• 가스산업과 기술
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2001

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.891-895
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• 2019

Objective: Aim of present study was the set up of a fast and reliable protocol using species-specific markers for the quali-quantitative analysis of DNA and the detection of ruminant biological components in dairy products. For this purpose, the promoter of the gene coding for the ${\alpha}$-lactoalbumin (LALBA) was chosen as possible candidate for the presence of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs). Methods: DNA was isolated from somatic cells of 120 individual milk samples of cattle (30), Mediterranean river buffalo (30), goat (30), and sheep (30) and the gene promoter region (about 600/700 bp) of LALBA (from about 600 bp upstream of exon 1) has been sequenced. For the development of a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol that allows the simultaneous identification of DNA from the four species of ruminants, the following internal primers pair were used: 5'-CACTGATCTTAAAGCTCAGGTT-3' (forward) and 5'-TCAGA GTAGGCCACAGAAG-3' (reverse). Results: Sequencing results of LALBA gene promoter region confirmed the presence of SINEs as monomorphic "within" and variable in size "among" the selected species. Amplicon lengths were 582 bp in cattle, 592 bp in buffalo, 655 in goat and 729 bp in sheep. PCR specificity was demonstrated by the detection of trace amounts of species-specific DNA from mixed sources ($0.25ng/{\mu}L$). Conclusion: We developed a rapid PCR protocol for the quali-quantitative analysis of DNA and the traceability of dairy products using a species-specific marker with only one pair of primers. Our results validate the proposed technique as a suitable tool for a simple and inexpensive (economic) detection of animal origin components in foodstuffs.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-60
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• 1971

The author prepared a tuberculin sample using synthetic medium for the test material in this experiment. For the test animals, guinea pigs, healthy calf sensitized with heat killed tubercle bacilli, naturally infected dairy cattle, goat, and calf were used. A reduced reactivity to tuberculin was observed when the second tuberculin test was done within 28 days after the first. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The experimental HCSM tuberculin was shown the similar activities as the control products of standard tuberculin. 2. The potency of the experimental tuberculin preserved at $5^{\circ}C$ in refrigerator maintained the activity for three years. 3. By the intradermal test, the experimental tuberculin was proved to be specific to detect tuberculous dairy cattles and goats. 4. The appearance of skin reaction to tuberculin in naturally infected dairy cattles, goat and beef cattles was soft and diffuse swellings or circumscribed swellings accompanied by induration. 5. In the case of observing tuberculous dairy cattles, goats and beef cattles, as the criterion of the reaction to the caudal fold test, results were taken as positive when findings are either hard and circumscribed or soft and diffuse swellings of 3 mm at least in size. 6. The acid fast organisms isolated from tuberculin positive animals were identified mostly as M. tuberculosis var. bovis. 7. When the tuberculin test was repeated in the tuberculin positive animals, the reactivity decreased rapidly, lasting 4 weeks at least.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2007

In the present study, a total of 547 half milk samples were collected from 274 dairy goats to perform somatic cell counts (SCC) and California mastitis test (CMT). Milk smear was stained with Pyronin Y-Methyl Green stain were classified into either epithelial or blood cells, etc. Of the 547 halves the percentage of CMT negative milk samples were 86%. Among these, 58.2% were CMT negative with SCC<500,000/ml, while 27.8% were CMT negative with SCC>500,000 ml. As expected, CMT score increased with the increase of SCC. The number of epithelial cells decreased with the increasing number of somatic cells, while the opposite was observed with the number of blood cells. These results indicate that the critical point in milk quality & CMT should be considered on the false (pseudo-SC) SCC in dairy goat.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.308-312
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• 2011

This was a prospective cohort study of 976 infants from birth to 12 months of age. Infants were fed breast milk, goat infant formula, cow infant formula, or a combination of formula and breast milk during the first 4 months of age. Data on type of milk feeding and infant growth (weight and height) were collected at birth and at 4, 8, and 12 months during routine clinical assessment. The number and consistency of bowel motions per day were recorded based on observational data supplied by the mothers. Infants fed breast milk or goat or cow infant formula during the first 4 months displayed similar growth outcomes. More of the infants fed cow infant formula had fewer and more well-formed bowel motions compared with breast-fed infants. The stool characteristics of infants fed goat formula resembled those of infants fed breast milk.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2015

산양유을 섭취한 성인의 분변 내 bifidobacteria의 증식 효과 및 분변에서 분리된 bifidobacteria와 lactobacilli의 당 발효 능력을 조사하였다. 1. 산양유를 섭취한 처리군이 대조군보다 bifidobacteria 세균수가 상대적으로 높았으며, 8주에서 95% 신뢰한계에서 유의성이 있었다. 2. 분변에서 분리한 균주들을 13 균주의 16S rRNA 염기서 열로 동정한 결과, 산양유를 섭취한 처리구는 B. adolescentis, B. longum, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. dentium, L. sakei 순으로 분리되었다. 대조군의 12 균주는 B. adolescentis, B. longum, L. ruminis, L. sakei, B. pseudocatenulatum 순으로 분리되었다. 3. 산양유 올리고당과 lactulose는 모든 bifidobacteria 및 lactobacilli 균주가 발효하였다. Fructooligosaccaride는 B. adolescentis 7 균주 모두 발효하였다. 조사한 B. pseudocatenulatum 4 균주, L. sakei 3 균주, B. longum 7 균주 중에서 각각 3, 2, 1 균주가 fructooligosaccharide를 발효하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.902-912
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• 2020

Objective: Mongolia is one of a few countries that supports over 25 million goats, but genetic diversity, demographic history, and the origin of goat populations in Mongolia have not been well studied. This study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity, phylogenetic status and population structure of Mongolian native goats, as well as to discuss their origin together with other foreign breeds from different countries using hypervariable region 1 (HV1) in mtDNA. Methods: In this study, we examined the genetic diversity and phylogenetic status of Mongolian native goat populations using a 452 base-pair long fragment of HVI of mitochondrial DNA from 174 individuals representing 12 populations. In addition, 329 previously published reference sequences from different regions were included in our phylogenetic analyses. Results: Investigated native Mongolian goats displayed relatively high genetic diversities. After sequencing, we found a total of 109 polymorphic sites that defined 137 haplotypes among investigated populations. Of these, haplotype and nucleotide diversities of Mongolian goats were calculated as 0.997±0.001 and 0.0283±0.002, respectively. These haplotypes clearly clustered into four haplogroups (A, B, C, and D), with the predominance of haplogroup A (90.8%). Estimates of pairwise differences (Fst) and the analysis of molecular variance values among goat populations in Mongolia showed low genetic differentiation and weak geographical structure. In addition, Kazakh, Chinese (from Huanghuai and Leizhou), and Arabian (Turkish and Baladi breeds) goats had smaller genetic differentiation compared to Mongolian goats. Conclusion: In summary, we report novel information regarding genetic diversity, population structure, and origin of Mongolian goats. The findings obtained from this study reveal that abundant haplogroups (A to D) occur in goat populations in Mongolia, with high levels of haplotype and nucleotide diversity.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.8-8
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• 2002

Goats have long history in Korea. But because of small holding, is there no systematic development for breeding and reproduction. The most of goats in Korea have some typical problems, which gradually appeared through inbreeding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of hormonal treatment on estrus synchronisation in non-breeding seasons and to estimate economical aspects of caprine embryo transfer. Otherwise we would like to develop a suitable practical method of field embryo transfer, in order to obtain the more basical breeding materials for high-performance goat. (omitted)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.741-746
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• 2005

To investigate the basic information and the possibility of ACE-inhibitory peptides for antihypertension materials, goat's caisin (CN) was hydrolyzed by various proteolytic enzymes and ACE-inhibitory peptides were separated and purified. ACE-inhibition ratios of enzymatic hydrolysates of goat's CN and various characteristics of ACE-inhibitory peptides were determined. ACE-inhibition ratios of goat's CN hydrolysates were shown the highest with 87.84% by pepsin for 48 h. By Sephadex G-25 gel chromatograms, Fraction 3 from goat's CN hydrolysates by pepsin for 48 h was confirmed the highest ACE-inhibition activity. Fraction 3 g and Fraction 3 gh from peptic hydrolysates by RP-HPLC to first and second purification were the highest in ACE-inhibition activity, respectively. The most abundant amino acid was leucine (18.83%) in Fraction 3 gh of ACE-inhibitory peptides after second purification. Amino acid sequence analysis of Fraction 3 gh of ACE-inhibitory peptides was shown that the Ala-Tyr-Phe-Tyr, Pro-Tyr-Tyr and Tyr-Leu. IC$_{50}$ calibrated in peptic hydrolysates at 48 h, Fraction 3, Fraction 3 g and Fraction 3 gh from goat's CN hydrolysates by pepsin for 48 h were 29.89, 3.07, 1.85 and 0.87 g/ml, respectively. Based on the results of this experiment, goat's CN hydrolysates by pepsin were shown to have ACE-inhibitory activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.949-956
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• 2002

There are several physiological and pharmacological evidences indicating that opening of voltage dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channels play a critical role in induction of acrosome reaction in mammalian sperm. We determined the intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in ejaculated goat sperm using a fluorescent, $Ca^{2+}$-specific probe, Fura2/AM, after the suspension of sperm in KRB medium, capable of sustaining capacitation and the acrosome reaction. We used nifedipine, D-600 and diltiazem, the $Ca^{2+}$ channel antagonists belonging to the classes of dihydropyridines, phenylalkylamines and benzothiazepines, to investigate the possibility that L-type voltage gated $Ca^{2+}$ channels play a role in the progesterone-stimulated exocytotic response. Progesterone promoted a rise in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in goat sperm and addition of nifedipine (100 nM) just prior to progesterone induction, significantly inhibited both intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ rise and exocytosis suggesting that $Ca^{2+}$ channels are involved in the process. However, the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase during the process of capacitation was not affected with the addition of nifedipine suggesting a role of focal channel for $Ca^{2+}$ during capacitation. Studies using monensin and nigericin, two monovalent cation ionophores showed that an influx of $Na^+$ also may play a role in the opening of $Ca^{2+}$ channels. These results strongly suggests that the entry of $Ca^{2+}$ channels with characteristics similar to those of L-type, voltage-sensitive $Ca^{2+}$ channels found in cardiac and skeletal muscle, is a crucial step in the sequence of events leading to progesterone induced acrosome reaction in goat sperm.