• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.191-201
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• 2017

Recently, de-industrialization phenomenon has been intensified in global. It caused negative issues of manufacturing economy, so many countries are carrying out a policy to protect and promote their manufacture industry. Also in Korea, government is implementing a policy to promote their manufacture based technique and process. It was named "Ppuri industry". We studied how important Ppuri industry is in Korean manufacture economy and the relation of between the metal industry and Ppuri industry. Finally, we analyze the problem of korean promotion policy of Ppuri industry and suggest an alternative policy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2014

This paper interprets the hidden structure, layers and figures into cultural landscape, invisible landscape, by using landscape adjectives based on Place Memory of locals. Methods for obtaining local landscape information are through semi-standardized interview and autobiographical questionnaires. As a research site, Janghang in Korea which have experienced not only colonized and autonomous industrialization but also de-industrialization is a typical modern industrial landscape even in Asia. Thus, the landscape is interpreted as layered images like a stratum and as a dynamic landscape that changes over time. People only remember selected memories such as regional and national images affected from industrial developing paradigm in Korea. Some images of the landscape are distorted by powers and influenced by places of memory. This study brings us some discussions that 'What do we look at and remember about the landscape?'

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2011

Many of the old industrial cities in advanced economies have experienced deindustrialization since the 1960s. While some of them have been transforming their economic structures with new economies, such as arts and cultural industries, others have been seriously suffering from economic and social problems. Brooklyn Borough of New York City is one of the best examples which have gone trough rapid de-industrialization; but have been reasonably successful in recovering its economy with arts and cultural industries. This paper introduces the process of developing creative industry clusters, articulates major actors, and find out the governance of the clusters, using three Brooklyn's arts clusters, such as DUMBO, BAM and Williamsburg. Based on the case studies, the paper draws theoretical and policy implications applicable to the Korean circumstance.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.629-647
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• 2017

As fashion has concentrated increasingly on inner values, it has become more directly connected with human life and society. This study analyzed anti-fashion, a movement that resists mainstream society and culture, which it views as causing inner conflicts such as competition, mammonism, consumerism, and egoism by fixating solely on the pursuit of growth and improvement. The study examined Kinfolk, an independent lifestyle magazine, to determine the essential values and principles that comprise this movement's refusal of mainstream modern society. The analysis of Kinfolk identified the following characteristics of, the Kinfolk lifestyle: essentialism, nature-friendliness, retro sensibilities, socio-ethical awareness, and diversity. Essentialism refers to the pursuit of essence, brevity, innovation based on tradition and slow life. Nature-friendliness involves communion with nature and humanity, animal-friendliness, de-industrialization, de-urbanization, and nomadic behavior. The components of the retro sensibility include nostalgia, and interests in vintage culture, and handcrafts. Diversity encompasses commonplaceness, various subcultures, agelessness, genderlessness, acceptance of other cultures, and new understanding. The analysis identified the tendencies of anti-fashion in Kinfolk magazine as simplicity, naturalism, resistance to novelty, ethics, and inclusiveness. Anti-fashion pursues the essential values of human life that have been lost or forgotten in modern society. It is important to pay constant attention to the values of minority, non-mainstream and indie cultures that represent anti-fashion. It exerts considerable influence and has great potential as an area for the development of various style-based paradigms rather than as a single fashion direction.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.31-47
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• 2019

This study focuses on women and fashion in Korea between the 1960s and 1970s, when the government regulated the socio-cultural aspects of individuals while achieving remarkable economic industrialization, particularly through the representative popular weekly magazine 'Sunday-Seoul'. The scope of this study included 168 issues from September 22, 1968 to December 26, 1971. Two research methods were applied, literature research and content analysis research. First, the literature on Korean society, culture, women's fashion, the sociological, feminine and popular cultural studies were reviewed. Thereafter, the contents, cover, articles, pictorials were collected and analyzed for classification and identification of the women's images and women's fashion. In the case of fashion articles, the contents of vocabulary and description texts were highlighted, and in the case of pictorials, the visual elements such as images, silhouettes of clothes, details of features, and patterns of materials were assessed. The images of women in Sunday Seoul's articles and pictorials exhibited extreme opposite, presenting the most important purpose of marriage, 'wise mother and good wife' and 'image of sexual object' for men. The two images of women differed; however, there was one more female image 'industrial laborer' which was placed in the blind spot of interest. The characteristics of fashion which appeared in 'Sunday-Seoul' were 'uniform modern elegance' based on neat mini-style, and 'sexual image of exposure fashion' which endeavored to selectively borrow from overseas pictorials and trend-oriented articles. This could be viewed as a 'transformation of traditional Hanbok', 'avant-garde trend' and 'de-sexualization & indifference of fashion'.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.1-19
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• 2011

In the process of modernization from the traditional Korean Han-bok to today's modernized fashion. The Republic of Korea received the most influences form the United States among other western countries. The U. S. A. was the primary country who helped to release S. Korea from Japanese colonization in 1945, and provided the most economic and military aids after the Korean War in 1950. The purpose of this case study is to find out the traits of Americanization in modern Korean fashion through sociocultural evidences and reference pictures. The Americanization can be defined as the U. S. A. influencing cultures of other countries, and sometimes resulted in the substitution of a given culture with American culture. Americanization generally is a part of westernization. The analogous terms for Americanization, are Coca-colonization, McDonaldization, Starbuckslization, and Hollywoodization. The theories related to Americanization are theory of economic determination, global system theory, conspiracy theory, modernization theory, and theory of dependence. However, Americanization of Korea cannot be explained in one single theory, but only can be explained as a hybrid of two cultures. There also is a critical viewpoint of de-Americanization. Americanization of Korea were studied in three important chronicles, a period of modernization (1945-1950s), a period of industrialization & popularization(1960s-1970s), and a period of consumerization(1980s-present). The traits of Americanization in the process of modernizing Korean fashion, were found as simplicity, functionality, popularity(kitsch & mimicry), anti-traditional ethics(unchastity & skin revealing), and materialism(lavishness & trends).

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.750-753
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• 2015

The continuing trend of built environment set forth by the rise of modernization and industrialization has led every country in achieving their respective economic development. Along side this trend is an issue that needs to be addressed - the environmental impacts of the built industry. Construction and maintenance of buildings are said to consume 40% of the world's energy, 65% of electricity, and 40% of raw materials, creating drastic pollutants harmful not only to the environment but also to human. Figures have been released and analyzed proving the contributions of built environment with environmental depreciation. Said figures earned concerns not just from different private and non-profit organizations but also the governments of every country, thus, steps towards sustainable development are being implemented. As a response, the "green" was added in the built environment. Later on, the now emerging concept of "National Green Building Code" found its role in the policy of various states in protecting the people in accord with the nature. This paper appreciates the initiatives of various countries and non-profit organizations in their drive to pursue sustainable green built environment in general, and specifically proposes an establishment of an "incentives grant framework" as an additional legislative policy to be included in the draft of the National Green Building Code of the Philippines.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.195-229
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• 2018

This study has examined how the welfare system has changed as it has passed through the most controversial period in Korean modern history. The welfare system has changed in a way that adapts to the need for export-led economic growth. Industrialization centered on light industry, which started in the mid-1960s, absorbed the labor force that existed in the rural areas and commodified them, thereby creating a momentum for Korean society to get out of poverty. However, the public de-commodification, ie social security system, adapted to the commodification of the labor force has been institutionalized only in a very limited area and people. Indeed, the de-commodification system was confined to the area directly linked to the reproduction of the labor force. Even so, the target was very limited in the abundance of labor in rural areas. Compulsory medical insurance was rejected because of corporate burden, and industrial accidents insurance was introduced centering on large-scale workplaces. As the Korean economy began to move from the light industry to the heavy industry in the 1970s, the commodificated labor force changed from a low skilled labor force to a skilled male labor force. It is at this time that dual structures have begun to be created between workers employed in export-oriented large enterprises and workers employed in domestic-oriented SMEs. Therefore, the system of de-commodification that supports the reproduction of labor power in response to social risks has also been institutionalized centering on large-scale workplaces.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.170-179
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• 2017

Plant molecular farming has attracted a lot of attention lately in the field of mass production of industrially valuable materials by extending application of the plant as a kind of factory concept. Among them, protein expression system using rice(Oryza sativa L.) callus is a technology capable of mass culture and industrialization because of a high expression rate of a target protein. This study was carried out to develop an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system to increase the utilization of rice callus. The transformation efficiency was improved by using the hand when seeds were de-husked for callus induction. Furthermore, we were possible induction of callus from 6 years old seed smoothly. Selection of the callus contained the target gene was required a cultivation period of at least 3 weeks, and the most efficient selection period was after 6 weeks of culture including one passage. This selection was confirmed that the gene was stably inserted into the genomic DNA of the plant cell by the southern blot analysis and progeny test. Such an efficient selection system of rice callus that can be cultured in the long term will be contribute to the industrialization of useful recombinant proteins using rice.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-180
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• 2006

The Ruhr region used to be a large industrial area, working as an engine of economic growth of the Germany. However, the region has been suffering from economic and social problems originating from de-industrialization. Since the 1970s, various levels of governments have attempted to solve the problems with policies of regional innovation, e.g., establishing technology parks, competence centers, and business incubators to promote start-ups, technology transfers, and networks between governments, businesses, universities, public research institutes, and the public. In this context, this paper attempts to analyse governance of regional innovation policies of the Ruhr area, based on an analytical framework developed by a groups of researchers, i.e.. Bae et al (2006), The paper concludes that the roles of governments are important in creating and implementing regional innovation policies of the Ruhr area, the policies heavily rely on the R&D capacity of local universities and public research institutes; and various levels of governments have different roles to play.