• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 1988

The study was conducted to determine the optimal basal media and the concentration of plant growth regulator for germination of seeds and growth of plantlet from Dendrobium monile. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Germination was similar in light and dark condition, but the growth of plantlet after germination was better under dark than under light condition in several media. Germination was best in Hyponex and Kyoto solution medium among the 9 media tested. The number of roots/shoot was most in the Hyponex medium containing 0,1ppm NAA and 1.Oppm BA.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 1986

The physiological aspects of tobacco seeds from seeding to germination under light and dark condition, and different temperature were studied to obtain basic information on the production of good seedlings. There were distinct three phases in moisture uptake and respiration process during germination that classifiable into 'Imbibition', 'Lag', and 'Growth' phase under light condition but such growth phase were not observed in the dark germination. Great changes of sugar and fatty acid content of tobacco seeds were observed during germination in light condition but such changes were slight in dark germinated seeds and fatty acid content of seeds during germination were decreased as corresponding to increasing in respiration.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

Several presowing seed treatments have been used to facilitate the seed germination and seedling emergence. The study was performed to design a model of presowing seed treatments in Taraxacum platycarpum. Germination and seedling growth responses to temperature, drying, chilling, $GA_3$ and priming were investigated to know the optimum germination conditions and presowing treatment. The optimum temperature condition for germination and seedling growth were $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ at dark condition. The seeds exposed to infra red light, however, did not germinate. The moisture content of seeds dried at $35^{\circ}C$ for 3.5 hours was returned to the level of unimbibed seeds. The germination of seeds dried under dark condition was better than those dried under infra red light. Prechilling treatment imposed for 6 weeks showed higher germination rate than $GA_3$ treatment or priming. In field test, the highest field emergence was observed in the seeds dried after prechilled for 6 weeks and followed by drying followed by $GA_3$ > low temperature > $KNO_3$ priming. Imbibition with 0.1 mM $GA_3$ solution for 2 hours then drying at 35 for 3.5 hour under dark condition was effective to the practical presowing treatment for Taraxacum seeds.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.202-207
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of seed germination pattern by the prechilling and alternating temperature treatments to 16 species of native plant. The seed length, width and thickness ranged from 1.1 to 8.9 mm, from 0.7 to 7.5 mm and from 0.4 to 1.7 mm, respectively. In addition, the 1,000 grain weight of native plants ranged from 0.1 to 8.8g. Germination rate of Melandryum firmum R. and Saussurea pulchella F. with light condition, Capsella bursa-pastoris L. and Leonurus sibiricus L. with dark conditionin of non-treatment were the highest 69, 81,16 and 36%, respectively. Germination rate of Aster scaber T., Cirsium setidens N., Ligularia fischeri T., Plantago asiatica L., and Saussurea sp. of 5$^{\circ}C$ prechilling for 30 days were the highest 84, 29, 29, 57, 78 and 95% with light condition respectively, 30% but Cirsium nipponicum M. only with dark condition. Germination rate of Aralia elata S., Aster koraiensis N. and Synurus deltoides N. of alternating temperature with 8 hours at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 16 hours at 15$^{\circ}C$ were the highest 2 and 57% with light condition and 52% with dark condition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.235-241
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• 1989

The study was conducted to determine the Ms orthogonaL modia and the concentration of plant growth regulator for seed matura-tion and growth of rhizome from Cymbidium goeringii Germination waswell in dark condition, but the growth of rhizome was better un-der dark than under light condition in MS orthoTonal . Sucrose con-centration( 3 %) gave better results than higher ones(6%), andthe use of NAA(0.1 PPm) effect significant difference of seed ge-rmination .But the growth of rhizome was best in medium Containingsucrose concentration(3%) Ippm NAA and 1 PPm BA.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2001

Two types of annual bluegrass have been reported, and those consist of annual type (Poa annua ssp. annua) and perennial type (Poa annua ssp. reptans). As a weed, annual bluegrasses are commonly found in putting greens and fairways in many golf courses. Due to its strong competitiveness such as tremendous seed reproduction rate a year, prostrate growth habit, and no herbicide availability, annual bluegrasses have been considered as one of the most hard-to-control weeds in turf management systems. A growth chamber study was conducted to determine seed dormancy and to understand seed germination characteristics of annual bluegrass (Poa annua ssp. annua). Freshly harvested seeds showed 80 and 55% germination at 30 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that the optimum temperature of annual bluegrass is $30^{\circ}C$. However, the seed germination occurred only under light condition at any given temperature. This result demonstrated that light is prerequisite for the seed germination, and no primary dormancy of annual bluegrass seed exists. Secondary seed dormancy induced by unfavorable temperatures and dark condition was broken through 4 to 6 wk-storage at $4^{\circ}C$ with moisture, and the stored seeds germinated at $20^{\circ}C$ even under the dark. In red and far-red light trial, fresh seeds resulted in 40% germination under red while no seed germination occurred under far-red light condition, indicating that phytochrome Pr and Pfr could be related to annual bluegrass seed germination. When the far-red light replaced the red the germination was recovered, but this reversibility did not reach to the germination level under the red light only. This result implied that other lights than red and far-red would play an important role on seed germination of annual bluegrass.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2000

The experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics of the seed germination and the bulb dormancy in Korean-native Allium victorialis L. by the physicochemical treatments. The characteristics of two Allium victorialis seeds was similar in shape, color and threshing but different in other characters. Weight of 1,000 grains in Ullrung-native was 14.8g corresponding to 2.1 times as compared with Odae-native. Seeding immediatly after seed collection of Ullrung-native only germinated and chemicals didn't affect in germination improvement. The germination rate, average days to germination and coefficient of germination of Ullrung-native was 86%, 42 days and 2.05 at the dark condition of control, respectively. The germination rate, average days to germination and coefficient of germination of Odae-native was 70%, 47 days and 1.5 at the dark condition of control and 82%, 47 days, 1.75 at the light condition after 5$^{\circ}C$ prechilling for 30 days, respectively. The bedding days to reduce the physiological dormancy in the bulb of Odae-native assumed to be appropriate up to 45 days after the first prechilling.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the germination rate according to temperature, pelleting materials, pelleted size, seed storage periods under light and dark conditions in Rehmannia glutinosa. The highest germination rate was obtained from $25^{\circ}C$ in both light and dark condition. Two-year old seeds showed higher germination rate compared to one-year old seed. Talc material showed the highest germination rate among the pelleting materials by 82.5%. Among the different pelleting sizes, the highest germination rate was shown in 2.0 mm, and especially Talc pelleting showed 100% germination rate on 17days after seeding. In case of combination of pelleting materials, both of talc + vermiculite, zeolite + vermiculite showed lower germination rate than the control and 0.7 mm pelleted seed showed the highest germination rate.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

This study was carried out to establish optimal conditions for breaking dormancy of Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze seeds. A series of experiments according to seed maturity and treatment with plant growth regulators were performed to improve germination percentage and synchronize germination of the seeds. In addition, it was conducted to test whether the useful effect of seed treatment before sowing leads to healthy seedling and early vigorous growth. The average seed size was 1.85 mm (length) × 0.82 mm(width). The seed size was much smaller than other vegetable seeds. Seeds colorappeared dark brown, the shape of the seeds was oval and the weight of 1,000seeds was 352.8 mg. The optimum germination temperature was 22℃. Light exposure during germination did not affect germination promotion, suggesting that A. rugosa seeds are a kind of dark germinating seeds. Seed dormancy lasted for 40 days after harvesting, and GA3 treatment of dormant seeds could break dormancy. There were significant differences in germination percentage and rate according to the maturity of seeds. The germination percentage of mature seeds was 10 - 18% higher than that of immature seeds, and germination rate was 2 days faster. GA3 treatment during growth regulator treatment improved germinability, but BAP or ethephone treatment did not. The optimal growth regulator concentration of for germination was the combination treatment of 100 mM GA3 ＋ 100 mM BAP.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.700-705
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• 2013

This study was initiated to evaluate hydrophilic polymers (hydrogels) as a new solid matrix medium for seed-priming of Heteropappus arenarius Kitam. Solid matrix priming (SMP)-media were prepared with the combination of Na- and K-based hydrogels and hydrogels with three different dry levels (DC; 70%, 80%, and 90%). Priming was performed in the dark at 15 or $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours, and all primed seeds were incubated at $20^{\circ}C$ in the dark for the germination test. Non-primed seeds and seeds primed with distilled water (DW) were also included. To reach the germination rate of 50% ($T_{50}$), it took 4.0 days for non-primed seeds, and 3.6 and 3.9 days for DW-primed seeds at 15 and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. Na-based hydrogel-primed seeds with 70% DC (Na 70%) showed the fastest germination, which respectively took and 1.9 and 1.8 days at 15 and $20^{\circ}C$ to $T_{50}$. K-based hydrogel-primed seeds with 70% DC showed the fastest germination among K-based hydrogels with various DC levels, but it took 0.6 days more to $T_{50}$ compared to Na 70%. The hydration rate (HR) of DW-primed seeds was 37% lower than that of Na 70%-primed seeds at $15^{\circ}C$ priming temperature, which indicates that Na 70% priming is the best solid matrix priming condition for promoting the germination of H. arenarius seeds.