경이 30 mm인 인공새집에서 주로 번식을 하였다. 첫 산란일, 한배 산란수, 한배 새끼수, 포란기간, 육추기간, 번식성공률은 종별, 연도별로 차이를 보였다. 앞으로 박새류의 번식생태에 영향을 주는 요인에 대한 연구를 통해 환경요인과 번식생태에 관한 규명이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2008

To clarify the relationship between the timing and the duration of flowering among populations, plants, and individual flowers, the dates of flower budding, flowering and deflowering were monitored for ten woody species from March 1 to June 30, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, in temperate deciduous forests at three sites of Namsan, and individual plants from seven woody species were monitored from March 1 to May 31, in 2006. Total durations of flower budding, flowering, and deflowering varied among the plant species. Three durations of these phenological stages of Stephanandra incisa were the longest (74 days, 109 days, and 101 days, respectively), and those of Prunus serrulata var. spontanea were the shortest (7 days, 7 days, and 4 days, respectively). For each species, phenological durations varied among years but were similar among the study sites in the same year. There was no relationship between flowering time and flowering duration on the population level. On the plant level, the duration of flower budding was over 11 days in all specie; S. incisa had the longest duration (73.3 days), and that of Styrax japonica was long as well (29.0 days), while that of Prunus leveilleana was the shortest (11.3 days). The longer the mean flower budding duration, the greater the difference among the plants within a species. The flowering duration of for S. incisa was 92.2 days, while that of Forsythia koreana was 27.2 days. The flowering durations of all other species were $10{\sim}20$ days. The deflowering duration was 92.0 days in S. incisa and <15 days in all other species. Differences among the plants in deflowering duration were smaller than those of the other phenological stages. In the species that flowered in April, the correlation coefficient between the flowering duration and the first flowering date was negative and significant. However, in the species that flowered in May, the correlation between flowering duration and the first flowering date was not significant. For individual plants of all species except for S. alnifolia, the earlier the flowering time, the longer the flowering duration. Differences between flowering time and flowering duration across years were significant in six species.

• 환경생물
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.278-281
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• 2001

모악산 도립공원의 양서 ${\cdot}$ 파충류에 대한 생태측정 및 서식환경 분석을 하였다. 이 중 서식환경은 활엽수림, 침엽수림, 식재림, 그리고 기타지역(웅덩이, 호수, 논, 하천 및 강 등)으로 나누어 조사하였다. 그 결과 양서류는 총 1목 4과 8종이 관찰 및 채집되었다. 양서류의 생물다양성 지수 조사는 종 풍부도가 1.270, 다양도는 1.77, 그리고 균등도가 0.853으로 나타났으며 서식환경을 살펴보면, 활엽수에서 42.1.%rk 관찰되었으며, 침엽수에서 11.3% 식재림에서 1.6%, 그리고 기타지역에서 45.0%가 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2009

A habitat model was developed to delineate potential habitat of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in a mountainous region of Kangwon Province, Korea. Between 1997 and 2005, 224 leopard cat presence sites were recorded in the province in the Nationwide Survey on Natural Environments. Fifty percent of the sites were used to develop a habitat model, and the remaining sites were used to test the model. Fourteen environmental variables related to topographic features, water resources, vegetation and human disturbance were quantified for 112 of the leopard cat presence sites and an equal number of randomly selected sites. Statistical analyses (e.g., t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis) showed that elevation, ridges, plains, % water cover, distance to water source, vegetated area, deciduous forest, coniferous forest, and distance to paved road differed significantly (P < 0.01) between presence and random sites. Stepwise logistic regression was used to develop a habitat model. Landform type (e.g., ridges vs. plains) is the major topographic factor affecting leopard cat presence. The species also appears to prefer deciduous forests and areas far from paved roads. The habitat map derived from the model correctly classified 93.75% of data from an independent sample of leopard cat presence sites, and the map at a regional scale showed that the cat's habitats are highly fragmented. Protection and restoration of connectivity of critical habitats should be implemented to preserve the leopard cat in mountainous regions of Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Antlers from deer species are alternative animal by-products. Due to the oriental trade, the velvet antler industry is rapidly emerging in North America. The unique biological property of antler wish a deciduous natural phenomenon offers the valuable model of biomedical research. Growing antlers showed different structures according to cell populations consisting of mesenchymes, chondroblasts, chondrocytes and osseous tissues from distal to proximal portions of main beam. Their structures were different from two tissues, cartilage and bone, in growing antlers. Zone of maturing ants calcifying chondrocytes referred as upper section was invaded by osteoblasts indicating the occurrence of endochondral ossification. The cartilaginous tissues were gradually replaced by osseous tissues downward. The bony tissues referred as the middle and base sections in this thesis contained spongy bone and cortical bone structure in the difference of the degree of mineralization antral the thickness of cortical bony in adjacent to outer velvet layer. In addition, the endocrinological regulators such as testosterone, prolactin, growth hormones and other growth factors are actively involved in the unique deciduous nature shown in the growth and development of antler.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.279-289
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• 1998

상록활엽수림의 식생구조 변화를 모니터링 하기 위하여 완도수목원에 20개의 고정시험구를 1996년에 설치했다. 20개의 고정시험구는 10개의 시험구와 대조구로 구분했으며, 시험구는 적정밀도로 택벌한 후 상록활엽수를 식재했다. 시험처리전 20개 고정시험구의 식생구조는 붉가시나무, 붉가시나무와 개서어나무, 소나무 등이 우점하였고, 소나무군락과 낙엽활엽수군락에서 붉가시나무군락으로 천이되는 식생구조를 나타냈다. 시험처리시험구는 붉가시나무와 소나무가 우점하는 식생구조로 바뀌었고, 관목층과 지피층의 출현종수, 개체수, 피도 등이 증가하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

This research is about analysis and evaluation of biodiversity of Suwon's street tree, then understanding the problem of it and finally finding a solution. Because the increasing damage of the street trees by disease and insects, insecticide is applied to prevent further damage. However, this insecticide is found to be cancer genic and causing hygienic threat to civilians. Therefore, by gathering Suwon's internal statistics about Suwon's street tree, the trees are divided into three categories, tall evergreen trees, deciduous trees, shrubs following Frank's 30-20-10 theory(1990). Also, according to species diversity index, the problem of disease and insect is researched in terms of biodiversity, and here we suggests solutions to counter such problems. According to the results, the trees planted in Suwon was found to be 31 families, 43 genus and 58 species. The most used kinds, almost 85% of the whole species, are found to be Rhododendron indicum (L.) Sweet, Buxus koreana Nakai ex Chung & al, Euonymus japonicus Thunb, Ligustrum obtusifolium Siebold & Zucc. Besides these, the rest of 15% of street trees had little variety. Therefore, it is necessary to plant tree variously and equally in terms of biodiversity. If this Frank's 10-20-30 solution is not enough to completely solve coulure problem, then further research will be done on soil properties, and local features for improvement of Suwon street tress.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.296-308
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• 2002

천관산 지역에서 채집된 표본을 동정한 결과, 관속식물 전체 종수는 117과 366속 519종 76변종 4품종으로 총 599종류로 나타났다. 본 지역은 봉의꼬리, 족제비고사리, 비자나무, 개비자나무, 참식나무, 붉가시나무, 송악, 팔손이, 동백나무, 사스레피나무, 차나무, 석창포, 이대 및 조릿대 등의 상록성 수종과 소사나무, 푸조나무, 상산이나 실고사리 등 낙엽성 난대성 식물이 혼재하고 있다. 구실사리, 히어리, 노각나무, 족도리풀, 노랑 제비꽃, 끈끈이주걱 등이 분포하는 것도 특기할 만하다. 환경부에서 지정한 평가단위별 특정식물은 5 등급이 1 분류군, 4등급은 1 분류군, 3 등급은 5 분류군, 2등급이 1 분류군 그리고 1등급이 37분류군으로 총 45 분류군으로 확인되었다.