• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diabetes education on diabetic management by determining the changes of the knowledge and practice for diet therapy and blood glucose level pre-training and post-training. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SPSS 11.0 program. The results can be summarized as follows : The average age of the subjects was 52.8 years old, the period of suffering from diabetes was 7.9 years and 31% of the patients had a history of diabetes in their family members. In life style for self-management, they showed lower levels in drinking post-training, and significantly higher exercise levels post-training (P<0.05). Regarding the level of knowledge for diet, they showed significantly higher levels post-training in eight items such as importance of diet therapy for diabetes (p<0.005), principle of diet therapy (p<0.005), nutrient composition of foods (p<0.005), carbohydrate composition of foods (p<0.005), calorie prescribed to themselves (p<0.001), exchange units prescribed to themselves (p<0.005), exchange food items and exchanges units of cereal & grains (p<0.005) and exchange food items and exchanges units of fruit & juices (p<0.005). Regarding the practices of diet, they showed significantly higher levels of practice in keeping permitted meal size (p<0.005), using food exchange list (p<0.005), keeping exact meal times (p<0.001) and restricting most foods to eat (P<0.01) post-training. When measuring their bodies, average weight was lower post-training. Obesity was significantly lower post-training (p<0.01), and blood pressure both in systolic and diastolic was lower. Postcardinal-2hour blood glucose level decreased significantly from 268.4$\pm$98.9 pre-training to 180.9$\pm$48.4 post-training (p<0.001).

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2013

Objectives: To investigate the association between psychological distress and obesity among law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the United States. Methods: Self-reported data on psychological distress based on six key questions were obtained from LEOs who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2010). We used Prochaska's cut-point of a Kessler 6 score ${\geq}5$ for moderate/high mental distress in our analysis. Mean levels of body mass index (BMI) were compared across three levels of psychological distress. Results: The average age of LEOs (n = 929) was 39.3 years; 25% were female. Overall, 8.1% of LEOs had moderate or high psychological distress; 37.5% were obese (BMI ${\geq}30$). Mean BMI increased with increasing psychological distress (no distress, BMI = $27.2kg/m^2$; mild distress, $27.6kg/m^2$; and moderate/high distress, $33.1kg/m^2$; p = 0.016) after adjustment for age, race, income, and education level among female officers only. Physical activity modified the association between psychological distress and BMI but only among male LEOs (interaction p = 0.002). Among male LEOs reporting low physical activity, psychological distress was positively associated with BMI ($30.3kg/m^2$ for no distress, 30.7 for mild distress, 31.8 for moderate/high distress; p = 0.179) after adjustment, but not significantly. This association was not significant among males reporting high physical activity. Conclusion: Mean BMI significantly increased as psychological distress increased among female LEOs. A longitudinal study design may reveal the directionality of this association as well as the potential role that physical activity might play in this association.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2016

Caffeine has been proposed to have several beneficial effects on obesity and its related metabolic diseases; however, how caffeine affects adipocyte differentiation has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that caffeine suppressed 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and inhibited the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, two main adipogenic transcription factors. Anti-adipogenic markers, such as preadipocyte secreted factor (Pref)-1 and Krüppel-like factor 2, remained to be expressed in the presence of caffeine. Furthermore, 3T3-L1 cells failed to undergo typical mitotic clonal expansion in the presence of caffeine. Investigation of hormonal signaling revealed that caffeine inhibited the activation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 in a dose-dependent manner, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our data show that caffeine is an anti-adipogenic bioactive compound involved in the modulation of mitotic clonal expansion during adipocyte differentiation through the AKT/GSK3 pathway.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 1992

본 조사는 1989년 5월 비교적 생활 수준이 높은 대구 시내 5 개 국 사립 국민학교 5학년 학생을 대상으로 이들의 신장과 체중을 이용해, Body Mass Index를 구하고 Triceps Skinfold Thickness를 측정하는 한편, 설문지를 통해 아동의 식사 행태, 운동상황, 아동의 건강 관리에 대한 어머니의 관심도 및 생활 양상 등을 조사하고 BMI를 이용해서 비만군과 정상군을 구분 선정하여 비만군 245명, 정상군 327명, 총 572명을 대상으로 비교, 검토한 결과는 다음과 갈다. 비만군의 평균 신장은 143.9cm로 정상군의 139.4cm보다 컸으며 평균 체중은 비만군 정상군이 각각 44.1kg. 31.7kg으로 나타나 양 군에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. Triceps Skinfold Thickness는 비만군이 11.0mm, 정상군이 7.5mm로 비만군이 높게 나타났으며 비만군의 부모의 체중 및 BMI는 정상군의 부모보다 높은 수치를 보였다. 비만군의 이유 완료 시기는 정상군보다 빠른 경향을 보였다. 비만군이 저녁 식사 시간이 가장 식욕이 좋다고 말한 반면 정상군은 점심 식사 시간으로 나타나 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 비만군은 정상군에 비해 체육 시간을 싫어하는 경향이 뚜렷했으며 특히 줄넘기, 육상, 체조 및 철봉에서는 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 아동의 건강관리에 대한 관심은 비만군외 어머니가 정상군의 어머니에 비해 식사량의 규제를 많이 하는 것으로 나타났으며 운동에 대한 관심에서도 같은 결과를 보였다. 이상에서 살펴 본 바와 같이 비만은 유전적인 영향과도 관련이 되고 유아기부터의 식사 행동 및 생장기의 식습관과 활동 상태와도 관계있음을 알 수 있었고 이에 비만아에 대한 대책으로 가정과 학교에서 적극적인 관심을 갖고 아동을 지도 해야 할 필요가 있다고 하겠다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.664-675
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the cross-sectional associations between dietary factors and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in 12,755 subjects (males 5,146, females 7,609) aged 19 years or above using data from the 4th (2007-2009) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The prevalence of MetS in Korean adults was 23.6% (males 26.1%, females 20.9%) with the criteria for modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. While males had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and high blood pressure than females, the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol level was higher in females than in males. Among dietary guidelines, the response of 'yes' for asking practice of 'avoiding salty foods', and 'eating moderately and increasing physical activity for healthy weight' were significantly associated with the decreased risk of MetS in both males and in females. Especially, the risk of MetS was significantly lower in the subjects that responded the practice of all items of Korean Dietary Guidelines. Significantly negative associations with MetS were also found in the responding for practice of 'limiting consumption of alcoholic beverages' in males, and taking dietary supplements in females. Skipping breakfast was positively associated with the risk of MetS. In conclusion, dietary behaviors such as having breakfast, practice of dietary guidelines, and food consumption in moderation could modify the prevalence of MetS, and our findings could be useful for establishing guidelines for preventing MetS.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.502-508
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood concentrations of lipids, insulin and ascorbic acid, and their correlations in obese college men in Gyeongnam area. The blood pressure was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the obese group($127.8{\pm}7.2/86.7{\pm}9.2\;mmHg$) than the control group($112.8{\pm}6.6/71.9{\pm}6.6\;mmHg$). The serum triglyceride (p<0.01), total cholesterol (p<0.01), LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05), insulin (p<0.001) concentrations and atherogenic index (AI) (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the obese group ($158.8{\pm}79.7\;{\mu}U/L$, $185.0{\pm}26.8\;{\mu}U/L$, $111.9{\pm}28.1\;{\mu}U/L$, $15.2{\pm}5.6\;{\mu}U/L$, $3.6{\pm}1.0$) than the control group($111.9{\pm}35.8\;{\mu}U/L$, $165.9{\pm}19.4\;{\mu}U/L$, $97.0{\pm}16.4\;{\mu}U/L$, $8.9{\pm}4.4\;{\mu}U/L$, $2.6{\pm}0.3$), but HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher (p<0.01) in the control group($46.5{\pm}7.2\;{\mu}U/L$) than the obese group($41.3{\pm}6.9\;{\mu}U/L$). On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the plasma ascorbic acid concentration in both groups. The ascorbic acid concentration was negatively correlated with total cholesterol level in the control group, and with triglyceride, total cholesterol levels and diastolic blood pressure in the obese group (p<0.05). These data show that young adult obesity might be related to hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and that the nutrition of ascorbic acid is more important for obese males than normal weight males.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the association between health risk factors and mortality in Juam cohort. Methods: The subjects were 1,447 males and 1,889 females who had been followed up for 68.5 months to 1 January 2001. Whether they were alive or not was confirmed by the mortality data of the National Statistical Office. A total of 289 persons among them died during the follow-up period. The Cox's proportional hazard regression model was used for survival analysis. Results: Age, type of medical insurance, self cognitive health level, habit of alcohol drinking, smoking, exercise and BMI level were included in Cox's proportional hazard model by gender. The hazard ratio of age was 1.07(95% CI: 1.05-1.10) in men, 1.09(95% CI: 1.06-1.12) in women. The hazard ratio of medical aid(lower socioeconomic state) was 1.43(95% CI 1.02-2.19) in women. The hazard ratios of current alcohol drinking and current smoking were respectively 1.69(95% CI: 1.01-2.98), 1.52(95% CI: 1.02-2.28) in women. The hazard ratio of underweight was 1.56(95% CI 1.08-2.47) in men. The hazard ratios of underweight, normoweight, overweight, and obesity were respectively 1.63(95% CI: 1.02-2.67), 1.0(referent), 0.62(95% CI: 0.32-1.63), 1.27(95% CI: 0.65-3.06), which supported the U-shaped relationship between body mass index and mortality among the men over 65. Conclusions: The health risk factors increasing mortality were age, underweight in male, age, lower socioeconomic state, current alcohol drinking, current smoking in female. To evaluate long-term association between health risk factors and mortality, further studies need to be carried out.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.825-831
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• 2013

본 연구를 통하여 streptozotocin 주사에 의한 당뇨 유발이 일반식이와 고지방식이로 키운 C57BL/6 수컷생쥐의 지방조직에서의 염증성 사이토카인 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 네 그룹의 당뇨생쥐(일반식이 또는 고지방식이로 키운 16주령 또는 26주령 생쥐)와 네 그룹의 비당뇨 대조군을 포함한 모두 73마리의 생쥐가 이 실험에 사용되었다. Real-time PCR을 이용하여 지방조직에서의 tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)와 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)의 유전자 발현량을 측정한 결과, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA는 당뇨 유발에 의해 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 특히, 16주령의 일반식이 생쥐의 경우 비당뇨 대조군에 비해 당뇨가 유발된 실험군에서 유의한 증가가 관찰되었다. MCP-1 mRNA 발현은 STZ처리에 따른 당뇨유발에 의해 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히, 16주령 고지방식이의 당뇨 실험군에서의 발현이 비당뇨 대조군에서의 발현량의 26%에 해당할 정도로 큰 감소를 나타내었다. 또한, MCP-1의 발현은 인슐린 농도와 유의한 상관관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 이들 실험결과는 당뇨 모델 생쥐에서 지방조직의 염증성 사이토카인이 이상발현되고 있음을 나타내며, 비만, 인슐린저항성, 및 당뇨에서의 저준위 염증상태와 지방조직에서의 염증성 사이토카인 발현 조절의 기작을 밝히는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2479-2483
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• 2016

Background: This study explored the knowledge and awareness about colorectal cancer (CRC) among undergraduate students of one of the leading universities in Saudi Arabia, along with the mode of information access. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at the King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, among students of different faculties. The study questionnaire, containing 28 items, was adapted from surveys identified in the relevant literature. The CRC awareness questionnaire consisted of an awareness section (early CRC signs and symptoms, and risk factors) and a knowledge section. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0. Results: A total of 525 undergraduate students participated in the study. The majority were females (63.0%) and approximately half (56.8%) were medical students. The majority of the students (82.3%) were aware of CRC, and 68% thought that CRC is a preventable disease. Regarding colorectal cancer screening tests, only one-third of students (33%) had actual knowledge, while the majority of the students (77.0%) thought that there are tests which help in early detection. Only 4% of the participants had a family history of CRC. The majority of the participants (84%) thought that CRC is a disease that can be cured. Almost 50-60% participants had good awareness level regarding risk factors, and signs and symptoms. Regarding knowledge, participant responses varied for family history (52%), age (59%), chronic infection of the colon (72%), obesity and lack of exercise (66%). More than one-third of the students had received information material regarding CRC from their curriculum followed by social media (20.4%), and nearly 40% from other sources such as TV, hospital and mass media. Female participants had significantly better awareness in a few questions regarding CRC awareness as compared to their male counterparts. There was a significant difference observed between medical and non-medical students (p<0.001) in overall score of awareness and knowledge about CRC while no significant difference found in gender-wise comparison. Conclusions: Knowledge and awareness of students about CRC were not up to the mark. Medical students and female students had better knowledge in a few areas, but the overall situation is dismal.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.278-290
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 근로자들의 BMI 변화에 따른 혈청총콜레스테롤의 변화 및 고콜레스테롤혈증 발생비율과의 관련성을 파악하고자 시도하였다. 연구는 2002년부터 20012년까지 11년간 각 연도별로 1회 이상 정기건강검진을 받았던 30~69세 근로자 28,249명(남자 25,548명, 여자 2,701명)을 대상으로 검진기간을 전기(2002-2005), 중기(2006-2009) 및 후기(2010-2012)로 구분하여 각 기간별 BMI 구분에 따른 혈청지질의 평균치를 분석하였다. 또한, 기준년도(2002)로부터 10년간의 BMI의 변화량 구분별로 혈청총콜레스테롤의 평균변화량을 산출하였으며, 혈청총콜레스테롤 정상자에서의 BMI 구분별 10년간의 고콜레스테롤혈증 발생의 년차별 비율을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 서로 다른 3시기(전기; 2002~2005, 중기; 2006~2009 및 후기; 2010~2012)에서의 평균혈청총콜레스테롤은 BMI가 낮은 군($18.5kg/m^2$미만군)에서 중간군($18.5-25.0kg/m^2$군), 높은 군($25.0kg/m^2$ 이상군)으로 갈수록 유의하게 증가하였으며, 고콜레스테롤혈증 발생비율도 BMI가 낮은 군에서 높은 군으로 갈수록 유의하게 증가하였다. 위와 같이 10년간의 BMI 변화량에 대한 혈청총콜레스테롤의 평균변화량의 경년적 추이를 볼 때, BMI의 증가는 혈청총콜레스테롤의 증가에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 혈청지질치의 위험 관리를 위해서는 비만관리에 대한 평가와 중재가 필요함을 시사하고 있다.