• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2023

Plants are a traditional source of many chemicals used as biochemical, flavors, food, color, and pharmaceuticals in various countries, especially India. Most herbal medicines and their derivatives are often made from crude extracts containing a complex mixture of various phytochemical chemical components (secondary metabolites of the plants). This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds from the different parts of the plant from the ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre, Senna auriculata, and Cissus quadrangularis (leaves, flower, stem) by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of various compounds like 3,4-dimethylcyclohexanol, hexanoic acid, D-mannose, and N-decanoic acid. Hence, the Gymnema sylvestre, Senna auriculata, and Cissus quadrangularis may have chemopreventive, anti-cancer, anti-microbial activity, antioxidant, anti-diabetic activity, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract. These phytochemicals are supported for traditional use in a variety of diseases.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2016

Tolaasin은 Pseudomonas tolaasii에 의해 생성되어 pore를 형성하는 펩티드 독소이며, 인공재배 버섯의 막 구조를 파괴하여 갈반병을 일으킨다. Tolaasin이 막에서 pore를 형성하는 기작이나 특성은 자세히 알려지지 않았으나, 인공 지질이중막에서 tolaasin에 의한 pore 형성은 제시되었다. Tolaasin에 의한 지질막에서의 pore 형성은 드물게 나타났고, 형성된 pore는 불안정하기에 tolaasin pore의 길이와 지질막의 두께가 서로 일치하지 않을 수 있음이 제안되었다. 그러므로, 탄소수가 다른 지방산으로 이루어진 인지질들을 첨가하여 tolaasin에 의한 용혈활성 변화를 측정하였다. 두 개의 decanoic acids (C10:0, 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; DDPE)와 myristic acids (C14:0, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), stearic acids(C18:0, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine)로 이루어진 phosphatidylethanolamine들을 적혈구와 tolaasin 펩티드가 포함된 반응용액에 가했을 때, DDPE만이 tolaasin에 의한 용혈활성을 촉진하였으며, 나머지 두 인지질은 효과를 보이지 않았다. DDPE를 다양한 농도로 처리하였을 때, tolaasin에 의한 용혈활성은 농도의존적으로 증가하였다. 중간길이의 지방산으로 구성된 인지질은 tolaasin pore 구조와 막지질 사이에 결합하여 pore 주변의 막을 얇게 함으로써 tolaasin pore를 안정화시킬 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구의 결과는 중간 크기의 지방산으로 구성된 인지질이 tolaasin pore를 막 구조에서 안정화시킴으로써 활성을 증가시키며, 이것은 적혈구 막에서 tolaasin pore의 길이가 막의 두께보다 조금 짧을 것이라는 사실을 제안한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.746-752
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• 2011

측백나무 잎 및 열매 물, 에탄올 및 메탄올 추출물의 생리활성 물질(총 폴리페놀 화합물, 플라보노이드, 미네랄, 지방산 조성) 분석과 항산화 활성(DPPH free radical scavenging 활성, Cu/Fe-환원력, 간 조직 microsome 생체막 및 linoleic acid 과산화지질)을 측정하였다. 측백나무 잎의 메탄올 추출물에서 추출 수율(12.90%), 폴리페놀 화합물(16.02%) 및 플라보노이드(0.25%) 함량이 가장 높았다. 측백나무 잎 및 열매의 주요 미네랄은 Ca, K, 및 Mg이었다. 측백나무 잎의 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid 및 lauric acid였으며, 열매는 palmitic acid 및 decanoic acid가 높은 함량을 보였다. DPPH free radical scavenging 활성, Cu/Fe-환원력, 간 조직 microsome 생체막 및 linoleic acid의 과산화 지질 측정에 의한 항산화 활성은 측백나무 열매보다는 잎 추출물에서 높았으며, 시료 처리 농도 의존적으로 활성이 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 실험 결과에서 측백나무 잎의 메탄올 추출물에서 높은 항산화 활성이 있었으며, 이는 폴리페놀 화합물과 플라보노이드와 같은 항산화 활성을 나타내는 생리활성 성분을 많이 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타나 향후 건강기능식품이나 화장품의 천연 항산화제 소재개발에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.214-221
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• 1997

어성초의 향특성과 항균효과를 검색하기 위하여 정유성분을 포집한 후 Prep-HPLC로 분획한 결과 11개의 분획물로 분리되었고, 각 분획물의 향 특성을 관능적으로 검색한 결과 한개의 분획물(Fr. 6)에서 어성초 특유의 비린내를 감지할 수 있었다. 이 분획물을 GC-MS로 확인한 결과 2-undecanone, ${\beta}-myrcene$, decanoyl acetaldehyde, ${\beta}-ocimene$ 및 1-decanol들로 확인되었으며 이들 중 2-undecanone과 decanoyl acetaldehyde의 두 화합물들이 어성초 특유의 비린내에 중요한 작용을 할 것으로 추정되었다. Prep-HPLC로 분획된 11개의 분획물들 중 decanal, endobornyl acetate, fenchene과 decanoic acid가 함유된 분획물(Fr. 5)과 어성초 특유의 향이 감지된 분획물(Fr. 6)이 공시한 Gram 음성균에 대하여 강한 항균활성을 나타내었다. Gram 양성균에 대하여서는, Fr. 6의 분획물에 대하여 Bacillus subtilis가 약한 활성을 나타내었고, cis-3-hexenal, hexanal 및 ${\alpha}-terpinolene$ 등이 함유되어 있는 Fr. 3의 분획물에 대하여 Staphylococcus aureus가 다소의 활성을 나타내었으나 그외 분획물들은 Gram 양성균에 대한 항균활성이 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2011

This study analyzes flavor ingredients according to types of whisky and maturation periods based on total 40 different types of whisky that are mainly distributed to Korea via imports. Whisky was classified into four categories based on origin, and also into different categories based on maturity period, ingredients such as fusel alcohol, fatty acid, and fatty acid esters and proportion of patterns were analyzed. As a result of an analysis for fusel alcohol, high qualified types of alcohol including 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylbutanol, iso-butanol, and 1-propanol were detected from all Scotch whiskys, America whiskys, and Canadian whiskys. In particular, the proportional sum of 3-methylbutanol and 2-methylbutanol, and the sum of 3-methylbutanol and 2-methylbutanol/iso-butanol were regarded as core factors to determine each type of whisky. Acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, and acetic acid increased as maturation and storage period became longer. As a result of the fatty acid and fatty acid ethyl ester analysis, the major fatty acids were dodecanoic acid and decanoic acid, both with detection of octanoic acid and hexanoic acid. However, dodecanoic acid, decanoic acid, and octanoic acid were lower than the detectable limit in American and Canadian whiskys, showing a unique phenomenon that hexanoic acid was detected only in very small amounts. Malt Scotch whisky showed higher significance than blended Scotch whisky, making it possible to classify types of whisky. Fatty acid ethyl ester contents showed significance with fatty acid either. In addition, changes in the whiskys based on maturation period were confirmed via proportions of fatty acids and fatty acid ethyl esters. In general, the proportion of fatty acids and fatty acid ethyl esters decreased as the storage period increased. This study provided basic data to classify types of whisky based on maturation periods by analyzing the proportion of flavor ingredients such as fusel alcohols, fatty acids, and fatty acid ethyl esters.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.411-420
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 현재 우리나라에서 그 소비량이 증가하고 있고, 여러 가지 효능이 확인되고 있는 한약재 중의 하나인 어성초를 10 kGy로 조사하여 휘발성 유기성분의 변화를 비교하였다. n-Pentane과 diethylether 혼합용매를 추출용매로 사용하여 연속증류추출장치로 추출하고 이를 GC/MS로 사용하여 분석.확인하였다. 비 조사 시료와 10 kGy의 선량으로 방사선 조사한 시료에서 확인된 휘발성 유기성분은 각각 83종과 85종이 확인되었다. 전체적인 관능기별 함량으로는 alcohol류와 ketone류가 두드러지는 경향을 보여 어성초의 주요휘발성 유기화합물에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다. 어성초의 대표적인 휘발성 유기화합물로는 hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, phytol, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, octadecanol, caryophyllene oxide, 2-undecanone 및 menthol 등이었다. 특히 houttuynum은 그 함량이 다른 주요 화합물보다 상대적으로 낮게 확인되었으나, 어성초의 특징적인 비린내 성분을 부여하는 화합물로 확인되었다. 또한, 어성초의 주요 생리활성 성분이며, 항균, 항진균, 항생물, 항염증 및 항종양 등의 여러 가지 효능이 입증되고 있는 terpene류의 상대적인 함량도 다량 확인되었다. 조사에 따른 함량은 비 조사시료와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 어성초의 위생화 처리 효과를 고려할 때 방사선 조사를 이용하는 방법이 적절할 것으로 사료되며, 한약재의 위생화 방안과 현재 활발히 진행되고 있는 방사선 조사식품에 대한 여러 연구들에 대한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.236-245
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• 1999

Andong Soju is a Korean traditional distilled liquor brewed with Nuruk which is cultured with wild microorganisms. To provide useful information for scientific production and systematic quality control of traditional distilled liquor, the effects of mixed culture of the alcoholic yeasts and saccharifying molds isolated from the Nuruk, and mashes on the flavor and sensory characteristics were investigated. Distillate from mashes cocultured with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hansenula anomala using Mucor Nuruk was compared with distillate from mashes brewed with Andong Nuruk and with distillate from plant fermented mashes to analyze their flavor characteristics. The volatile flavor compounds in distillates were analyzed by GC and GC-MS using direct injection, solvent extraction, and purge & trap methods. Alcohols such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-propanol, and 2-phenyl ethanol; aldehydes such as acetaldehyde and 2-furancar-boxaldehyde; esters such as ethyl ester of acetic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid; alkanes, alkenes, ketone, sulfur, and pyrone compounds were detected. Alcohols were chief components of flavor compounds. No significant difference in overall acceptability test was shown among three experimental groups(p<0.05), but Nuruk-like aroma, Kaoliangchiew-like aroma, sweet taste, and well rounded mouthfeel showed significant differences among them(p<0.05).

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.723-730
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• 1994

Stable aqueous dispersion of magnetite colloid was obtained by allowing a fatty acid, such as nonanoic acid, decanoic acid and undecanoic acid, dissociated with NH4OH solution to adsorb on the monomolecular adsorption of oleate. To obtain a stable dispersion, added amounts of sodium oleate and nonanoic acid for magnetite 20g were more than 2.63$\times$10-2 mol and 0.04 mol respectively. In this colloid, good dispersions of magnetite which is sterically stabilized in aqueous system were achieved about pH 7.7. Water-based magnetic fluids using in this study were able to redisperse to water-based magnetic fluids by adding NH4OH solution to dried water-based magnetic fluid powders. Changing a magnetic fluid carrier such as kerosene was also attemped by adding kerosene to dried water-based magnetic fluid powders. In this study, we can obtain a kerosene-based magnetic fluids using drying process.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2010

Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) display various pharmacological effects including pain control, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. The synthesis and release of endocannabinoids are regulated under both physiological and pathological conditions. The main degrading enzyme of endocannabinoid is fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Therefore we have developed the fluorescence-based assay system for FAAH. We established stable CosM6 cell lines expressing human FAAH. We also synthesized 2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl decanoate (DAEC) as a fluorogenic substrate for FAAH. When crude membrane extracts stably expressing FAAH was incubated with DAEC at $25^{\circ}C$, FAAH reacted specifically to DAEC and catalyzes the hydrolysis of DAEC into decanoic acid and highly fluorescent coumarin. Furthermore, the serin hydrolase inhibitor, phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride, inhibited the coumarin release to the reaction buffer in concentration dependent manner. This assay system is suitable for high-throughput screening since this system has simple experimental procedure and measurement method.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.879-885
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• 2011

This study was to identify and quantify the flavor compounds in cream cheese and cholesterol-removed cream cheese made from whole milk powder stored at $7^{\circ}C$ for 4 wk. Flavor compounds of cream cheese were identified using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy and quantified by gas chromatography. The tentatively identified flavor compounds were mainly eight from fatty acids in cream cheese made from whole milk powder (CCWMP) and nine from fatty acids in cholesterol-removed cream cheese made from whole milk powder (CRCCWMP). In quantitative analysis of the flavor compounds, most of the volatile compounds were slightly increased during storage. N-Decanoic acid was produced only in CCWMP. On the basis of the results, it was concluded that the quality and quantity of flavor compounds in CCWMP and CRCCWMP have almost no adverse effects in comparison with that of whole milk-made cream cheese.