• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.1 s.91
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• pp.80-87
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptional patterns of Korean traditional food and to compare the preference and intake frequencies of daily traditional Korean food among the identified perceptional patterns in the Yuabian area. Data were collected from 261 Korean housewives in Yanbian and underwent cluster and group mean analysis. The results revealed two different patterns: tradition-oriented vs. modem-oriented. Descriptive statistics showed that perceptional patterns are likely to vary depending on socio-demographic background as well as the preference and intake frequencies of daily traditional food. Similarities and differences in these perceptional patterns, the preference and the intake frequencies of traditional daily food are discussed, and future implications for food nutritionists and Asia marketers are presented.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2007

This study was conduced to identify the preference and intake frequencies of traditional Korean foods by Chinese-Koreans in the Yanbian region of China based on the hometown of the female head of household. Data were collected from 261 Korean housewives living in Yanbian. Twenty-six kinds of daily food items were surveyed. Analysis of variance was used to compare the similarities and differences among the three groups, which were divided according to hometowns in North Korea, South Korea, and China. The results for the traditional Korean daily food preferences showed that housewives born in South Korea are more likely to prefer cereal soup, vegetables soup, and fermented rice punch than housewives from North Korea and China. Considering the intake frequencies of traditional Korean foods, Korean housewives born in China are more likely to eat boiled rice and a bun stuffed with seasoned meat and vegetables, as well as beef and vegetables cooked in a casserole than housewives with hometowns in South Korea and North Korean. In this article, similarities and differences in the preferences and intake frequencies of traditional Korean foods are discussed, and implications for nutritionists as well as food marketers are provided.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 2005

Rice is the primary main dish of Traditional Korean diet. Although there have been changes in food consumption and nutrient intake among Koreans, traditional dietary pattern is stil dominant among Koreans. Traditional Korean diet has emphasized breakfast, which is the most frequently missed meals in Korea today but important for daily work performance and health. Compared to diets of the U.S. and Greece, Korean diet is high in carbohydrate and low in fat and cholesterol due to low intake of meat. Koreans also consume large amount of plant food, which makes fiber content of diet to be high. However fruit and milk consumption tends to be low in Korea. Koreans use fermented food, including kimchi, very frequently as well as foods cooked and consumed at high temperature and over direct fire. Traditional cooking methods are time consuming which limits the usage among modern city dwellers with working women. Despite the strengths of traditional Korean diets in reducing risk factors of chronic diseases, preservation of the tradition in modern Korean society requires special attention and efforts to make them more adaptable to contemporary life styles.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 1995

This study was to investigate the trends of dietary life as based on the assumption that economic growth caused the change in dietary life. Newspaper articles on home cooking in Cho-Sun Daily Newspaper, published from 1961 to 1993, were analyzed, and the results are summerized as follows: (1) Total number of articles on home cooking was 817. Traditional Korean foods had been introduced more often than foreign foods, particularily after the third period($'79{\sim}'93$). In the first period($'61{\sim}'67$ serving size of 5 had been adapted mainly, whereas serving size of 4 had been adapted more frequently after third period. (2) Vegetable foods were the most frequently introduced item in home cooking articles as a whole. In the third and forth periods starch foods had been reduced, whereas vegetable and meat foods had been increased in home cooking articles. Use of foods of the season had been reduced thanks to spreading of greenhouse and to improvement of food storage technology. (3) Traditional Korean foods were largely composed of kimchi, boiled rice, Korean style soup and stew which are basic foods in Korea. Foreign foods introduced were mainly beverage, alcoholic drink and salad. Since 1980 meat, chicken and vegetable dishes had been frequently introduced. In conclusion, the daily newspaper articles on home cooking reflect the changes in Koreans' food consumption pattern and consciousness of dietary life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 1988

The nutritional value of Korean traditional diet was estimated by using the 7-dish meal of Kim Ho Jik (1944) and the standard weekly menu of Bang Sin Young (1957), and compared to the current Recommended Daily Allowance of Korean. The Korean traditional diets were estimated to be able to supply 2,000-2,500 Kcal and 80-90g of protein per day. The constitution of energy was made by 73-77% carbohydrate, 15-18% protein and 10-12% lipid. The content of animal protein was 20-30% of total protein. The Korean traditional diet could supply sufficient amounts of protein, minerals and vitamins for an adult male, if the energy intake exceeds 2,00 Kcal per day.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.333-349
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• 2016

This study develops and evaluates a game-based lesson plan applied to the 'Food Culture' unit of a high school Home Economics class. We developed, implemented, and evaluated lesson plans for seven periods that contained 'the Korean food table setting card,' 'the world's food culture card,' and the procedure for cards games according to the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. 'The Korean food table setting card' consisted of 'the Korean food table setting order card' to easily understand 10 types of Korean traditional daily meals based on pictures and 'the Korean food table setting food card' to easily understand Korean traditional food based on 104 kinds of food picture and quick response (QR) code. 'The world's food culture card' consisted of 'the world's food culture quiz card' to help learners easily understand influential food culture formation factors, features of food culture, typical foods from 16 countries, and 'the world's traditional food card' to help learners easily understand typical foods from 16 countries through 63 kinds of pictures. Respective 'game guides' were also developed. High school students who studied the game-based Home Economics classes and who participated in the 'Food Culture' unit, could easily and enjoyably learn the food culture of Korea (and other countries), actively participate in learning activities, and understood the content of food culture. In addition, they evaluated that the game-based instruction was easy to remember with minimal memorizing.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.701-710
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• 1997

this study was undertaken to compare the riboflavin status of rural women with different physical activity intensity and to determine factors influencing biochemical fiboflavin status. The study was carried out over three different farming seasons : planting (June), harvest(October) and interim(February) in two rural regions of Korea. One was a traditional farming region, the other a commercial farming region with heavier work intensity. Twenty women in the traditional region and eighteen women in the commercial region were involved. The intensity of physical activity was determined by a daily activity record. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedence. Dietary riboflavin intake was measured by the food frequency method. Riboflavin biochemical status was assessed by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGR AC) and ruinary riboflavin excretion. The results from the EGR AC and urinary riboflavin excretion during the period showed the overall riboflavin status of the commercial farming women was significantly worse than that of the traditional farming women(EGR AC p<0.0001, urinary riboflavin excretion p<0.05). The traditional farming group had about 40% with risk of riboflavin deficiency, whereas the commercial farming group had about 70%. Overall mean nutrient intake was not significantly different between the two groups, however, overall mean percent lean body mass representing long term physical activity was significantly higher in the commercial farming group ( <0.005). It appears that the biochemical riboflavin status of traditional farming women was significantly influenced by riboflavin intake and crude nitrogen balance while the biochemical riboflavin status of the commercial farming women was significantly influenced by riboflavin intake and percent of lean body mass over the three seasons. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(5) : 701∼710, 1997)

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2005

Recently, the number of elderly people in the rural area of Korea has increased remarkably and their food security has become deteriorated mainly due to the low economic status. To investigate the food security for the elderly people, relevant data were obtained by offering questionnaire to the rural elderly people who were engaging in traditional agricultural production for daily foods. The subjects of 1870 were collected in 9 provinces according to PPS(Probability Proportional to Size). Questionnaire contained the items of dietary habit, food cultivation, Production and Preservation, and the suey was conducted by trained interviewers. SAS (ver 8.1) was used for statistical analyses in which Chi-square tests and General Linear Models were made. Family of the elderly people was $45.4\%$ of the total and the characteristics of elderly families were that age of male head was 82.1 years and that of female was 67.7 years, and that $68.8\%$ of elderly women were working for family income or pocket money. The elderly families' food cultivation state was surveyed and they were pepper$(59.1\%)$, chinese cabbage$(61.91\%)$, and sesame$(48.6\%)$ for their own consumption. But, bean sprout$(6.5\%)$, tofu$(7.7\%)$ and egg$(5.1\%)$ showed low rate of cultivation for the family. The rate of cultivating chinese cabbage$(61.9\%)$, and sesame$(48.6\%)$ was significantly higher than that of middle aged family. At the status of fermented food production for the elderly family, Doenjang$(87.4\%)$ and Gochujang$(86.3\%)$ Kanjang$(84.0\%)$ Kimchi$(92.9\%)$ Jangachi$(27.6\%)$ and Meju$(91.61\%)$maintained higher rate than that of middle aged families' Food preservation of elderly families was low and there are just jam$(5.3\%)$ and bottled products$(1.4\%)$. A little higher rate was observed lot the preserved food such as alcohol$(9.9\%)$ and powder$(9.8\%)$. For the elderly family the score of food cultivation was 4.08/12 points and that of food preservation was 0.62/12 points. The score of fermented food production for elderly family was 10.24/12 points which was significantly different from that of middle aged family (9.58/12 points, p<0.001). This result suggests that for the elderly people food with more protein is needed for production.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.59-71
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• 2022

Objective : This study examines the historical changes of Ssangwha-'tang', traditional restorative medicine, to a type of tea in tea rooms(Da-bang) named Ssangwha-'cha' in the modern era in South Korea. The goal is to understand how traditional Korean medical culture has been related to the food culture of everyday life. Method : We analyzed traditional medical texts, newspaper articles and advertisements, literary works, and folk song lyrics in which Ssangwha-tang and Ssangwha-cha are mentioned. Results : Ssangwha-tang used to be mentioned as a medicine to tonify 'Yang' energy(Bo-yang) in traditional medical texts from the late Goryeo dynasty to the mid-Joseon dynasty. Since the late Joseon dynasty, it has also been prescribed for cold, as the tonifying method(Bo-beop) gradually prevailed from the royal family to the public. Since then, Ssangwha-tang has been more popular with the public, with the emergence of the patent medicine(Mae-yak) market since the Opening port period and the Colonial period. As the number of Da-bang sharply increased nationwide amid the period of the country's liberation, Ssangwha-tang has been included in the Da-bang menu served as Ssangwha-cha, corresponding to the increasing demands of the public and government policy that tends to favor traditional beverages over coffee. Conclusion : The historical process in which Sssangwha-tang, a type of herbal medicine, became also considered as tea, Ssangwha-cha, provides an example of how Korean traditional medical culture emphasizing the tonification of the body is interconnected with the daily lives of the public and food culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to look at how pepper was used in traditional medicine. In other words, this study aims to take a look at the process by which the medicinal nature & efficacy of pepper in traditional society was perceived and arranged through the aspects of the use of pepper as an exotic crop for treating diseases. This study investigated cases of using pepper for medical treatments by referring to books on traditional medicine in Korea. The old records about pepper are mainly in empirical medical books from the late Chosun dynasty. Nevertheless, the records about pepper tend to decrease in medical text as time goes by. Such a phenomenon can be attributable to the fact that people began to use pepper for daily food life rather than for medicinal purposes. Pepper was used mostly for digestive trouble such as vomiting, diarrhea, and stomachaches, and it was also applied to mental and aching diseases caused by the sound of body fluids remaining in the stomach. In addition, there were many cases where pepper was used externally for surgical disorders. Such symptoms for treatment are linked to, or in a complementary relationship with, research results in modern times. Boiled pepper was generally taken in the traditional herbal decoction method, and in the case of surgical diseases, it was applied externally. The cases of using old pepper, using pepper with seeds or without seeds, and using pepper mixed with sesame oil belong to a sort of herbal medicine processing, which usually aimed at changing the medicinal nature of pepper. In addition, in relation to the eating habits at that time, pepper was used as seasoning and to make red pepper paste with or without vinegar. There are two words used for pepper in the medical textbooks, 苦椒 (gocho) and 烈棗 (yeoljo). These words are translated into Korean as gochu, so we can identify this word as a nickname for pepper.