• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1179-1183
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• 2000

Objective : The treatment of malignant posttraumatic brain swelling remains a frustrating endeavor for neurosurgeon. Mortality and morbidity rates remain high depite advances in medical treatment of increased intracranial pressure. If conventional therapy fails in patients suffering from intracranial hypertension, there is only small number of second-tier option left including decompressive craniectomy. The role of decompressive craniectomy in posttraumatic brain swelling remains controversial. We assessed the efficacy and indications of decompressive craniectomy. Methods : The authors performed decompressive bifrontotemporal craniectomy in 22 patients with malignant posttraumatic brain swelling. Epidural pressure monotoring was performed in all patients. The clnical data and surgical outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. Result : The favorable outcome(GOS score 4-5) was 59%(13 of 22 patients), whereas the mortality rate was 32% (7 of 22 patients). Two patients(9%) remained in severely disabled state. Increased rate of favorable outcome was seen in the patients who had 8 or more of GCS score at admission and exhibited B wave in ICP monitoring and who showed steady state or slow deterioration in clinical course. Conclusion : If conservative therapy fails, decompressive bifrontotemporal craniectomy should be considered in the management of malignant posttraumatic brain swelling before irreversible ischemic brain damage occur.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.293-307
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• 1998

This study has been divided into two parts, 1) literature review and 2) a case study. Based on literature review and case studies found in Korea and abroad, this study aimed at classifying wildlife passages and establishing their development procedures in order to establish a theoretical ground for the development of wildlife passage as a way to link habitats that have been fragmented by the construction of roads and other developments. The results of the literature review are as follows : 1) Impact of road construction on surrounding ecological environment is found in various aspects. Along with damage of habitats as direct impact, decrease of biodiversity and simplification of species due to limited breeding and movement are cited as possible indirect impact. 2) In order to lessen the impact generated from fragmented habitats, various types of wildlife passage are being developed in Europe and are showing positive results. 3) In Korea, interests on animal passages have been rising recently. The ministry of Environment and local authorities are establishing development plans for the passages. However, practical materials on the usefulness of adoped methods are not available.4) In order to create an effective wildlife passage, decisions have to be made first on basic factors of planning and designing such as ecosystem rehabilitation methods and surveys on wildlife movement routes and habitat environment. Based on this, in a planning and designing stage, the location and type of a passage, size and measures to attract animals and prevent a collision need to be finalized. This should be followed by a series of process of maintenance, management and monitoring after the development. Based on the results of a theoretical study to develop an wildlife passage, Part 2 of this study deals with the results of an experiment through a specific planning and design that includes a process of ecological surveys, site selection, type selection, ecosystem infrastructure, planting design and construction details on an actual study area and presents them as a model project.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.32-42
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• 2004

This study aims at establishing an ecological planning for road construction. which is considered to be a main cause of damage to the natural environment in Korea. This study focuses on the Pyungtak-Eumsung Highway development project. It considers the ecological factors and status of the site and its surrounding area. The study site is a four-way highway with a width of 23.4m and a length of 5.7km that spans from Hyungok-ri, Anseong City, Kyeonggi Province to Jukhyun-ri, Jincheon-gun, Chungbuk Province. The objective of the plan is "the establishment of an eco-road in harmony with nature." The plan is divided into five detailed goals: 1) restoration of river morphology and ecosystem through ecological planning; 2) establishment of wet biotopes; 3) construction of ecological corridors; 4) restoration of damaged forest ecosystems; and 5) ecological restoration of the roadside slopes that are linked with the surrounding forest. A master plan has been developed based on the detailed goals. The master plan involves: 1) establishment of a natural river, wet biotopes, and ecological corridors that facilitate the movement of amphibians, wild fowls, mammalians and fish; 2) development of a planting plan for the visitor center, the tunnel entrance, and soundproof banks; and 3) the presentation of a planting model for restoring roadside slopes that are connected to the surrounding forest. The eco-road plan needs to entail ecological conservation and restoration plans. In addition, a monitoring plan for ecological corridors and habitats should be included in the comprehensive plans, along with the continuous development of environmentally friendly technologies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

In the health monitoring of civil engineering structures, the optimal sensor placement has a major influence on the quality of the results. This paper considers the problem of locating sensors with the aim of maximizing the data information so that structural parameters or damage of structures can be assessed. An proposed technique using a genetic algorithm is introduced to find the optimal placement of sensors. The sensitivity on modal vectors by structural parameters and the orthogonality of modal vectors have been taken as the fitness function of the genetic algorithm. A simple tower structure is used for example analyses to investigate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed approach. The example analyses show the way how the modal sensitivity and the modal orthogonality in the fitness function have influence on the optimal sensor placement. It is shown that the present method using the proposed fitness function can provide the reliable results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1037-1042
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• 2009

Safety regulation of railway embankment is restricted by safety factor in dry season or rainy season in Korea. Safety factor which is results from the limit equilibrium analysis is varied by various external conditions. And because it has no reflection point, it is very difficult to manage the safety of trains. Safety regulation such like warning sign, reduce speed and train stop is the best choice to reduce the damage of embankments where it is worried about occurrence of disasters. In this study, additional index is proposed to support present safety standards based on unsaturated soil mechanics and reliability analysis. It is velocity of failure probability. It has an apparent reflection point near present safety regulation. It is possible to modify the regulation for safety management and monitoring system of embankments by using this index.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2013

The reduction unit is one of the most important components for railway vehicles because the torque of the motor must be transmitted to the wheels of the vehicle by the reduction unit. The faults in the reduction units of high-speed trains are caused by damage such as gear, fatigue. These have serious impacts on safety of the train during operation. To address this development of a system for monitoring, fault diagnosis of the reduction unit is needed to keep the vehicle running safely. Before that can be accomplished, it is most important to understand the vibration characteristics of the reduction unit in a normal state. Vibration diagnosis technology using characteristic-analysis of vibration waveform and frequency is known to be the most effective method for fault diagnosis. In this paper, we analyzed the vibration characteristics of the reduction units two Korean high-speed trains (KTX and KTX II), under normal conditions, by two test methods (driving gear test, full-vehicle test).

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.105-108
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• 2006

Red tide(harmful algae) in the Korean Coastal Waters has a given a great damage to the fishery every you. However, the aim of our study understands the influence of meteorological factors (air and water temperature, precipitation, sunshine, solar radiation, winds) relating to the mechanism of red tide occurrence and monitors red tide by satellite remote sensing, and analyzes the potential area for red tide occurrence by GIS. The meteorological factors have directly influenced on red tide formation. Thus, We want to predict and apply to red tide formation from statistical analyses on the relationships between red tide formation and meteorological factors. In future, it should be realized the near real time monitoring for red tide by the development of remote sensing technique and the construction of integrated model by the red tide information management system (the data base of red tide - meteorological informations). Finally our purpose is support to the prediction information for the possible red tide occurrence by coastal meteorological information and contribute to reduce the red tide disaster by the prediction technique for red tide.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.20-28
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• 2014

This paper proposes a faulty node detection scheme that performs collective monitoring of a distributed networked control systems using interval weighting factor. The algorithm is designed to observe every node's behavior collectively based on the pseudo-random Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code. Each node sends a single BCH bit simultaneously as a replacement for the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code. The fault judgement is performed by performing sequential check of observed detected error to guarantee detection accuracy. This scheme can be used for detecting and preventing serious damage caused by node failure. Simulation results show that the fault judgement based on decision pattern gives comprehensive summary of suspected faulty node.

• Ceramist
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.281-300
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• 2019

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was first discovered in 1974 by an unexpected Raman signal increase from Pyridine adsorbed on rough Ag electrode surfaces by the M. Fleishmann group. M. Moskovits group suggested that this phenomenon could be caused by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which is a collective oscillation of free electrons at the surface of metal nanostructures by an external light source. After about 40 years, the SERS study has attracted great attention as a biomolecule analysis technology, and more than 2500 new papers and 500 review papers related to SERS topic have been published each year in recently. The advantages of biomaterials analysis using SERS are as follows; ① Molecular level analysis is possible based on unique fingerprint information of biomolecule, ② There is no photo-bleaching effect of the Raman reporters, allowing long-term monitoring of biomaterials compared to fluorescence microscopy, ③ SERS peak bandwidth is approximately 10 to 100 times narrower than fluorescence emission from organic phosphor or quantum dot, resulting in higher analysis accuracy, ④ Single excitation wavelength allows analysis of various biomaterials, ⑤ By utilizing near-infrared (NIR) SERS-activated nanostructures and NIR excitation lasers, auto-fluorescence noise in the visible wavelength range can be avoided from in vivo experiment and light damage in living cells can be minimized compared to visible lasers, ⑥ The weak Raman signal of the water molecule makes it easy to analyze biomaterials in aqueous solutions. For this reason, SERS is attracting attention as a next-generation non-invasive medical diagnostic device as well as substance analysis. In this review, the principles of SERS and various biomaterial analysis principles using SERS analysis will be introduced through recent research papers.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.143-148
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• 2011

In this study, the damage to the bridge structure such as the crack and water leakage was assessed due to the increase of the vehicle load and traffic on the roads. In order to make this into the database, as a part of the automation system development for the bridge maintenance, the students themselves designed and developed their own inspection robotic system based on the idea of robots currently being developed overseas. Its field testing was conducted and its applicability assessed. During the design and fabrication, its connection to the details of the unit course taken in the undergraduate level was focused. In terms of new product development, the field application was possible due to the support of the academic-industrial cooperation firms. Furthermore, through the survey of the students, the improvements in the practical skills of the students who participated in this development process was affirmed.