• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2007

The elderly population in Korea is growing rapidly and their nutritional status is not acceptable. Data were collected from the self-administered questionnaire of 495 free living elderly, over 65years old, in Korea to asses the intake and consumption pattern of milk and dairy products. The questionnaire contains demographics, health related characteristics, and perception on milk, and consumption behaviors of milk and dairy products. Most of the elderly subjects understood that milk is good foods in terms of nutritive value and health. And 67% of the subjects satisfied with the sanitation status of milk on the markets. The kind of milk that majority of the subjects consumed was whole milk, and only 5.1% of them consumed low fat milk. Less than 20% of the subjects consumed milk everyday, living alone group consumed milk less frequently than living with others. It was found that the majority of the elderly subjects did not meet current recommendation for milk. Liquid and curd type yogurt were the major dairy products used among elderly, and the reasons were good taste and digestion. They believed that these kinds of dairy products help constipation and digestion problems. The price of milk was ranked for the first factor needed to be considered for milk and dairy products consumption in elderly korean.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

The milk product is one of the major foods which provide calcium for nutritional requirement. In addition to calcium, it supplies diverse nutrients including protein, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$. Adequate calcium intake throughout lifetime ensures optimum bone density and prevents osteoporosis in old age by reducing loss of bone mineral during growth and aging. The nutritional deficiency of calcium intake and spreading of osteoporosis in Korean population accentuated necessity of adequate calcium intake through milk consumption. Obstruction of milk consumption due to lactose intolerance should be overcome by educational programs for adequate milk consumption and low-lactose milk product developments. Consumption of milk products was reported to prevent high blood pressure in clinical studies and epidemiological investigations. As the feeding of milk increased, the body weight and fat of animal decreased in animal studies. The epidemiological investigations revealed that there was a negative correlation between the amount of milk consumption and the body fat. When calcium was provided as dietary supplement in the clinical trials, the body weight and body fat of subjects decreased. When calcium was particularly supplied as a part of milk, the body weight reduction rate was augmented. Calcium, vitamin D, and conjugated linoleic acid have been reported to exert a role in reducing cancer. The paramount importance of milk in nutrition as a source of calcium and other invaluable nutrients emphasizes consistent supply of milk products to adults as well as adolescents by dairy industry.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.539-546
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Women's bone health status is closely related with environmental factors and lifestyle factors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dietary risks of osteoporosis and osteopenia for Korean postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The data from 1,433 subjects from the 2010 KNHANES were used and divided into three groups: normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis group using bone mineral density (BMD). Nutrient intakes and food intake frequency were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the odds ratios for osteoporosis and osteopenia. RESULTS: The RNI percentage of each nutrient and food intake frequency from 12 food groups decreased as bone mineral density status deteriorated. Risk for osteoporosis of low calcium (Ca) intake, under the EAR, showed an odds ratio of 2.13(95% CI; 1.26-3.61, P < 0.05). Higher intake frequency showed preventive effect from osteoporosis compared to lower intake frequency in such food group as dairy products (ORs 0.40, CI 0.21-0.75), beans (ORs 0.49, CI 0.29-0.83), seaweeds (ORs 0.55, CI 0.32-0.94), fish (ORs 0.56, CI 0.32-0.98), and fruits (ORs 0.42, CI 0.23-0.79) after adjusting for age. CONCLUSION: To prevent osteoporosis in later life, sufficient Ca intake and more frequent intakes of foods containing Ca such as dairy products, beans, fish, seaweeds, and fruits, which help in Ca absorption, should be stressed for Korean postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.419-429
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary habits and assess the dietary intake of preschool children. Food habit, preference and nutritional supplement status were investigated using a questionnaire answered by the mothers of 453 subjects aged 3 to 6 years old. Also, a dietary intake survey using a 24-hour recall method was performed by mothers of the children. It was found that 81.2% of subjects had milk, dairy products, cookies, fruit and bread between meals once or twice per day. As well, 60.3% of subjects had an unbalanced diet and 20.7% had an overeating habit. Thus, unbalanced diet was a serious problem for many of the subjects. Due to weight controls, digestion problems and allergies, 11.7% of subjects had special dietary consideration. And 26.4% of subjects were using nutritional supplements. From the 24-recall survey, it was found that all nutrient intakes were higher than the Korean RDA except calcium and vitamin A. Nutrient intakes for protein, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin B2 were significantly different by sex, and also increased with age but not significantly. Children received 35% of daily energy, 44% of daily fat and 52% of daily calcium from snacks, so snacks clearly play an important role in dietary intake. The average number of foods consumed per day by subjects was 17.6 and that dishes was 11.0. Most children consumed 4 or 5 food groups per day. In conclusion, the dietary intake of children aged 3 to 6 were deemed adequate judging from nutrient intake and dietary diversity. More attention should be paid to the nutritional value of snacks in this age group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1978

The hazards to man of nuclear fallout produced by the nuclear tests in the atmosphere were briefly discussed. Seriousness of hazards due to Sr-90 existing not only in the nuclear fallout but also in the spent nuclear fuel and nuclear waste was pointed out. The uncertainty in health hazards to Koreans coming from the relatively low fraction of Ca intake from dairy products was stressed. In order to minimize the possible additional damage due to the particular Korean meal pattern, the investigation of ways to reduce the Sr-90 intake from Korean foods was proposed.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to figure out the characteristics of dietary habits and lifestyles related to the development of insulin resistance syndrome(IRS). The participants in this study were 595 adults with one or more abnormal data from a health examination and 215 normal adults. When IRS was defined as a condition in which the subjects have 2 or more abnormalities among obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, the prevalence rate was 37.8%. We classified the 595 adults by the number of components of IRS components they had, the higher age and obesity index they had. Total cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood were also positively related to the number of IRS components. IRS subjects tended to practice less habitual drinking and more exercise and weight control. Coffee consumption and dining out frequency were also lower in the IRS group. An analysis of food habits by odds ratio indicated that total food score was better in the IRS group. However, it appeared that food habits such as \"frequent snacking\" and \"never rejecting offered foods\" need to be improved in IRS subjects. Other undesirable food habits were related to the consumption of eggs, dairy products, fried foods, garlic and onion. Dietary intake of Ca, Fe, riboflavin, Vit A, and energy were less than 75% of the Korean recommended allowance for more than half of the subjects. Nutrient intake was lower, Ca/P ratio from food intake was worse in the IRS group. Our results indicated that nutrition counseling for IRS need to be focused on balanced food intake to supply sufficient amount of each nutrient.nt of each nutrient.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.343-353
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• 1998

To assess the food intake and diet quality of Korean adults living in rural areas , a dietary survey using a one day 24-hour recall method was conducted with 2037 subjects over 30 years of age living in Yeonchon-gun , Kyungki province of Korea. Eighty percent of total food intake was in the form of vegetable food and the rest in the form o fanimal food . Diet quality was assessed by food group pattern, dietary diversity score(DDS), and dietary variety score(DVS). When counting the major food groups consumed (DDs), 47% of subjects had a DDS of 3 and 31% of subjects had a DDs of 4. On average, subjects habitually consumed 14.9 different foods daily, with the mean score of diet variety (DVS) for males(14.4) being significantly lower than for females (15.2). Persons who had higher DDSS also had higher DVSS(p<0.001). As the DDs increased , MAR(Mean adequacy ratio) improved. Correlation coefficients between NAR(nutrient adequacy ratio) and DVS ranged from r=0.34 for vitamin C to re=0.51 for vitamin B$_2$. NAR also improved as the number of foods or food groups consumed increased (p<0.001). Associations between the NAR of most nutrients with DVS was better than those with DDS. Based on these results, the food intake of the study subjects was not adequate, especially with regards to the dairy and fruit groups . Dietary diversity (DDS) and especially dietary variety (DVS) would be useful in assess nutrient intake because of their associations with total diet quality.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2023

Osteoporosis is a major health problem confronting middle-aged women today. Enhancing calcium intake in early adulthood can increase the rate of calcium gain in bone. In this study, we investigated the association of bone health-related nutritional knowledge levels with calcium-related dietary behavior and nutrition education among women. Data were collected using questionnaires from 347 women aged 20~30 residing in Gyeonggi-do. Subjects were categorized into two groups according to their bone health-related nutritional knowledge (high or low-knowledge group). Knowledge related to bone health and calcium, and dietary habits was assessed, and the preference for and intake frequency of calcium-rich food were collected and analyzed using food frequency questionnaires. The high-knowledge group showed a significantly higher rate of nutritional education experience (33.9%) when compared with the low-knowledge group (18.9%). Not only were the perceptions regarding milk and dairy products more positive in the high-knowledge group (P<0.05), but the intake frequency of calcium-rich foods, such as tofu, soybean, and anchovies, was also higher in this group compared to the low-knowledge group (P<0.05). Overall, the preference for all calcium-rich foods was positively correlated to their intake frequency (P<0.05). Nutrition education experience and the recognition of the need for such education were positively correlated with the bone health-related nutrition knowledge score (P<0.05). In conclusion, bone health-related nutritional knowledge can affect calcium-related dietary behavior and increase the intake of calcium-rich food of 20~30-year-old women and this can contribute to the prevention of osteoporosis. To improve bone health-related nutritional knowledge among young women, it may be important to provide nutrition education.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the food and nutrient intake status and eating-out practices of college students. A dietary survey of 361 subjects living in urban areas was conducted by using a 3-day diet record method. The average ages of the male and female subjects were 22.0 and 20.6 years old, respectively. Monthly personal expenses of the male and female students were 316,517 won and 296,888 won, respectively. 43.1% of the male and 50.8% of the female students used between one-quarter and one-half of their monthly personal expenses for eating out. Sixty-five percent of the total subjects ate out more than five times a week The average daily total food intake was 1630.7g in the males and 1453.9g in the females. The average percentage of total food intake from eating out (by weight) was 60.6% in the males and 56.2% in the females; foods eaten out were mainly potatoes, meats, processed foods, and beverages. It was found that 40-65% of daily total nutrient intake came from food eaten out. When they ate out, the male students ate slightly higher amounts of protein, fat and vitamin B1, while the female students ate relatively higher amounts of animal protein, fat, vitamin A and cholesterol. The more the subjects ate out, the more the quantity of total food intake increased. This increase resulted from high intakes of beverages and processed foods in the males, while the increase was from total plant foods, mushrooms, beverages, and milk and dairy products, in the females. The dietary variety score (DVS) was significantly increased in the female subjects when they ate out more than once a day; otherwise, the DVS was not significantly different between any of the male and female groups. The intakes of energy, and of many nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium and cholesterol, were increased when the female subjects ate out more than twice a day. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was at its highest level of 0.65 in the males when they ate out less than once a day, and at its highest level of 0.67 in the females when they ate out more than twice a day.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to develop an assessment tool for middle aged women's health status based on dietary patterns, which will have practical applications in the working field of health and hygiene, aiming at improving the middle aged women's quality of life through their health improvement. Methods: As a first step, a literature review was conducted and the original data of '2008~2009 Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey' were reanalyzed. This analysis identified 65 preliminary questions that may be relevant to the study. After verifying the content validity by experts, the 65 questions were reduced into 51 questions. In order to secure higher validity of the candidate items, verification of their clinical validity was conducted among women aged between 45 and 60 years. Finally, an assessment tool was developed by applying weight and scoring. Results: Selected 51 questions were used to verify clinical validity and the results showed that 20 questions were relevant, nine questions ('regular meal time', 'regular amount of meal', 'intake frequency of dairy products', 'intake frequency of fruits', 'intake frequency of meat products', 'intake frequency of high cholesterol foods', 'intake frequency of salty foods', 'appetite', 'eat breakfast everyday') were related to dietary life. Eleven other questions ('self-rated health status', 'deep sleep', 'smoking', 'frequency of drinking', 'stress levels', 'health-related fitness levels', 'pounding of the heart', 'strange feelings on the skin', 'interfere with daily life', 'menopause will bring you a chance to see the life in a different perspective', and 'body mass index') were selected as valid questions. For the response scale for each question, 5 point Likert scale was used to make total 100 point score. Conclusions: This study is the first attempt to develop a health status assessment tool for middle aged women based on their dietary patterns. We conclude that this tool is expected to be a useful and practical tool in the field.